How to quickly pick up the optimal solution. How to choose the optimal loader? Venting basements, ground floor

Each hostess wants to make the interior of her kitchen cozy and warm. Today it is possible to issue windows by various options, and you can do it with the blinds of Kharkov. According to the form, several types of blinds are distinguished: horizontal or vertical, as well as rolled. The most popular of them are rolled.

They can be easily raised and lowering if necessary. If you plan to plan such that right from the kitchen, you fall on the terrace or on the balcony, then this option is suitable for you best. Vertical models of this type of product are well suited for premises having a low-level ceilings, they will allow visa to raise the height of the walls. But between the two double-glazed windows, it is good to place the blinds of the horizontal type. For the kitchen, the blinds are better fit, made of various moisture-resistant materials, as well as those that are easy to eat. If we are talking about the right choice of tissue blinds in the kitchen, then before choosing a model or another model Products you need to make sure that they are processed by a special composition, which allows them to be more moisture-resistant.

You can also buy plastic, aluminum or wooden blinds in the kitchen. Such models are good to use in those rooms where many evaporations are present. With the color of the blinds you need to be determined by yourself, but you need to try to make their color schemes perfectly approached the kitchen headset. For example, you have a white headset in the kitchen, a dark corner, in this case the blinds are perfect with a tree color.

Under the wallpaper with light tones, the same dark blinds can also be found. The same dark blinds. With bright colorful patterns or bright stripes, just surprisingly look at any kitchen. And if there are also bright decorative pillows in the kitchen, then such blinds are The most optimal option for the window to arrange the window in this room. Blinds with a beige tint and white color can come in almost every interior of the kitchen, ranging from the classics and ending with modern. The vertical models of the blinds are good to use to design windows in kitchens with low ceilings, because in such a way you can visually increase the area of \u200b\u200bthe room. When you choose the blinds on your kitchen, pay attention to the quality of the selected material, on its color and style, as well as size.

Only in this case, your kitchen will be transformed beyond recognition, will acquire a completely different look. In such a kitchen, even cooking will be in joy, and during dinners with the whole family will always be sincere and fun. In the modern world there are a wide variety of window decoration options. In Russia since the USSR, tulle and dark curtains are considered the most common design of windows. But now Russia began to adopt European experience and more and more windows in our apartments are drawn up with a variety of types of blinds: horizontal, vertical, rolled, Japanese curtains, pls.

So let's start with the kitchen. You have just made the repair: bought a new furniture, changed the floor, stretched the glossy white ceiling and now the window turns. First you need to decide what is more suitable for the style of your new kitchen: Classic curtains or modern blinds? If you have chosen the blinds, the most optimal option for the kitchen is horizontal blinds, isotra and rollight. Isotra perfectly suitable for the kitchen in the style of Haytech.

Isotrarpresentation of yourself a special development of blinds on plastic windows. But our specialists can install them not only on plastic windows, but also on wooden. And the control mechanism is hidden in a white box, and the canvas itself is horizontal aluminum lamellas (stripes). We can offer you a slave width of 25mm or 16mm. And most importantly, they can be cleaned in a couple of minutes, rubbed the lamels with a dust rag from dust. Now let's move to the blinds of Rollight, they are also designed for PVC windows. The best plus of the Rollite is one constructive feature, when it is installed on the window and fully lowering the canvase does not remain. one light gap.

If the kitchen windows come out on the sunny side, the rolllights with the flakut cloth are perfect for you. Blakewood fabric provides 100% dimming. On the blinds Rollight can be applied any image you like. Fashion can transform your kitchen to be unrecognizable. You can print dawn, beach with the ocean, night city, your favorite.

Fabric for blinds Rollage has antibacterial and anti-type impregnation. We guarantee that one of these options will perfectly complement the interior of your kitchen. Soviet to remake a typical balcony: 5 expert tips and real estimates we will talk about a very interesting alteration of a typical balcony in a cozy, bright and multifunctional room. . EXTERNAL EXECUTE PECORDER INTERRACKAKA CHOOTING A PHOTOUSE: 8 Fresh ideas from our projectovnael classic square tiles in bright colors? Then these solutions for you! The advice to clean the house from the rubble: Step-by-step instructions in the house has become more spacious, sometimes it is enough to get rid of unnecessary things, and you need to keep in order.

How to do this, knows the author of the blog My Scandinavian Home Nicky Brantmarkdekore interior of the Soviets, how to update the outdated interior task that your interior is no longer in trend? We tell what to pay attention to and how to update outdated furnish-sided apartment in Melogabrite: 10 ideas from Western projectsReview, how to squeeze the maximum of your small apartment without prejudice to ergonomics and stylasture, one way from one room Make Three: Real Sourdiagonal Planning helped Designer Diana Maltsev Place a kitchen-living room in one-room apartment and two-bedroom drives to squeeze a maximum of odds: 2 Ideas look at how to competently equip the apartment with an area of \u200b\u200b50 square meters, and try to guess the option that I chose the Customerproekt Smelankka designer did the apartment without redevelopment of Lazarev, did not break the wall in the new apartment of the wall and changing rooms in places: space was issued using only decorators' receivers Waying the kitchen: 7 things on which it is impossible to save pro and personal experience of our heroevinets Easternated finishing materials: 9 Soviets for choosing We wonder what to use when repairing, and what manufacturers can be trusted, and how it is not worthwhile to make a estimate for repairs: 7 simple steps of the cost of alteration independently - from planning the work of work before taking into account force-maggings7 things on which you can save when buying a kitchen watch, how to buy High-quality cuisine and not overpayment The windplanics of the bedroom in the odnushka to find a bedroom and living room: 2 Options Look at the designer it turned out to turn the odnushku in the two-room service and try to guess the option, which in the end chose the customer of the interface to buy for the kitchen as from the cover: 5 belonging how to make a stylish kitchen From the project of Elena IvanovoMalo-bully apartment5 class ideas for small apartments from the Western projects, how to hide tables and chairs, make out tiny bedrooms and push the wallmall-robbery apartment Kak was designed for an odnushku, in which it is convenient to live a flat apartment, if you think about each centimeter to the smallest detail. The designers separated the common zone from the personal partitions, carried a mini-office to the balcony and hid the wardrobe for the mirroring leaf, or what could increase the budget of your repair whether to combine the bathroom, buy furniture with sets and chanting for trends? # Exclusive-and-thequicar in fashionable gray-beige trones in Khamovnikhomfortfort and a sophisticated interior formed thanks to experiments with a cold and warm color gamut, natural finish and properly selected objects of art council create their own project of a country house: Tips Professional Marchitector Ilya Nasonov shared advice for novice landowners and house-building MapsPaskAkak Create an interior from the cover: Kitchen-dining room in Scandinavian Style Option The interior in the restrained colors, but with bright accents + choose the right products from the InmyRoomSpecialist store Ladecoria offer proven tips that will help you choose the best kind of blinds for your interior.

To begin with, the type of interior should be determined and referring to what role, the blinds are assigned in it, or what effect would like to achieve with their help. For example, horizontal blinds - visually increase the window and expand the space, but the vertical blinds are visually "extended". From here Conclusion: Horizontal blinds are better to use for the design of small windows in small rooms, and horizontal - better suitable for large windows in rooms with high ceilings. If you need low-cost blinds for the kitchen, bathroom or loggia, we recommend paying attention to plastic or aluminum blinds . These species provide excellent protection against sunlight, easily wash and do not absorb smells.

In addition, there are many options for decoration of plastic blinds: they can be multicolored or monophonic, bright or muted colors. Designers are recommended to be used to design a kitchen of light shades with prints, as the same-colored, in the tone of kitchen furniture, look fadel, and "steal comfort". Selecting blinds for the living room, hallway or bedroom preference is better to give tissue blinds: a huge selection of textures, colors, Designer decisions, as well as the possibility of applying any image provided this type of blinds deserved popularity. It is a selection of color palette, there is a basic pattern: in monophonic interiors, as a rule, the blinds of contrasting colors are advantageous, for example, in a room with dark wallpapers - bright blinds, and vice versa . For the design of the bedroom, fabric vertical patterns of pastel shades with the original pattern are ideal.

For a living room or children - brighter options. Choose horizontal blinds with drawings as the vertical direction of lamellas of the blinds, "swallow" a significant part of the already small space. In the classic interior or in the office, vertical wooden or tissue jacquard blinds will look, but for the interior in the style of Hitech is better fit plastic. If you decide to buy blinds to this question, it is necessary to approach especially carefully, given all the details and nuances. But it is better to order blinds from specialists. Professional designers of Ladecoria are absolutely free to travel to the customer, demonstrate directories and samples, help remove measurements and choose the best solution for your interior. Agree to choose the desired type of blinds in the company of a professional and directly indoors, where they will be located, which is more advisable and more interesting than to do it in the store or office.

Sources:

• wworld.com.ua.
• b-solution.ru.
• www.inmyroom.ru.
• ladecoria.com.ua.

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For some reason (most likely, for the purpose of saving), many motorists prefer to wash their vehicles with dishwashing, washing powder or economic soap.

However, it is impossible to do this, since such detergents remove the paint layer and scratch the body surface.

For washing cars, there are special shampoos, characterized by high softness and foaming. They do not contain as part of detergent crystals and abrasive substances. Some car shutups are designed to remove contaminants from the outer surface of the body, others - for cleaning the cabin.

What key characteristics should a good car shampoo possess?

First, it is easy to wash away any contamination of both organic and inorganic origin. This quality determine the surface-active substances (surfactant) included in the automampunk

Secondly, the difference in good foaming. Thick foam prevents the appearance of scratches and micro-tests on the surface of the body

Thirdly, do not leave divorces

In addition to the main detergent function, high-quality car supersampou must have anticorrosion properties.

Often with a manual washing of clean water is not enough, so the detergent is washed off from the body not completely. Inhibitors in the composition of the shampoo allow you to eliminate this problem, forming a thin protective film on the purified surface. In addition to aesthetic function (shine giving), it has both practical: water-repellent and antistatic.

For external work, the pink color of a variety of stamps is most often used. They remove the polyrolol well, so used before the car polishing.

All the same type of shampoos have about the same composition, so the price should not affect the choice.

Application

Before applying, shampoo must carefully examine the instructions - very many of them need to be diluted with water. For washing the entire surface of the car, there are 3-4 tablespoons of the concentrate, when diluted with water, this amount will give a lot of foam. The optimal ratio of water and shampoo of a particular brand is indicated in the instructions.

Do not wash the surface of the car with a sponge, as it collects the smallest particles of dust and dirt, which, when contacting the car coating, work as sandpaper - scratch the paint and remove the polyteroline layer. In order to protect the car cover, it is recommended to wash twice a week.

After applying the shampoo, it is necessary to thoroughly wipe all the surfaces with a soft cloth (or a special mitten), then wash off the detergent water from the hose. If necessary, the car can be polished.

If you need to quickly and easily recount paper cash, you can not do without

counter banknotes. Purchase it - the event is responsible. It is necessary to choose such a model that would definitely comply with the requirements and wishes.

Start with definition: What are you buying a counter? All devices are divided into three large groups. The first is the initial class. These are portable models, the cost of their low, but all major functions are present. They are used on the gas station, in small stores and so on. The second group is the average level. The functionality of such meters is wider, and the price, respectively, is higher. This kind of device is used in large offices. This is the optimal option for them. The third group refers to a high level. Such models are in service from large banks, firms, currency exchanges. They are capable of functioning at 20 hours. It is easy to guess that the cost of such a meter will be significant.

Thus, models belonging to different classes are very different in functionality. It should pay attention to it.

Start can be manual or automatic. The first option means that you will turn on the device you will be pressing the button. And the second is that the device will begin to recalculate the bills after you set the pack in the counter.

Another important feature is the ability to change the speed of recalculation. High speed is not always good. It is suitable only for new bills. But for mixed packs, low speed will be useful. This function is useful if the device in the process of recalculation also checks the authenticity of banknotes.

Find out if it is possible to sort in the selected model. If so, the device will be able to recount banknotes, and sort them by determining the total amount in the pack and the nominal bill. Instruments with such functional are expensive, but they are very useful and quickly pay off.

Such counters that can check whether there are no dual bills and torn in a pack of dual bills and torn. Usually it is high-level machines. They quickly find torn bills, or even their halves.

Useful when the counter has a size detector. That is, he knows how to tune in the size of those bills that lie in the pack first. All other banknotes it compares with them. If the subsequent value does not match the first, the account will suspend. This function helps to sear the banknotes of other denominations, currencies, as well as fake.

There are models of meters with the possibility of connecting external devices. For example, they can be supplemented with a remote display. This allows the client to see the operations that make a cashier.

The most important parameter is performance. It is mistaken to think that the meter is able to work continuously. If you have chosen a cheap model, and operate it for six hours a day, be prepared or for fast breakdowns, or just to reduce accuracy. If you want to buy an assistant, which would really serve the clock, then you need to prepare for big spends.

The usual finishing material for the walls, it can be safely called even the most popular. But the status of the most durable and durable finishes for them, for some reason, did not fix it. Although, in fact, the wallpaper is capable of listening to even dozens of years, without losing their successful appearance and tightly adjacent to the walls. To do this, you simply need to correctly select the material from which the wallpaper is made for a certain room, because different wallpapers perform different functions from a practical point of view.

The conditions in the premises can also differ radically, somewhere, for example, in the guest bedroom, the wallpaper is performed purely decorative function, but in the kitchen, they must confidently withstand the attack of the couple and splashes fat.

One of the most important tests for wallpaper is moisture, depending on the sustainability of it, among this type of wall decorations are distinguished:

• normal
• moisture-resistant
• washable
• washable brushes
• well washable brushed

Unstable to moisture wallpaper

We fear moisture, and even more waters. This is a very fragile finish. But such a material has one important advantage - its value. Paper wallpaper cheap, and therefore do not lose their popularity among more practical options. In addition, this species is characterized by high ecology, allowing the walls to "breathe".

Textile wallpapers, too, should not be subject to testing water, because they can change the color and shape ..

Use both kinds of rooms with high humidity or rooms with a possible way on them is undesirable. Wallpapers can be covered with bubbles, deform, disconnect or change the drawing. But the variety of colors and patterns can incarnate unusual ideas and solutions in the interior. Use paper and textile wallpapers in dry rooms with low wall resistance, then they will serve for a long time and will delight you. Caring for them must necessarily be dry, without wet wipes, etc.

Moisture-resistant

Well tolerate moisture, they are not deformed and do not disappear, such surfaces can be easily wiped with a wet rag, but it is not recommended to wash them with detergents. To this kind may relate. In addition to the paper layer, there is a layer of phlizelin, which gives elasticity and strength to wallpaper, contributes to the simplicity of sticking and long-term service. But, as we indicated above, wash them with detergent is still dangerous.

Washable

Modern manufacturers take into account the needs of buyers, so practical and simple in sticking flieslinic wallpapers are also available in versions that you can wash. Such wallpapers are covered with a protective layer of polymers or other materials, so they can not be wiped with a damp cloth, but also safely remove pollution with non-aggressive detergents and not be afraid of hitting. But still the phlizelin wallpaper is very soft and fragile, so it is dangerous to use the brush when cleaning.

Washable brushed wallpaper

Another option of wallpaper, which is not afraid of washing - acrylic wallpaper. This species consists of several layers of foamed polymer, so it can have a different texture. Soft acrylic wallpapers can be simply washed with water and gentle detergents, but there are more solid options, clean the dirt from which you can even with help. Manufacturers indicate these characteristics, so you do not have to guess the operation of wallpaper and care.

Well washes with brushed wallpaper

Well-washable with a brushed wallpaper - a specific finishing material, because it is a durable and practical, from the walls you can remove almost any contamination, but they are, like a plastic film, do not let moisture and air into the room through the walls. Therefore, it is worth using such types of wallpaper only in non-residential premises with high humidity or the likelihood of water entering. Depending on the material from which they are manufactured, they are:

• vinyl
• glass

They are considered one of the most durable, the top layer is covered with a film that fixes the drawing and protects it. Therefore, such wallpapers can be safely washed with a brush and detergent. But before choosing them, decide on their texture, because in the deepening of foamed volumetric vinyl wallpaper, dirt can fall, wash which is not so simple. For kitchens or places with high load it is better to use smooth wallpaper. In cleaning, vinyl wallpaper is considered one of the easiest and most durable, so if you choose the wallpaper for the room exposed to pollution, then this option will be suitable.

Gymelomes are also completely not afraid of water. They are well suited if cracked or irregularities appear on the walls, because they are very elastic. Microorganisms do not come in such wallpaper, and the variety of textures and colors is pleasantly surprising. In addition, they can be repainted many times. And to care for them is quite simple: you can wash them with a brush and special means, while they will serve you for many years.

Which option to choose is to solve you. But we tried to orient you on the issue of moisture resistance to wallpaper so that you use really suitable material in your repair.

• Rasch. 560 rub. Marbrug. 3 714 rub. Marbrug. 990 rub. BN. 2 730 rub. Euro Decor. 624 rubles.
• AS CREATION. 869 rub. Coswig 280 rubles. GRANDECO (Ideco) 1 200 rub. Vinyl wallpaper Grandeco (Ideco) Jack "N Rose LL-06-02-8 GRANDECO (Ideco) 1 370 rub. Vinyl wallpaper Grandeco (IDECO) Jack "N Rose LL-04-02-0 GRANDECO (Ideco) 1 300 rub.
• Rasch. 560 rub. AS CREATION. 869 rub. Marbrug. 2 190 rubles. Marbrug. 4 350 rub. Rasch. 949 rub.
• Marbrug. 4 350 rub. Zambaiti. 1 994 rub.

Computer Telephony Boards - How to Choose the Optimum Option?

It will be about PCI and PCI Express boards, which are widely used by small and medium telecom operators, Internet providers, contact centers, as well as system integrators in projects, where the flexibility of the solution is important, low price and good scalability.

Computer telephony boards are also called IP telephony cards, as well as FXO / FXS boards and E1 boards (depending on functionality). These cards are inserted into computer system boards connectors - PCI or PCI Express. The charges are connected analog (FXS or FXO) or digital (E1) telephone lines. Instead of the term "fee", the term "card" can be used, as well as the term "video card" also consumes the term "video card". The term "card" may seem more true, since IP telephony cards are often collected from several boards connected to each other or inserted into another.

What you need to consider when choosing the boards you want to use in the project

In our review we will touch the products of several companies playing IP telephony boards in Russia - Sangoma, OpenVox, KTS, Cronyx, Agat-RT, ATCOM, DIGIUM. Here we are discussing the technical parameters, and the summary table below will help to navigate in the ratios of prices and availability of boards on warehouses.

Form factor (size)

Some manufacturers produce part of the boards in one form factor, part in the other. If you make one project per year, it is hardly the commitment to the form factor to determine your choice, and if your business is units or even dozens of projects per year, then you will be easier to work with the supplier who always supplies you to payments of the necessary forms -Factor, no matter what telephone ports and in what quantity you need.

It rarely happens that you need to install the E1 or FXO / FXS fee into arbitrary equipment. Probably, you have already calculated the technical characteristics of the server, which will be used as a mini-PBX or gateway, and maybe even bought it. It will be hurt if you buy cards cheaper, and they will not fit into too small housing. Servers in 19 "width enclosures, intended for installation in the rack, usually require low-profile cards in them, no more than 2U height, and not all manufacturers are there.

PCI or PCI Express?

PCI tire motherboards were produced in several versions with a tire voltage 3.3 V and 5 V (modern motherboards support only 3.3 V). Many manufacturers make different fees for different PCI options and require a buyer at care when buying: a board designed for another bus voltage will refuse to work with "non-rigging" for it (and, most likely, it will simply fail to insert it into the connector). Other manufacturers of boards make them universal suitable for installation in PCI connectors with any power supply, with auto determination of voltage; Such cards and can work with any PCI option.

The PCI Express bus is most common in modern servers, while only one power option has. However, when you select PCI Express boards, you need to look at the length of the connector: PCI Express boards are available in the PCI EXPRESS X1, X2, X4 and X8 options. The greater the multiplier, the longer the connector. The buyer should be purchased to look at the connector where it is going to insert a board: if the connector on the server board is shorter than the connector on the card, the card does not work there, and it will not work. Some manufacturers specifically make their boards under the PCI Express X1 connector, as such fees can be installed in any system fee.

An important point is the availability of the desired board configuration for each of the tires: if the manufacturer releases the boards, suppose with four E1 ports for all PCI options and for PCI Express, then you are more free in the choice of equipment for your project: if you need to change more in the design process Dear new server with a PCI Express bus to a cheaper workstation with a PCI bus, redo the entire project and choose telephony cards with another ports do not have to.

Support Asterisk and other software mini-PBX

The very first and most common software mini-PBX is Asterisk. In addition to her there are several more products, gradually conquering the market. Among them are highlighted by Open Freeswitch, CallWeaver, Yate and Commercial 3CX. Boards of one manufacturers are equally easy to configure to work with any software, other boards are designed to work with a specific software mini-PBX and are tested only in working with it. Sometimes the system integrator simply does not have time to understand several models of boards, because the project must be completed urgently. In this case, it can be advantageous to buy a more expensive fee, the experience of the configuration of which you already have, than to choose different fees for each project.

Number of ports

All telephony cards are characterized by the maximum number of supported ports, this also applies to analog cards with FXS and FXO ports, and to digital cards with E1 ports. There are analog cards with support from 1 to 12, 16 and 24 ports and digital fees with support from 1 to 8 ports E1.

The more ports on the same board, the more profitable the purchase: first, if you already need many ports, it is enough to buy only one fee, secondly, if you still have enough ports to expand in the future, it will be much cheaper to expand in the future, and buy a new server Do not have.

The benefit is especially noticeable when buying boards with E1 ports: only 2 fees with 8 ports E1 each, allow to connect up to 16 E1 streams to one server.

Technical implementation

Based on the experience of experts, who were interviewed in the preparation of this article, it can be advised not to worry about these technical details if the project involves the work of the equipment in the random, and the server in which telephony fees are installed will not provide anything other than the transfer of voice and faxes.

Cards, especially multiports, should be designed to withstand high load. However, "must" does not mean that all manufacturers are so designed. For example, multiports of most manufacturers generate interrupt each time data arrives in one of the ports, while much more efficiently does not pull the processor every time the event has occurred on the port, but to generate an interrupt when the data has already gathered in several ports. At low load, the difference will be small, but if your server is a high-loaded mini-PBX with two or more E1 ports, the savings can be 10-20% of the processor time.

The presence of such smallness, and not always reflected in the technical documentation of the features, as the interrupt mechanism, the quality of the hardware echo pressure algorithm, the possibility of hardware recognition of DTMF codes and automatic hardware recognition of the transmitted faxes makes boards more profitable: the central processor can make the execution of those tasks that no one else It will not perform, and purely telephone functions will be transferred to the telephony board.

In the summary table below, you can compare small technical details of boards of different manufacturers and decide whether you are important than the release of CPU from purely telephone functions or not.

However, if the server is scheduled for voice mail, IVR, playing music to a person to respond to a subscriber, and especially the gateway to the GSM network, the central processor will definitely be occupied and so, and there is no need to load it additionally. In such a situation, a more advanced telephony fee that can take over to take more functions, will be a real salvation.

By the way, by planning the load on the server, as a rule, it should be relying that one server will perform purely telephone functions - channel switching, voice transmission and faxes, and the billing database, call logging, calls and other service information will be stored and processed on another computer . For small mini-PBXs into several FXS ports, this is not so important, but for larger configurations it is very desirable, since the processing operations go in real time, and I do not want anyone to disappear in the midst of talking due to the fact that The server decided to draw a DBMS cache background or search file with an old conversation.

EchoD.

About echo formation and reasons for the appearance of echo it is worth writing a separate article, and if you say short, then an echo is something that should not be in a conversation. For echoodulation, both terminal devices can be responsible for the telephones and the PBX equipment (on intercity lines, echoodales on the PBX in Russia are set since the time of the USSR).

In some cases, it is required that the elimination of echo take the mini-PBX. The best available echo apparatus equipment in telephony cards works with a frequency of 1024 counting per second, suppressing an echo appearing with a delay of up to 128 milliseconds.

The function of the echo cancellation may be operated by telephony, and maybe the software mini-PBX itself, for example, Asterisk. With the hardware echo-enabled software, the software should be turned off, and vice versa. The presence of hardware echo cancellation makes the fee more expensive, but the computer unloads. It is recommended to use hardware echo formation always when the number of simultaneous conversations exceeds 10-12, and for low-powerful or high-loaded computers it should be applied.

The introduction of IP telephony can be inhibited in various organizations due to the low quality of communication, and the cause of low quality can be a bad load calculation. If the main challenges of voice and echo formation shall be placed on the telephony fee, the quality has a good chance to grow and satisfaction will grow with it.

DTMF Recognition

On the chip performing hardware echoodulation, the DTMF codes hardware recognition is often assigned, which is important for IVR systems, since the tone set is used for transitions via voice menu - the same DTMF codes: "Press 1 to find out your balance, press 2 to Contact secretary. "

Modularity

For many card manufacturers with FXS / FXO ports, it is characterized by the use of modules. Most often, the module supports two FXS ports or two FXO ports, some manufacturers make "hybrid" modules - one FXS port and one FXO port on one module. Modules for Digium cards are sometimes called "mezzanines" (in general, mezzanine is any additional fee inserted into the main).

The more modules support one charge, the more convenient: let's say, for 12 FXO modules that support 24 FXO ports, just one modern telephony card is sufficient. Different manufacturers have such fees have different sizes, for example, not all of all these boards are installed in the 1U and 2U servers. Before buying it is worth learn the manufacturer's site, find out the exact size of the board, and measure the space inside your computer. If the motherboard is unsuccessful, then insert a long fee may prevent memory inserted perpendicular to PCI Express connectors.

Some manufacturers make telephony cards that support up to 24 FXO or FXS ports, but due to the overtakers of additional boards, and not due to the fact that the main board is long. Such short and wide builds can help if the server case is not contained enough.

The modules of one manufacturers are suitable only for part of the models in the product line, the modules of others - for all models. Between themselves, FXO / FXS modules of different manufacturers are incompatible (exception - OpenVox and Digium).

Drivers

Some card manufacturers provide them with compatibility only with Asterisk on any platforms, part is only for software for Linux. The most experienced manufacturers provide drivers and other useful software for all operating systems.

Fame community

Any technique requires careful handling: you need to carefully read the instructions, set the appropriate software and configure it as it requires a concrete case. Not everyone has enough experience, patience and qualifications to do all this right from the first time. Therefore, on the forums of IP-telephony specialists there is no penalty from beginners who ask new and new questions.

If you use little-known or unpopular solutions, then the tips from the guru should not be expected: at best, you will advise you to replace the equipment on a more studied community. This does not mean that this advice should be blindly followed, because the manufacturer, and the distributor of the new equipment for the equipment market can help figure out the problem. Sometimes it may be necessary to know English - if the manufacturer of the boards is in China, USA or Canada. Google Translate and Multitran will help. It's not worth the questions to ask questions, equally and buy unsuitable equipment only because of its fame.

Modern equipment changes quickly, only the company's approach remains constant to development. If the company started working with copying other samples of five years ago, in most cases, for the development of a high-quality independent product line, it will be required for quite many years. Remember: Toyota began production of cars on the American pattern in the 30s of the 20th century, and the present success reached only in the 80s ... Some companies that began in such a century (for example, AvtoVAZ) did not become manufacturers of modern high-quality cars, Despite colossal resources. Therefore, to buy products of domestic and Chinese manufacturers that copy circuitry and ideas of market pioneers, it is necessary to care: they are lower than that of North American competitors, but the quality of products and technical support can cause complaints.

Distributors in Russia

Digium - Mototelcom, PBX Design, It Connection
Sangoma - Halokwadrat
OpenVox - All4net

Manufacturers of boards in Russia

KTS - Voiptech
CRONYX - Cronymolha - Agat-RT

Summary Table

* Digium Molna Digium distributor has always considered the ATS Design company, which belongs to the PBXWare.ru website and with which a number of other people known and popular among IP telephones sites are closely related, including AsteriskForum.ru. On the Digium website as the only official distributor in Russia, the company "Mototelcom" is indicated. The company "PBX design" is indicated as a reseller. In St. Petersburg, the sale of Digium boards is engaged in the company IT-Connection, which is also positioned as an official distributor, although the Digium site does not confirm this status. All these companies have warehouses in Russia, but whether it is possible to guarantee the presence of the maps required to you in stock, you should specify in the relevant companies.

OpenVox boards are quite accurate Digium clones at a lesser price, but inferior to them in two moments: first, OpenVox makes the digium boards not immediately after the release of a new model, and a few months later, secondly, some technical differences are still available .

For example, in a relatively fresh study (April 11, 2010), which was conducted in Israel (a detailed report on it) It turned out that the OpenVox boards sometimes lose the interrupts of IRQ, which leads to the fallout of the words in the conversation, while the Digium fees work stable .

In the same study, it was noted that with a high load of the OpenVox card with one port E1 lost up to 7% of calls, and while simultaneously processing multiple calls, the processor load from OpenVox significantly exceeds the system loading in which the DIGIUM board is installed.

In general, it is noticed that cheaper boards are weaker than the load.

The production of telephony boards is not the main business of KTS, apparently, therefore on the Internet, and in personal communication I had to hear complaints about bad technical support and the fact that the likelihood of buying a non-working or poorly working fee is quite high.

OLHHA fees are usually produced as standard, but you can order them in a special design, then on the same board you can put up to 64 FXS / FXO ports or up to 8 ports E1. The number and price of the boards in this order should be discussed with the manufacturer individually.