The speech of the hero Taras Bulba. "Taras Bulba" - Cossack songs and texts for memorization. Analysis of Taras Bulba's speech

09.04.2022

Let's remember the story of N.V. Gogol "Taras Bulba" which we all went through in school. This story shows the struggle of the Zaporizhzhya Cossacks against the Polish gentry, who oppressed the Little Russian culture and tried to plant their traditions, customs, and faith. In other words - the struggle of the Slavs against the oppression of the West(against the same Catholicism, Freemasonry, the desire for unlimited power). Here is a quote from the story - these are the words of the protagonist, which describe the situation in Ukraine at that time.

Has the situation changed over the past century? It is not difficult to draw conclusions.

There is no bond more holy than fellowship! A father loves his child, a mother loves her child, a child loves his father and mother. But this is not the case, brothers: even the beast loves its child. But only one person can be related by kinship by soul, and not by blood. There were comrades in other lands, but there were no such comrades as in the Russian land. It happened to you more than one to disappear in a foreign land; you see - and there are people! also a man of God, and you will talk with him as with your own; but when it comes to telling a heartfelt word, you see: no, smart people, but not those; the same people, but not the same! No, brothers, love like a Russian soul,-love not only with the mind or anything else, but with everything that God has given, whatever is in you, and ... - said Taras, and waved his hand, and shook his gray head, and blinked his mustache, and said: - No, no one can love like that!

(!!!) I know that mean things have now begun on our land; they only think that they have stacks of grain, stacks and their horse herds, so that their sealed honey would be intact in the cellars. They adopt the devil knows what busurman customs; they abhor their tongue; his own does not want to talk to his own; he sells his own, as they sell a soulless creature in a trading market. The mercy of a foreign king, and not even a king, but the foul mercy of a Polish magnate who beats them in the face with his yellow shoe, is dearer to them than any brotherhood. But the last one, whatever he is, even though he was all covered in soot and in worship, he also has, brothers, a grain of Russian feeling. And someday it will wake up, and it will hit, miserable, on the floor with its hands, grab itself by the head, loudly cursing its vile life, ready to atone for the shameful deed with torment. Let them all know what partnership means in the Russian land! If it comes to that, to die, then none of them will ever die like that! .. No one, no one! .. They don’t have enough mouse nature for that!”

Do you think that the current situation is fundamentally different from the one described by Gogol? Then read carefully the last paragraph of this quote. And replace the word "Polish" on word "west".

And it turns out that Gogol can rightly be considered a visionary.

Sections: Literature

Class: 7

Lesson Objectives: consider the speech of Taras Bulba from a rhetorical position, show its compositional significance and role for revealing the character of Taras Bulba, introduce the elements of rhetorical analysis of speech, continue to form, collect and systematize material to characterize a literary hero; cultivate a sense of love for the motherland.

Lesson equipment Keywords: illustrations for the story, speech analysis plan, painting reproduction, reference literature, dictionaries.

During the classes

Introduction by the teacher. We read the story of N.V. Gogol "Taras Bulba". Many-sided pictures of the life of the Zaporizhzhya freemen appeared before us, a dazzling variety of original characters of “proud and strong, like lions, warriors” who bravely defended their lands. Such is Taras Bulba.

Here he is riding with his young sons across the steppe to the glorious Zaporozhye. How beautiful is the steppe on which they travel! Strongly and tenderly loves this steppe, and all his homeland Taras. He knows nothing higher than this love for the Fatherland, there is nothing for him higher than the Cossacks, military friendship. And when the Cossacks made him their chieftain and the Sich was preparing to give the enemy a battle, Taras Bulba could not resist, said a speech to the Cossacks - he wanted to express everything that was in his heart.

It is this speech, Taras Bulba's speech about partnership, that is the focus of our attention in the lesson. We will consider it from a rhetorical standpoint (from the point of view of the category of invention), we will try to understand what place this speech occupies in the composition of the story and what role it plays in revealing the character of Taras Bulba, how Taras Bulba confirms its justice with his convictions, his life and even death.

Student's message about the painting by I.E. Repin “Zaprozhtsy”

Perhaps not a single picture of I.E. Repin did not become as popular as The Cossacks. Each artist has his own theme, which runs through all his work, like a leading melody in a symphony. Such a defining theme for Repin was the theme of a heroic people, mighty in spirit and flesh. This theme was not at all new, but in Repin it sounded fresh and original. But only in "The Zaporozhians" did Repin succeed, using a historical plot, to show the revealed forces of the people. The artist dedicated his monumental canvas to the free, freedom-loving Zaporozhye knights.

The picture is based on a real historical event. End of 17th century. 1676. The Turkish Sultan Mahmud 4 sends a “terrible letter” to the Cossacks, in which he urges them to surrender voluntarily and without resistance. The Cossacks did not remain in debt. They sent the Sultan a biting, mischievous reply, full of humor and courage.

Repin depicts the Cossacks at the moment when they, huddled at a roughly knocked together table, vied with each other to compose the famous letter to the Turkish Sultan. It is compiled by “the whole world”, everyone wants to insert something of their own, and this is shown so expressively that it seems as if there is a rumble of voices above the picture and the air is shaking from thunderous “knightly laughter”.

The composition of the picture presents the viewer with a close, close-knit group of people, united in their thoughts and deeds. One involuntarily recalls lines from Gogol's "Taras Bulba": "There were comrades in other lands, but there were no such comrades as in the Russian land." It is no coincidence that the well-known critic Stasov wrote about the picture: “You love powerful, energetic, strong, invincible people who always and everywhere stand up for themselves, and on whom others can rely, like a stone mountain.” These are the “Cossacks” of Repin.

Such is Taras Bulba, the protagonist of Gogol's story of the same name.

Interview with students.

Describing the work of Gogol, VG Belinsky wrote: “Tell me, what impression does each story of Gogol make on you first of all? Doesn’t it make you say: “How simple, ordinary, natural and true it all is, and at the same time how original and new!”

“Original and new”... What rhetorical category can we use these words to characterize? (Invention).
What does it mean to "invent speech?" (It means to create. Invention is creativity, and all creativity is a mystery to a certain extent. Rhetoric helps to find only approaches to this mystery.).
What do you think this means? (There must be something new in every statement, one must look for one's own vision of the subject of speech. The absence of a new one, from the point of view of rhetoric, leads to failure.)
What sources of the invention of speech do you know? (“Common places”, or “topics”).
What “topic” are you already familiar with? (Definition)
What definitions do you know? (Logical and rhetorical).
What is the difference between a logical definition and a rhetorical one?
On the board you see the definition of the word “partnership”. What is it? (Boolean). Partnership - mutual relations between members of a team and the duties of each in relation to others.
And how does Taras Bulba define this concept in his speech? (Partnership is kinship not by soul, but by blood).
What is this definition? (rhetorical).

Speech by Taras Bulba. Reading by heart.

Experience in rhetorical analysis of speech.

Teacher's word. So, let's turn to the speech of Taras Bulba, try to reveal the secret of the idea - this is the first step towards a rhetorical analysis of the text. There are questions for you to answer.

1. Analysis of the situation.

2. What spiritual values are important to the speaker?

3. Position of the speaker.

4. Characteristics of the addressee of the speech.

The key concept and its essential features, reflecting the position of the speaker.

6. Tasks of the statement.

7. Thesis (the main idea of the statement).

8. What caused the need to speak?

9. Evaluation of the impact of speech on listeners.

Experience of literary analysis of speech.

1. The word of the teacher. The most important phrases that we noted while performing rhetorical analysis, I wrote on the blackboard. These are the following phrases:

“But there were no such comrades as in the Russian land. There is no bond more holy than fellowship! But only one person can be related by kinship by soul, and not by blood. If it comes to that, to die, then none of them will ever die like that!”

Questions for the literary analysis of speech.

1. Why does Taras give a speech before the fight?

2. Look at the phrases written on the board and answer the following questions.

3. What is the peculiarity of the Russian partnership?

4. What episode can confirm your conclusion?

5. What feelings does Taras feel when he sees Andriy at the head of the enemy army.

6. We read the following words: “There are no ties holier than fellowship”?

And we answer the questions “How do these words explain the act of Taras?”

7. Retell the episode “The Execution of Ostap”.

8. Let's read the episode “The Death of Taras” and answer the question: “Whom can Taras be compared to in his last battle”?

Summing up the lesson

1. Conclusion from the literary analysis of speech: in the image of Taras Bulba, love for the native country, the dream of freedom, fearlessness, great moral strength, the desire for a feat, the willingness to sacrifice oneself to a lofty idea are combined. We can find all these character traits in the speech of Taras Bulba. This speech is evidence of his wisdom, patriotic feelings, pride and courage, vast life experience and passionate conviction in the rightness of his cause.

2. Conclusion from the rhetorical analysis of speech: in order to know the secrets of the “invention”, you don’t need to meet anyone, you don’t need to move at all, you just need time, a book and a desire to think about it. This is not as easy as it might seem at first glance: one can never say that the goal has been achieved, for each solved mystery there is a new one, because a work of art is inexhaustible.

3. The final word of the teacher. V. G. Belinsky about “Taras Bulba”:

“What is Taras Bulba? This is a representative of the life of the people, the life of an entire political society in a certain era of life. He loved his native Ukraine and knew nothing higher and more beautiful than the daring Cossacks, because he felt both in every drop of his blood.

Homework.

Write a short speech “Appeal to friends”, in which to express your attitude to the feeling of friendship and brotherhood.

Integrated lesson of literature and rhetoric on the topic:

"Taras Bulba's speech about partnership"

The objectives of the lesson: to consider the speech of Taras Bulba from a rhetorical position, to show its compositional significance and role for revealing the character of Taras Bulba; introduce the elements of rhetorical analysis of speech, continue the formation of the ability to collect and systematize material to characterize a literary hero; cultivate a sense of love for the Motherland.

Equipment: illustrations for the story, a plan for rhetorical analysis of speech.

During the classes:

1. Introductory speech of the teacher.

We read the story of Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol "Taras Bulba". Many-sided pictures of the life of the Zaporizhzhya freemen appeared before us, a dazzling variety of original characters “proud and strong like lions of warriors” who bravely defended their lands. Such is Taras Bulba.

Here he is riding with his young sons across the steppe to the glorious Zaporozhye. How beautiful is the steppe on which they travel! Strongly and tenderly loves this steppe, and all his homeland Taras. He knows nothing higher than this love for the motherland, there is nothing for him higher than the Cossacks, military friendship. And when the Cossacks made him theirs and the Sich was preparing to give the enemy a battle, Taras Bulba could not resist, he spoke to the Cossacks - he wanted to express everything that was in his heart.

It is this speech, Taras Bulba's speech about partnership, that is the focus of our attention in the lesson. We will consider it from a rhetorical position (in terms of the category of invention), we will try to understand what role it plays in revealing the character of Taras Bulba, how Taras Bulba confirms its justice with his convictions, his life and even death.

2. Conversation with students.

Describing the work of Gogol, Vissarion Grigoryevich Belinsky wrote: “Tell me, does each story of Mr. Gogol make an impression on you first of all? Doesn't it make you say: "How simple, ordinary, natural and true it all is, and together, how original and new!"

"Original and new" ... To characterize which rhetorical category can we use these words? (Invention.) What does it mean to "invent speech?" (It means to create. Invention is creativity, and all creativity is a mystery to a certain extent. Rhetoric helps to find only approaches to this mystery. There is a rhetorical ban on the creation of uncreative speech.) What do you think this means? (There must be something new in every statement, you need to look for your own subject of speech. The absence of a new one, from the point of view of rhetoric, leads to failure.) What sources of invention do you know? (“Common places” or “topics.”) Which “topic” are you already familiar with? (“Definition.”) What definitions do you know? (Logical and rhetorical.) How does a logical definition differ from a rhetorical one? On the board you see the definition of the word partnership. What is it? (Logical.) Partnership - mutual relations between members of a team and the duties of each in relation to others. And how does Taras Bulba define this concept in his speech? (Partnership is “kinship by soul, not by blood”) What is this definition? (Rhetorical.) Experience of rhetorical analysis of speech.

So, let's turn to the speech of Taras Bulba, try to reveal the secret of the idea, this is the first step towards a rhetorical analysis of speech. There are questions for you to answer.

Analysis of the situation. What prompted the need to act? What spiritual values are important to the speaker? The speaker's position. Characteristics of speech. The key concept and its essential features, reflecting the position of the speaker. The tasks of utterance. Thesis (the main idea of the statement). Assessing the interaction of speech on listeners.

Suggested answers

The speech was delivered before the battle, after the army was divided into two parts. The need to speak is caused by the awareness of the duty to the people who entrusted him with the decision of an important matter, the desire to express what was in the heart. Love for the Motherland, for faith, for the customs of the people, language, culture, for comrades in arms, readiness to give one's life for the Motherland. Acts like a patriot. Cossacks, his associates. He represents well the people to whom he is to speak. Russian comradeship: faith, soul kinship, holy bonds, boundless love for the Motherland, rejection of evil, readiness to give one's life for a comrade and for the Motherland. Show that the strength of the Cossacks is in their unity; to convince of the rightness of their cause, to arouse the desire to defend the Motherland. "There is no bond more sacred than fellowship." “I disassembled such a speech strongly, reaching far, to the very heart.”

Children work individually, then in pairs. Options are discussed, compared with the sample.

Why did speech have such an interaction? (Taras spoke about what the Cossacks understood. All Cossacks, old and young, are united by a common feeling of love for the Motherland and a common desire to defend it.)

4. Experience of literary analysis of speech.

The most important phrases that we noted while performing rhetorical analysis, I wrote on the blackboard. Once again pay attention to them: they will be useful to us for further work.

Why does Taras give a speech before the fight? (He knows how to unite and cheer people up with an aptly and timely spoken word, he wanted to express everything that was on his heart at this tense and difficult moment.) Pay attention to the phrases written on the board. We read the first phrase: "... But there were no comrades like in the Russian land." What is the peculiarity of the Russian partnership? (United, the Cossacks defended their land with common efforts. Unity, community, brotherhood, camaraderie in the minds of the Cossacks was associated with the idea of successfully confronting the enemies of their free life on their land.) Find an episode that confirms our conclusion. (All at once burst into seven-bladed squeaks ... ")

He who violates the covenants of his comrades is an enemy of the Cossacks, because he undermines their strength. Here is an illustration.

What episode is shown here? (Murder of Andrii). What feelings does Taras feel when he sees Andriy at the head of the enemy detachment? (Excitement, anger, shock.)

We read the following words: “There are no ties holier than fellowship!”, “But only one person can be related by kinship by soul, and not by blood.”

How do these words explain Taras' act? (Having spent his whole life in military campaigns, he has not only lost the habit of peaceful life - his consciousness has undergone a change; the bonds of camaraderie are dearer to him than the bonds of kinship. The worst crime for Taras is betrayal of the Fatherland, the common cause, therefore a traitor is worthy of death, even if he is a son .) Retell the episode "The Execution of Ostap". (Knowing that the Poles are worth two thousand chervonets for his head, Taras goes to Warsaw in a cart under stones to support Ostap, to see him again, to say at least one word to him. And he will say this word, for the sake of him he risked Ostap's life, dressed in someone else's dress, gave all his gold pieces - so that the son knew that his father was nearby, at the last hour of death he did not leave him.) Let's read the following words written on the board: “If it comes to that to die, then none of they won't get to die like that!"

Reading the episode "Death of Taras".

With whom can Taras be compared in his last battle? (With an epic hero.) Name the epic storytelling and image means.

5. Summing up the lesson.

The conclusion from the literary analysis of speech: in the image of Taras Bulba, love for the native country, the dream of freedom, fearlessness, great moral strength, the desire for a feat, the willingness to sacrifice oneself to a lofty idea are combined. We can find all these character traits in Taras's speech about partnership. This speech is evidence of his wisdom and patriotic feelings. Pride and courage, great life experience and passionate conviction in the rightness of their cause.

The conclusion from the rhetorical analysis of speech: in order to know the secrets of "invention", you do not need to meet anyone. You don't need to move at all, you just need time. The book and the desire to think about it. This is not as easy as it might seem at first glance: you can never say that the goal has been achieved, for every mystery solved, a new one arises, because a work of art is inexhaustible.

6. Homework.

Write a short speech “Appeal to friends”, in which to express your attitude to the feeling of friendship and brotherhood.

... - I would like to tell you, gentlemen, what our partnership is. You heard from your fathers and grandfathers in what honor our land was for everyone: and let the Greeks know itself, and took chervonets from Tsargrad, and the cities were magnificent, and temples, and princes, princes of the Russian family, their princes, and not Catholic distrust . Busurmans took everything, everything was lost. Only we remained, orphans, yes, like a widow after a strong husband, orphan, just like we, our land! This is the time when we, comrades, laid a hand on the brotherhood! That's what our partnership stands for! There is no bond more holy than fellowship! A father loves his child, a mother loves her child, a child loves his father and mother. But this is not the case, brothers: even the beast loves its child. But only one person can be related by kinship by soul, and not by blood. There were comrades in other lands, but there were no such comrades as in the Russian land. It happened to you more than one to disappear in a foreign land; you see - and there are people! also a man of God, and you will talk with him as with your own; but when it comes to telling a heartfelt word, you see: no, smart people, but not those; the same people, but not the same! No, brothers, love like the Russian soul - love not only with the mind or anything else, but with everything that God has given, whatever is in you, but ... - said Taras, and waved his hand, and shook his gray head, and blinked his mustache and said: “No, no one can love like that!” I know that vile things have now begun on our land; they only think that they have stacks of grain, stacks and their horse herds, so that their sealed honey would be intact in the cellars. They adopt the devil knows what busurman customs; they abhor their tongue; his own does not want to talk to his own; he sells his own, as they sell a soulless creature in a trading market. The mercy of a foreign king, and not even a king, but the foul mercy of a Polish magnate who beats them in the face with his yellow shoe, is dearer to them than any brotherhood. But the last scoundrel, whatever he is, even though he was all covered in soot and in worship, there is also a grain of Russian feeling in him, brothers. And someday it will wake up, and it will hit, miserable, on the floor with its hands, grab itself by the head, loudly cursing its vile life, ready to atone for the shameful deed with torment. Let them all know what partnership means in the Russian land! If it comes to that, to die, then none of them will ever die like that!.. No one, no one!

Taras Bulba. Feature film based on the novel by N. V. Gogol, 2009

(See summary and full text of Gogol's story "Taras Bulba".)

".... And when everything was done as it should be, he made a speech to the Cossacks, not in order to encourage and refresh them, - he knew that he was already strong in spirit, - but, simply, he himself wanted to express everything that was in the heart.

“I would like to tell you, gentlemen, what our partnership is like. You heard from your fathers and grandfathers in what honor our land was for everyone: it let the Greeks know itself, and took gold coins from Constantinople, and the cities were magnificent, and temples, and princes, princes of the Russian family, their princes, and not Catholic incredulous . Busurmans took everything, everything was gone. Only we remained orphans, yes, like a widow after a strong husband, orphan just like us, our land! This is the time when we, comrades, laid a hand on the brotherhood! That's what our partnership stands for! There is no bond more holy than fellowship! A father loves his child, a mother loves her child, a child loves his father and mother. But this is not the case, brothers: even the beast loves its child. But only one person can be related by kinship by soul, and not by blood.

There were comrades in other lands, but there were no such comrades as in the Russian land. It happened to you more than one to disappear in a foreign land; You see, there are people! Also god man and talk to him as to your own; but when it comes to telling a heartfelt word, you see: no, smart people, but not those; the same people, but not the same! No, brothers, love like the Russian soul - love not only with the mind or anything else, but with everything that God has given, whatever is in you, but ... - said Taras, and waved his hand, and shook his gray his head, and his mustache blinked, and said: - No, no one can love like that! I know that vile things have now begun on our land; they only think that they have stacks of grain, stacks and their horse herds, so that their sealed honey would be intact in the cellars. They adopt, the devil knows what busurman customs; they abhor their tongue; his own does not want to talk to his own; he sells his own, as they sell a soulless creature in a trading market. The mercy of a foreign king, and not even a king, but the meager mercy of a Polish magnate who beats them in the face with his yellow shoe, is dearer to them than any brotherhood. But the last scoundrel, whatever he is, even though he was all covered in soot and in worship, there is also a grain of Russian feeling in him, brothers. And someday it will wake up, and it will hit, miserable, on the floor with its hands, it will grab itself by the head, loudly cursing its vile life, ready to atone for the shameful deed with torments. Let them all know what partnership means in the Russian land! If it comes to that, to die, then none of them will ever die like that!.. No one, no one!

Thus spoke the ataman, and when he finished his speech, he was still shaking his head, silvered in Cossack affairs. Everyone who was standing was greatly dissected by such a speech, which reached far, to the very heart. The oldest in the ranks became motionless, their gray heads bowed to the ground; a tear quietly rolled in old eyes; they slowly wiped it away with their sleeves. And then everyone, as if by agreement, waved their hands at the same time and shook their experienced heads. To know, apparently, old Taras reminded them a lot of a friend and the best that happens in the heart of a person who is wise by grief, work, prowess and all the hardships of life, or although he did not know them, but who sensed a lot with his young pearl soul for the eternal joy of elder parents who bore him."

Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol "TARAS BULBA"