Pouring the foundation for the gazebo. How to make a foundation for a gazebo with your own hands - detailed instructions. Concrete preparation

27.01.2022

A monolithic foundation for a gazebo will be the best option. Here, the costs will not be high and the speed of production at altitude. After all, you won’t make the foundation for a gazebo from blocks, it’s quite expensive. A simple foundation is not difficult to do and quickly.

You can also make a foundation of pipes for a gazebo, if you have unnecessary trimmings. This will be reinforcement. Such a foundation for a brick gazebo is exactly right, because the weight of the structure is then quite large. The video in this article will help you understand the installation process in detail.

It is not so difficult to pick up a simple foundation for a gazebo, you just need to take into account all the details of the design. Let's deal with this issue in more detail.

What is strip foundation

In individual construction, strip foundations are used most often. They are made of reinforced concrete or concrete.

So:

Such foundations absolutely accurately reproduce the shape of the bearing walls of the building and have the same thickness around the entire perimeter.
These foundations are erected for buildings that have heavy brick, expanded clay concrete, concrete, cinder block and stone walls. They are erected under the load-bearing walls of the building. This requires some excavation work, and also leads to additional consumption of building materials (when compared, for example, with a columnar foundation).
Despite this, a strip foundation will be the best option if there is a warm underground or basement, basement, garage under the house.
Strip foundations are divided into prefabricated and monolithic. When erecting the latter with the help of an excavator or manually, a trench is dug, having the necessary width for arranging the foundation.

Attention: In most cases, the width is from 40 to 80 centimeters. The trench on each side should be approximately 10 cm wider than the foundation itself. This is necessary to place the formwork in which the concrete mix will be placed in the trench.

The main advantage of tape monolithic foundations is the following: they can withstand heavy loads and be used for the construction of buildings of any shape.
With the work of builders and all materials, the cost of 1 linear meter of this type of foundation will be about $ 315.
Strip prefabricated foundations are connected reinforced concrete or concrete blocks. They are laid on the mortar and pulled together with strong steel wire. This type of foundation is built very quickly and is extremely durable. The service life of the prefabricated foundation is about 150 years. At the moment, its cost is quite high (1 linear meter of this 1 block wide foundation with the work of builders and all necessary materials is estimated at $ 200).
Strip precast foundations are usually used to create buildings that have the simplest forms, since blocks of a standard size will have to be cut off for more complex architectural projects.
It is rational to use such a foundation in the construction of buildings such as a gazebo. Here, the price of the structure will be quite low and everything can be done by hand.

Attention: Such a foundation for a gazebo made of timber is perfect. But if you make a foundation for a gazebo with a barbecue, then it will be necessary to reinforce it.

Now you have an idea of how to make a strip foundation for a gazebo, let's now look at other types.

Pillar foundations

A gazebo on a high foundation will be required if it is in a lowland and must be understood above the soil level. Then water during precipitation will not fall. The main structural elements of this type of foundation are, as the name suggests, pillars.

The financial and labor costs associated with the installation of a columnar foundation are one and a half, and sometimes two times less than when using a strip foundation.

Attention: The columnar foundation is the best choice for the construction of arbors, which have light cobbled, frame, chopped walls.

So:

The construction of this type of foundation requires the installation of pillars under the intersection of the outer walls with the inner ones and among themselves, under all the outer corners of the construction of the pillars.
The pillars are installed with a specific step size (from 1.2 to 2.5 m - depending on the possible load directly on the foundation) around the entire perimeter of the building.
Strapping beams are laid on top. If the distance between the stand-alone columnar foundations exceeds 2.5-3 meters, then massive rand beams made of metal or reinforced concrete should be laid on top.
The material from which the pillars are made determines their minimum cross section. For example, the cross section of pillars made of rubble concrete, concrete, as well as buta flagstone, is 40 cm, brick pillars installed above ground level - 38 cm (25 cm when dressed with a fence), natural stone - 60 cm.

brick foundations

Such a foundation is erected using masonry from ordinary normally fired solid bricks. In this case, a cement-lime or cement mortar is used.

So:

The thickness of such a foundation is a multiple of the size of one brick - 38, 51 or 64 cm. Making a brick foundation is impractical when performing construction work under normal conditions.
The operational life of a brick is quite small - about 40 years. This material is also not very resistant to aggressive wet environments.
Based on this, we can say that a brick foundation is the most suitable solution for building a building in an area where groundwater occurs at a depth of more than 1 meter.

Attention: To reduce the costs associated with the arrangement of this type of foundation, you can use not a new brick, but a used one.

Slab foundations

This type of foundation is quite widely used in modern construction. A slab foundation is a lattice or solid slab, which is made of special cross-precast reinforced concrete beams with a capital seal in the butt joints, or monolithic reinforced concrete.

Attention: Usually the area of such a foundation is equal to the area of \u200b\u200bthe entire building. It is best used when building on highly and unevenly compressible, subsidence and heaving soils. For this reason, quite often the slab foundation is called "floating".

The use of a foundation of this type is entirely justified when building on sandy-clay soils, where groundwater occurs at a depth of less than 1 meter from the surface, and when building multi-storey buildings on sandy-clay soil. These foundations withstand both vertical and horizontal ground movements.

The undeniable advantages of slab foundations are:

Possibility of construction in heavy subsidence, mobile and heaving soils.
Ease of erection.

The disadvantages of these foundations include:

Pretty solid waste, which is associated with a high consumption of concrete and metal reinforcement (the construction of 1 square meter of slab foundation, taking into account all the necessary work, will cost approximately $ 145). But if you have a large gazebo with a barbecue, then it will undoubtedly justify itself.

Pile foundations

Such foundations consist of piles covered from above with a concrete / reinforced concrete slab or a beam (grillage). The arrangement of these foundations is quite laborious, therefore, it is used very rarely in individual housing construction. It can only be done if you have a fairly capacious gazebo and is attached to the house.

Attention: Pile foundations are suitable for the construction of buildings on soft ground, when a significant load must be transferred. Such foundations can transfer the load from the building to deeper soils with higher strength.

Currently, piles are made from various materials: steel, reinforced concrete, wood and concrete. They can also be combined. Piles are driven (they are lowered into the soil in a completely finished form) and stuffed (made directly in channels drilled in the ground).

Based on the type of behavior of piles in the ground, the following types are distinguished:

Hanging piles. They are used in the case of solid ground at a considerable depth.

Piles-racks. They are used when they have solid ground directly under them, to which they transfer pressure from the building.

The most economical are wooden piles, however, they quickly rot when they are installed in wet ground. The service life of wooden piles does not exceed 10 years. Reinforced concrete piles are much more durable.

Their service life reaches 150 years. They are intended for the construction of multi-storey structures and buildings.

Pile foundations have the following advantages:

They are more economical compared to other types of foundations due to reduced material consumption.

Have less shrinkage.

There is a possibility of their application on soils characterized by low bearing capacity.

Attention: The main disadvantage of this foundation is the need to use special equipment during its construction.

Depth calculation for laying the foundation

When building a foundation, it is imperative to correctly calculate the depth for its laying:

It primarily depends on the features of the relief. The nature and magnitude of possible loads should also be taken into account. Therefore, the foundations are divided into recessed (profile) and slightly or shallowly recessed.

The last foundations made of concrete are built at a depth of about half a meter. Profiles are located below the soil freezing mark. This mark is determined by specialists. Shallow foundations are ideal for the construction of panel and frame light houses and other outbuildings.

For the construction of heavy gazebos made of brick-lined wood or brick, profile foundations are used. This leads to the fact that the cost of such a foundation can be equal to the cost of building the entire building.

What foundation to make under the gazebo, you decide without a doubt. Look at the photo. Instructions for the manufacture of any of them are on the pages of our website. If you have a heavy structure and also a stationary barbecue, then without a doubt you will need to make the foundation quite powerful. The most important thing is to do it well.

Manufacturing

Columnar foundation made of wood or metal

Let's consider in more detail how to make the foundation for a columnar gazebo. The base of the columnar type becomes the best way for arbors made of metal and wood.

Attention: In such a situation, it is necessary to build only vertical bearing supports, and instead of the grillage, we use either the first crown of the wooden structure or the last beam of the metal structure.

So:

On the site, we mark the contours of the future structure, using a square, a rope and metal milestones for such purposes. The first milestone marks one corner of the gazebo.

Then the next corner is marked with the second milestone and a measured piece of rope, which is equal to the length of the foundation.

The third and fourth milestones are marked with a square and a measured cut of the rope, in this case equal to the width of the foundation.

Then, as the markings were made, it is necessary to remove the primary soil layer of about 20 - 30 centimeters. This layer contains a large amount of organic matter and this can affect the "health" of the basement of the gazebo in a very bad way.

Attention: When marking, it is imperative to measure the diagonals; a simple nylon thread is suitable for this. Just be sure to take measurements. If not done correctly, this will affect the subsequent configuration of the entire structure.

After the site has been cleared, it is necessary to begin the arrangement of columnar supports. First, you need to first remove the milestones. In the corners of the foundation section, 4 pits are dug, the size of which is 42x42 cm and the depth is from 60 to 90 cm.

If necessary, the same pits are constructed between the extreme supports, in increments of 2 meters.

Then, 20 cm of sand are poured into the pits - a softening pillow, on the surface of which a rectangular piece of roofing material (60x60 centimeters) is placed.

Then, according to the size of the roofing material, a 15-centimeter concrete slab is poured, this will become the sole of the future pillar. To do this, mix the cement mortar with the stone. To do this, you can use any rubble that is on the site.

The next stage begins after about three to four days, after the concrete has partially hardened. It is given to the laying of a vertical support - a pillar, which is constructed from concrete blocks or bricks.

At the same time, the method of constructing the support looks appropriate: a layer of setting mortar is placed on the sole, namely, a part of cement + four parts of sand, on the surface of which two bricks are placed, placing them parallel to each other.

Then, another layer of mortar is placed on these bricks and two more bricks oriented in the transverse direction relative to the bottom layer.

Such an operation lasts entirely until the foundation pillar is at the required height.

After the last pillar is built, the first crowns or beams of the gazebo are mounted on top of the supports. After all that has been done, walls, roofing and flooring are erected.

Pile foundation for wooden and metal arbors

Pile gazebos may be built on unstable soil with a significant depth of soil freezing. Thus, based on this type, the best option would be to place either wooden or metal gazebos.

So:

Since the beam device of the first and second types of small architectural forms allows not to use the construction of some grillage.

The design of pile foundations for small architectural forms involves the use of inexpensive bored or screw supports.

At the same time, in the first situation, the support is made from a steel, casing pipe, and in the second, from an asbestos-cement, sewer pipe.

Installation of the pile foundation is carried out in the following way:

When the first stage begins, the same marking and cleaning of the required area from the fertile soil is done.

At the next stage, holes are drilled in the corners for asbestos-cement supports marked with milestones.

In the third stage, a layer of crushed stone is poured into the prepared wells, it is rammed and 15-20 cm of concrete is poured.

Then an asbestos pipe is inserted into the hole. Screw piles do not need such procedures - they are introduced into the ground to the required depth.

At the next stage, 4-5 rods are inserted into the empty body of the pipe and filled with concrete.

Attention: At the same time, such a stage becomes mandatory, since, when cultivating the foundation for a gazebo from pipes, you need to know that the ends of these elements must be carefully concreted. Otherwise, moisture will get into the inner cavity of the pipe and destroy the support during the first big frosts.

After the reinforcement and pouring of the supports have been carried out, the first beam is laid on top of the structure, strengthening the horizontal and vertical beams with clamps.

Slab foundation for a wooden, stone or metal gazebo

We will analyze in more detail how to make a foundation for a slab gazebo. The slab base is made with significant material and physical costs.

Therefore, the price of such a design will not be small. But the result of such work reaches the wildest expectations - this foundation will withstand not only a frame, light gazebo, but also a painful, brick structure.

The foundation slab for the gazebo is done as follows:

In the beginning, standard work is done - marking the site and clearing the fertile soil. Then, within the boundaries of the base, they dig a pit, plunging into the ground by 50 - 60 cm.

After the construction of the pit, in the inner part of the excavation, a formwork is made covering the entire territory of the future foundation.

As follows, a 25 cm layer of sand and the same layer of fine gravel are laid at the bottom of the pit - this is called a "cushion", which will protect the foundation from soil deformation.

A layer of roofing material is laid on top of the pillow, its ends are fixed on the inner walls of the formwork.

On top of the roofing material, it is possible to pour a 6 cm layer of rubble - it will protect the waterproofing from contact with the reinforcement.

Then a reinforcing frame is built, consisting of 10 mm rods connected in the form of a lattice with 25 cm cells.

Now how to fill the foundation under the gazebo. Concrete or a cement-sand mortar is poured into the formwork, performing a 35-centimeter fill that rises above the zero level of the soil.

Attention: for concrete to be more durable, it should be covered with a damp cloth. It must dry dry. Thus, it will turn out to be the most durable.

Foundation options for building a gazebo: a detailed description with a photo.

When building a garden gazebo, the first thing to consider is the foundation on which the future building will be installed. Wooden and metal arbors belong to light buildings, and a shallow foundation will be quite enough for such buildings, arbors made of brick or stone already require a stronger foundation, but in any case, in order for the arbor to last as long as possible, the foundation must be done correctly.

Foundation selection

For the construction of gazebos, you can use the following types of foundation - slab, tape, columnar.

Before deciding on the choice of foundation, you need to determine what type of soil is on your site, as well as the depth of soil freezing and the level of groundwater.

Sandy and rocky soils are the most favorable for construction; any type of foundation can be used on such soils, but a columnar or strip foundation type will be most practical.

If the site is located on clay, subsidence soils, the so-called quicksand, then it is better to use a slab foundation for the gazebo.

It is very important to know the depth of soil freezing, the moisture in the soil during freezing causes swelling of the upper layers of the soil, and if the depth of the foundation is not lower than the freezing level, then deformation of the foundation and the entire building is possible.

slab foundation

Slab foundation - is a reinforced concrete slab on which the building is installed.

The slab foundation is also called floating; during seasonal swelling of the soil, the slab moves along with the soil, while maintaining solidity due to the reinforcement of the slab.

The slab foundation is laid on a sand or gravel pillow with a thickness of 0.3 - 0.5 m, so for such a foundation you will need to dig a foundation pit around the entire perimeter of the future building.

A formwork 30 cm high is mounted on the filled and compacted layer of sand, and waterproofing is laid, reinforced and poured with a concrete solution (3 parts of crushed stone, 1 part of sand, 1 part of cement).

This type of foundation is used for heaving and subsidence soils and is more costly in terms of economy, therefore it is usually used for brickwork arbors.

Strip foundation

For the construction of the gazebo, you can use a strip foundation, usually this type of foundation is used for brick and masonry.

The place for the gazebo is marked with pegs and cords.

According to the markup, you need to dig a trench 30 cm wide (or the width of the brickwork), 40 cm deep.

The bottom of the trench is covered with a layer of sand 10 cm, the sand is poured with water and compacted with a manual rammer, then a layer of crushed stone 10 cm is filled and compacted.

Formwork from boards or panels is installed in the trench.

Under the future foundation, a frame of reinforcement is assembled and knitted, the reinforcement should move away from the edges of the formwork by 5 cm.

A concrete solution of crushed stone, sand and cement (3: 1: 1) is mixed, poured into the formwork in portions and rammed.

A strip foundation also requires excavation and formwork, but is less expensive than a slab foundation.

Column Foundation

The most economical and practical option for a gazebo is a columnar foundation - a minimum of excavation, low consumption of materials, and minimal costs. The construction of a columnar foundation will cost about two times cheaper than a strip one.

The columnar foundation is of several types:

Buried (1m below the level of soil freezing).
Shallow (0.5 m below the level of soil freezing).
Unburied (depth up to 0.5 m).

For gazebos, shallow and shallow columnar foundations are used.

The columnar foundation consists of a certain number of pillars, which are installed at the corners of the building and at the most loaded points along the perimeter of the building at a distance of 1.2m to 2.5m between the pillars.

Tools and materials for the construction of a columnar foundation:

Drill manual.
Shovel.
Pegs, tape measure and rope for marking.
Rammer.
Asbestos or plastic pipes with a diameter of about 30 cm.
Fittings and knitting wire for reinforcement.
Bulgarian.
Waterproofing material (roofing material).
Sand, crushed stone, cement, water.
Container for mixing solution.

We mark the site for the future foundation and determine the installation locations for the support pillars.

Under the pillars you need to dig wells, you can use a hand drill. The depth of the wells should be at least 0.5 m greater than the freezing level of the soil.

At the bottom of each well, a layer of sand about 15 cm should be covered, filled with water and compacted. Then the second layer of a mixture of sand and gravel 10 cm thick is poured, the mixture is also compacted.

For pouring concrete, boards, pieces of sheet steel can be used as formwork, but asbestos or plastic pipes would be the best option. In this case, the pipes will be fixed formwork. Pipes are cut into uniform pieces of the desired length.

Pipes are installed in the wells, and leveled strictly vertically using the building level. The space between the pipes and the walls of the well is covered with sand and compacted.

Inside the pipe, a metal frame should be placed from reinforcement rods connected by knitting wire or welding.

A concrete solution is mixed (3 parts of crushed stone, 1 part of sand, 1 part of cement) and poured into pipes with installed fittings.

Each portion of the solution must be rammed with a pin so that the solution evenly fills the space inside the pipe. In the solution, you can install a metal mount for future strapping under the gazebo.

The columnar foundation can also be made of concrete blocks.

The blocks are laid in pits on a sand cushion and fixed to each other with concrete mortar.

The solution gains its final strength within a month, after which waterproofing is laid on the concrete and a horizontal harness for the gazebo is mounted.

When building any type of foundation, without experience in construction, it is rather difficult to determine the required depth of the future foundation, if you are not sure of your calculations, then it is better to play it safe and make a foundation with a margin.

In most cases, the owners of summer cottages and suburban households seek to equip the territory of their site in order to make their rest comfortable and convenient, arrange a place for children to play and get together with friends. For such activities near the house, it is convenient to have a small gazebo, made of wood or metal structures, and in some cases, the owners prefer to make such buildings from stone and brick. There are even options for gazebos with windows, doors, some owners perform bunk structures with observation decks and balconies.

Like every building, a gazebo needs a strong and reliable foundation. Although such buildings, according to the classification, belong to small architectural forms and do not provide for the implementation of a massive foundation, as in the case of the construction of a residential building or other capital construction, however, for strength and reliability, it is better to build a gazebo on a foundation basis.

What foundation to choose for the gazebo

To build a gazebo, you can use the same types of foundations that are used in capital construction:

Tape is suitable for gazebos with structural elements such as windows, doors, for which the stability of the base is important, and any ground movements will cause distortions and problems with use;
Pile is usually used on unstable and swampy soils, and is also well suited for building gazebos on sloping terrain;
Slab is used quite rarely, as it is a costly option, but it is suitable for the construction of any massive structure, regardless of the type of soil;
The columnar option is the most suitable for light summer arbors.

Which foundation is suitable for a gazebo depends, first of all, on the size of the building and its massiveness. If you have chosen a light and small version of a gazebo made of wooden elements, you can get by with a simple shallow foundation. In the case of building a gazebo with massive walls, from heavy materials, or in the case of planning a building with windows and a door, you will have to spend money on making a more solid foundation.

In addition, the choice of foundation option is influenced by the type of soil of your land. Soils are classified according to SNiP as follows:

Clays and loams, they are characterized by water retention between soil layers, as a result, in winter, water freezes and causes shifts in the soil, the so-called heaving;
Sandy loam or fine sand middle option between alumina and sandy soil;
Coarse sand, sandy soils are considered the most convenient for the construction of foundations, they do not cause heaving, the foundations on them are more stable.

Advice! On clay soils, to increase stability and movement, it is recommended to deepen the foundation to the depth of soil freezing, in different regions of Russia these will be different values, depending on the geographical location.

But for the construction of gazebos, they try to choose the most acceptable option both in terms of monetary costs and the complexity of the work. A good choice for stable soils that are not subject to heaving is a columnar foundation.

How to make a columnar foundation for a gazebo with your own hands

Before proceeding with the construction of the foundation, it is necessary to determine the location of the gazebo on the site. It is good to stop your choice on the territory in the shade of trees or near a reservoir, if possible.

With the help of pegs and a rope, we mark out the platform for the foundation, remove the top layer of soil, make holes for the posts in the marked places. At the bottom of the pits, it is necessary to pour a layer of sand about 15 cm, then we lay a piece of roofing material as a waterproofing for concrete. At the bottom of the pit, it is desirable to pour fine gravel and pour a layer of concrete, after the concrete has set, columns of bricks are laid out on the cement mortar. Each subsequent row of bricks is placed perpendicular to the previous one. The height of all columns should be the same, since the base of the gazebo will be installed on them. After completing all the planned columns and solidifying the cement mortar, you can proceed to the construction of the gazebo itself.

Instead of bricks, you can use asbestos-cement or metal pipes, or cast posts under the concrete foundation. In the case of using asbestos-cement pipes, they are installed on a concrete pad, several reinforcement bars are inserted inside and a concrete solution is poured. If the posts are not fixed with concrete, in winter, after the ground freezes, they may burst due to moisture frozen inside.

If metal pipes are used as supports, it is necessary to take care of the anti-corrosion protection of the metal before installing them, treat them with special compounds and paint.

If you just decide to cast columns under the concrete foundation, it is imperative to install reinforcement inside the cast concrete pillars so that they do not lose strength and fall apart over time.

In what cases is a pile foundation chosen?

Installing a pile foundation is a rather laborious process, and you should not use it unless necessary.

The pile foundation for the gazebo is indispensable in the conditions of marshy soils, areas with a high occurrence of groundwater, on unstable soils with a large freezing depth. Such a foundation has a number of advantages over the rest.

It can be installed at any time of the year and in a fairly short time - within one or two days. In addition, metal piles are strong enough, on such a basis you can build not only a solid stable gazebo, but also a whole residential building. There is no need to provide additional waterproofing, since the metal will not allow groundwater to pass to the base of the gazebo. In addition, it is possible to raise the building above ground level and thereby avoid seasonal flooding of the structure.

Piles can be screwed using special equipment, or a team of several people can be involved for this. The process of manually screwing in is quite laborious, in addition, it is necessary to ensure that the piles enter the ground strictly vertically. But in conditions of swampy terrain or increased seismic hazard, this option will be the most acceptable.

Foundation for brick and stone arbors

Solid pavilions made of brick and stone, closed from winds and rains, with observation decks on the roof and other delights, have become not rare these days. Such massive buildings require a solid and stable foundation. A good choice would be to perform a strip or slab foundation.

The strip foundation for the gazebo is carried out in the same way as for the construction of houses. A place is marked for the future construction, a ditch is dug along the perimeter of the site along the width of the proposed base, the depth is determined by the depth of soil freezing. A layer of sand is poured inside the moat, waterproofing from roofing felt or film is laid. Then, along the perimeter of the site, formwork is made of wooden boards, to ensure the strength of the structure, reinforcement is placed inside the formwork. Then we pour the concrete mortar and wait for complete solidification, usually it takes several days. After the solution has completely solidified, the formwork is removed, and further construction work can begin.

In the case of a slab foundation, the technology of work is similar to the tape version, but not the perimeter of the base is poured, but the entire site for the building. You will have to remove a layer of soil over the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe future building, then make a sandy base, lay out a layer of waterproofing over the entire base of the pit, and then pour a continuous layer of concrete. Previously, reinforcement must be installed in the dug pit over the entire surface so that the concrete cushion has the necessary strength.

This version of the foundation will be financially much more expensive than previous buildings, and also quite laborious in execution. But on the other hand, it will perfectly withstand any load, and can also be used without problems on any type of soil and in any climatic conditions.

For light structures (for example, a wattle arbor), support is not needed. Solid gazebos (stone, brick, massive iron) need a reinforced foundation.

Foundation for a gazebo. The power of the support depends on the mass of the structure.

An additional motivation for building a solid foundation is the presence of precise elements in the design of the gazebo (windows, doors). Their functionality can be impaired even by a slight distortion of the structure.

Why do distortions occur?

It's all about the soil: it sags and squeezes out (swells). There are two main reasons for its deformation:

Seal. Loose soil can be compacted under the weight of the structure. Especially under the influence of rain and melt water.
Bloating. Water expands significantly when it freezes, increasing the volume of the soil. The pressure exerted on the foundation in the horizontal plane (on the walls of the foundation) is insignificant. But vertical swelling is very dangerous - it raises the foundation. Since the soil moisture is uneven, the movement of the walls is also uneven along the entire length. This leads to deformation of the supporting structures, the appearance of cracks, skewed door and window frames (up to the cracking of glass!).

Heaving soils include clay, alumina. From pebbly and sandy water "leaves" down. Its remains, expanding upon freezing, fill microvoids. Swelling does not occur.

Distortions and swellings. The result of ground movements.

How to dig deep?

The depth of the foundation depends on the type of soil and the depth of its freezing, characteristic of a particular region. Approximately, you can navigate according to the following table, compiled according to SNiP (indicated in meters):

The values are maximum: when compiling SNiP, the most unfavorable conditions are taken into account. The presence of natural (snow, ice) and artificial insulation is not taken into account.

Even if the freezing depth is still far away: sand (not to be confused with sandy loam - fine, dusty, dense sand) does not swell significantly and can serve as a reliable support for the foundation.

Foundation depth. The freezing index becomes not fundamental when it is possible to "dig" to the coarse sandy soil.

Simple foundations for gazebos

Most gazebos are quite simple and light. They arrange shallow foundations under them or do without them at all.

Gazebo without foundation

You do not need a foundation for very light houses: gazebos from living plantings, wattle, lattice wooden structures, frames and canopies based on dug-in posts.
The floors here can be "filled" with concrete into a pre-dug excavation of the depths of approx. 15 cm. Such a monolithic slab can serve as an excellent and practical base for a light-type gazebo.

Simple stone supports

In order to save money, old modest houses in Russia were erected with virtually no foundations: large stones were laid in the corners of the building, on which the lower frame frame rested. This is not the best solution for a home, but it is quite sufficient for a wooden gazebo.

Stone support. A simple foundation for lightweight structures.

How to do?

A similar foundation is arranged like this:

1. Markup. On the selected site mark the perimeter of the future structure.

2. Installation of stones. Large stones are used for laying in corners (their size depends on the massiveness of the structure). For light arbors, a buta measuring 50x50x50 cm is enough.

The stone is "sinked" into the ground in such a way that it protrudes 10-15 cm above the surface. It is important to consider the following:

A layer of sand (10-15 cm) is laid at the bottom of the pit under the stone. This will make the position of the stone more stable and facilitate alignment during installation.
All stones must be "exposed" by a flexible water level into a single horizon.
The stones are not even. Therefore, it is important to install them in such a way that the most convex upper part falls on the line along which the bar of the base of the gazebo will be laid.

3. Laying bars. Now you can build the lower part of the gazebo frame. Waterproofing must be laid under the beam so that moisture does not rise up and penetrate into the wooden parts of the structure.

Beam laying. The next stage of the construction of the support.

The gap between the array of the gazebo and the ground (actually, the ground, the plot), which is the height of the protruding part of the support stones, can serve as an excellent protection for the wooden floor of the gazebo from decay: there is excellent air exchange and ventilation. But it can be lined with stone or brick in the form of a plinth.

The foundation of the gazebo from concrete blocks

It is a flat area with blocks in the corners, as well as under the walls (in places with increased load). It is used for very light structures with unstable, wet soil, in flooded areas.

How to build?

Like simple stone supports, blocks need to be leveled, prepared and leveled.

Column Foundation

It is arranged at the corners of the structure and in the most “critical” places (structure joints, conjugation of elements, walls, additional supports of extended sections of the wall).

Video: A simple foundation for a gazebo

The essence of the columnar foundation is saving without loss of efficiency: relying on deeply located non-freezing layers of soil, the foundation remains stable, although it is not continuous (for example, like a strip foundation).

On non-rocky soils (coarse sand, rocky foundations), such a foundation may not be buried below the freezing level.

It is built as follows:

Markup. The site is marked with a rope, tape measure and pegs (milestones).
Training. The soil (chernozem) is removed because it contains a large amount of organic matter prone to decay.
Drilling. Holes can be made with a drill or dug with a shovel.
Creating a support. A layer of sand (15-20 cm) and the same amount of rubble are laid at the bottom of the pit. Sand is poured with water for compaction, crushed stone is poured with a liquid concrete solution.
Pillar installation. A few days later, having laid a layer of waterproofing (roofing material) on the concrete, they begin to install the columnar supports.

Their features depend on the qualities of the materials used:

Pipes are asbestos-cement. Are established strictly vertically. The interior space is filled with concrete.
Steel pipes. Do not require filling inside. But it is worth considering protection against corrosion (painting; chemical oxidation).
Stone, brick. A pole is laid out in compliance with the rules of masonry.
Concrete. The contours of the pit are used as natural formwork. It is highly desirable to reinforce the pillar.

According to the same principle, the columns of a wooden frame are also buried, the underground part of which can be considered a columnar foundation.

Pile-screw foundation for a gazebo

Piles - metal pipes, provided with an auger. Such a pipe is screwed into the ground like a screw.

It is used for quick foundation construction in adverse conditions (very deep freezing soils, flooded areas with a high level of groundwater).

The advantages of such a foundation are especially easy to appreciate in poor soils:

Rapidity. Enough 1 day.
All-season work. You can also drill into the ground in winter.
Independence from soil quality. Piles are drilled to non-freezing layers.
Power. This is a strong foundation that can hold the whole house.
Water resistance. Metal does not absorb water, does not transfer it up to the structure.
Price. It is the cheapest type of foundation under least favored conditions.

It makes no sense to install piles under the gazebo in dry, stable soils with a small freezing depth. The technology is beneficial (virtually indispensable) in difficult conditions.

How to screw piles?

You can screw the piles on your own, but as part of a team of 2-3 people. This is done as follows:

1. Marking the site. The site is marked out, poles not tied to a cord are driven into the drilling sites. The corners of the future structure are drilled first. Then the piles are screwed into the gaps.

You can screw the piles on your own, but as part of a team of 2-3 people.

2. Mounting notch. First, a hole is selected at the drilling site with a drill, so that it is easier to place the pile exactly in the required place.

3. Installation of the pile at the place of work. They install and screw the pile a little. Set it to level.

To make it easier to control the evenness of the vertical position of the pile during screwing, two building levels are attached to it with adhesive tape (to control its position “left-right” and “forward-backward”).

4. Screwing. Steel scrap is inserted into special holes, on which pieces of pipes are put on, which act as a lever. The pile is rotated in the appropriate direction, drilling into the ground.

It is important to ensure that there are no distortions. Distance between piles (allowable minimum) 1.7m.

A metal strapping is welded to the screwed piles around the entire perimeter of the gazebo. If it is planned to install a wooden structure, special metal platforms are attached to the tops of the piles - heads, to which the bars are screwed.

Foundations for heavy gazebos

Wooden and log buildings are quite light, but stone and brick gazebos (especially massive ones with a large masonry area, two-story brick gazebos with observation decks, etc.) require a strong foundation.

capital foundation. These include strip foundation and solid monolithic.

Strip foundation for a gazebo

It is a concrete or stone wall, deepened to an impermeable soil layer.

How to make a strip foundation yourself?

Work begins with the preparation of the site: it is leveled, cleared of weeds. Then proceed to the main work:

Markup. The site is marked according to the prepared plan. Sticks are driven into the corners, connected with a cord.
Excavation. They dig a ditch to sandy soil or, if it is not there, to the full depth of freezing. The width of the future foundation is 30-35 cm.
Creating a pillow A layer of sand (10-15 cm) is laid at the bottom of the trench, which is poured with water from a hose (with a sprayer) to compact the pillow.
Reinforcement. A layer of crushed stone (10-15 cm) is laid on the sand, which is poured with a liquid concrete solution. Then the reinforcement is mounted around the entire perimeter of the foundation. For this, building reinforcement (diameter 8-10mm), thick wire trimmings (5-6mm), pieces of metal are used. It is important to "tie" the reinforcing belt together by welding or thick wire.
Special carbon fiber rods, which have proven themselves in construction, can also be used as reinforcement.
Fill. The foundation is poured with concrete or laid out with a torn but (shapeless natural stone) on a cement mortar. It is not recommended to arrange the underground part of the foundation with bricks due to its hygroscopicity.
Removal of the outer part. The basement part, which rises above the plane of the site by 10-15 ... 30-35 cm (depending on the evenness of the site, water level, etc.). This height is set formwork of boards and other flat materials.
Waterproofing. The finished foundation, regardless of the presence of a plinth (you can lay out the walls with a rhinestone, or you can first “build up” it with a stone by laying out the plinth) is insulated with a layer of roofing material.

Strip foundation. Quite laborious, but reliable and durable.

A strip foundation is a reliable foundation for a structure of any mass. But it can be reinforced if the inner area of the rectangle of the future gazebo is also poured with concrete. It's already a monolith.

Monolithic foundation for a gazebo

All work is carried out in the same sequence as when installing a strip foundation. The only difference is in the pouring area - here the entire building site is filled with concrete.

With regard to the gazebo, a monolithic foundation can be facilitated:

Excavation. The pit is deepened on the area of \u200b\u200bthe entire future gazebo (depth 25-30 cm). A trench is dug along its perimeter for a strip foundation.
Reinforcement. The foundation, provided with a sand cushion and prepared by adding crushed stone, is reinforced.
Foundation pouring.
Top reinforcement. When the tape part is filled to the full depth (only 30 cm of the pit remains to the top), the entire area is covered with crushed stone (10-15 cm), poured with concrete. According to such preparation, reinforcement is laid and tied, designed to turn the entire site into a solid monolithic slab.
Fill. The rest of the volume is filled with concrete.

Monolithic foundation is one of the most expensive. Therefore, it is important to take a sober look at the situation and make sure it is appropriate.

monolithic foundation. It differs from the tape one by the continuous filling of the site, by rigid reinforcement.

In addition to high strength, such a monolith is attractive in that it does not require additional work with floors, except for decoration.

Car tires - effective material or fiction?

Tires have a number of advantages and only one drawback - they are toxic. True, harmful substances are released from rubber only when exposed to high temperatures, which is not relevant for foundations even in summer. But the advantages are undeniable:

Swelling does not affect the stability of load-bearing structures, since for rubber, as a very plastic material, fluctuations in soil volume in winter are too small.
The seismic situation in some regions makes the tire foundation indispensable.
The moisture resistance of rubber makes such a foundation extremely durable.
The cost of tires tends to zero.

How to do?

The tire foundation can be arranged in two ways:

1. Monolithic slab (combined type). The entire area of the future building is a monolith. To create it, the soil is taken out to a depth of two (in height) tires. The voids are filled with material that does not significantly shrink (crushed stone, broken brick, expanded clay, screenings). Do not use backfills that give strong shrinkage (sand, clay, earth).
The surface of the site is covered with a waterproofing material (roofing material) and poured with concrete with reinforcement.

Tire foundation. Cheap and effective material.

2. Corner. Tires are used to create supports at the corners of the structure and at the junction of the walls. To do this, choose the soil to the required depth, lay a layer of rubble, on which tires are placed one on top of the other. The interior is filled with concrete.

It is necessary to align each tire according to the level. Otherwise, the whole “sandwich” will lie crooked and it will be impossible to correct this defect.

For heavy structures, truck tires are preferable, for light and medium-sized structures, smaller diameter tires may be suitable.

How to decide on the type of foundation for the gazebo?

An insufficiently reliable foundation is money and effort spent in vain. Even if the gazebo does not fall apart, but only warps, it will no longer please the eye.

A foundation that is too powerful will not affect either the aesthetics of the structure or its functionality. But the cost overrun is not reasonable.

To choose the type of foundation, you just need to answer a few questions:

Will the gazebo be easy?

Yes, it is made of slats, boards. This is the easiest gazebo. It does not need a strong or medium foundation. Enough simple stones in the corners, blocks.
She is made of logs. Medium weight design (for arbors). You can arrange a columnar foundation or “screw in” piles if the soil is wet.
From round logs. Also.
Iron gazebo. Also.
Stone. Heavy gazebo. The best option is a strip foundation. If the gazebo is supposed to be very massive - solid, monolithic.
Brick. Also.

Is the soil stable?

Yes, it's coarse sand. A small depth (20-30 cm) is enough.
No, it's loam. Deepening the foundation to a non-freezing area.
Not stable. This is a swamp. The best solution is screw piles.

The gazebo is not the most massive structure, the foundations here are not such a critical area as in other buildings. However, the stability of the walls should not be neglected, because the attractiveness of the recreation area depends on it, and hence the level of comfort and pleasure derived from spending time here.

The initial stage of the construction of the gazebo is the creation of a reliable foundation. Properly designed, it will guarantee the durability of the entire structure. Its quality depends on the selected materials, compliance with all recommendations, calculations made when drawing up the drawing. It is important to correctly determine the appropriate type of foundation for different types of soil, climatic conditions.

The article will help you understand all the intricacies of building a base for a gazebo and how to do it yourself.

Selection of materials for the base

The garden gazebo is a lightweight structure attached to the house or a separate room for seasonal recreation. In this case, it does not require pouring the capital base. If you create a closed structure with a barbecue, fireplace or barbecue for year-round use, you should worry about a reliable foundation that can withstand heavy loads.
As materials can be used:

brick;
rubble stone;
concrete;
metal or asbestos-cement pipes;
stone, concrete blocks;
car tires;
wood (in rare cases).

For the construction of any foundation, it is necessary to take into account the depth of groundwater and the type of soil.

Photo: foundation options. A - tape; B - monolithic, C - columnar; G - on screw piles.

The following types of grounds should be noted:

monolithic (slab);
tape;
columnar;
pile (divided into bored and screw).

Let's consider each of them in more detail.

Monolithic

It must be said right away that this type of foundation is rarely used for the construction of small gazebos in the country, since its creation takes a lot of time, and the cost of materials is significant. If the structure is massive, with a fireplace or a brazier inside, and the soil on the site easily freezes, sags, then this is the best option for the reliability and durability of the structure.

Photo: slab foundation device

A brief step-by-step instruction for its construction is as follows:

The area is marked.
A pit is dug up to a depth of 50 cm.
A formwork is created from pieces of wood around the entire perimeter of the pit.
A pillow of layers of sand and gravel is laid at the bottom, 15 cm each. It will become a protection against deformation of the base.
A roofing material is laid on top, the ends of which are fixed inside the formwork. Fall asleep 5 cm of rubble.
The frame is assembled from reinforcement. The diameter of the rods is not more than 10 mm. In finished form, a lattice will be obtained, the dimensions of the cells of which will be 20x20 cm.
A concrete mortar or a mixture of cement and sand is poured into the pit.

It is worth considering that the height of the plate must be at least 40 cm higher than the ground level.

After complete solidification, the foundation will withstand the construction of any materials and any size.

Tape

Such a base is perfect for summer cottages, where shallow laying takes place in dry sandy soil. The complex construction of the foundation will require additional money, time and labor, but in terms of strength it will cope well with brick, wooden arbors measuring 6x4 m and more.

Photo: 3D model of the column-strip base

3D model of installed screw piles

The process of installing piles in the second case consists of several stages:

The site is cleared, the top layer of soil is removed.
Holes for asbestos-cement pipes are drilled at the corners of the site.
The bottom of the wells is filled with crushed stone, compacted.
A concrete solution up to 15 cm thick is poured.
Pipes are installed according to the level.
Several bars of reinforcement are inserted inside them, and all the free space is filled with mortar. It is necessary to ensure that the ends of the pipes are well clogged, otherwise cracks and ruptures of the support due to water and frost can be provoked.
The first crown is laid on the frozen piles, and the beams must be tied with clamps.

Photo: car tires as a base

An alternative would be a lightweight or wooden frame.

Building a foundation for a brazier or barbecue

A building with a heating and cooking device is equipped with two independent bases.

For or another stove, the best option would be to fill a strip foundation or a monolithic concrete slab. In the first case, the area under the stove must be tied to the main tape and immediately poured, not forgetting to mount a double horizontal belt of reinforcement.

On the barbecue area, the tape should be 20 cm above the floor level, or even more.

It should be remembered that in such buildings, according to the requirements of SNiP, it is necessary to provide for the possibility of a fire truck entrance.

In addition, part of the pipe leading to the roof is well insulated so as not to provoke a fire in the roofing material.

Budget option for creating a base with your own hands

The simplest and most affordable solution is. The order of work is as follows:

Along the perimeter of the structure, pits are dug under the pillars. Their number and depth depend on the type of soil. For a small gazebo, subject to stable soil, it will be enough to make 4 pits in the corners with a depth of 50 cm each.
At the bottom of the pits, 5 cm of sand and rubble are poured, tamped, roofing material spreads.
The poles are level. 3 rebars are inserted inside.
The support cavity is filled with concrete.

If metal pipes are used, then there is no need to fill them with a solution. You just need to weld two shelves to the ends of the pipes to enhance the strength of the structure, and do not forget about the waterproofing of metal parts with bitumen or roofing felt.

Installation prices

The exact cost of this type of construction services depends on many parameters. Separately, it is necessary to highlight:

base type;
design dimensions;
the amount of materials used;
the need to attract special equipment;
type of soil;
remoteness of the region;
terms of creation;
complexity and ease of use.

So, in Moscow, the cost of laying a pile foundation made of asbestos-cement pipes will cost 420 rubles / piece, and the total price of a 3x6 m foundation will be 18.5 thousand rubles. A tape type of the same size will cost from 45 thousand rubles, installation of blocks for the base - 590 rubles / block.

A linear meter of installation of metal pipes for the foundation will be from 600 rubles and more.

Therefore, if the summer cottage is located on stable ground, you have the desire and time for construction, you can try your hand and make a solid foundation for the gazebo yourself, saving money from the family budget.