Hayabus 2 Automatic interplanetary station. We tell about the mission of Hayabusa2: the spacecraft delivered two robots on the asteroid RUGU. What kind of mission hayabusa2
Two small MinerVA-II1A and MinerVA-II1B robots successfully sank to the surface of the asteroid (162173) RUGU. It happened on September 21, but a year and a half was required to confirm the descent and verification of the working capacity of robots systems. Now these riskers make pictures of the asteroid right from its surface and send them to the ground. This is reported by the press service of the Japanese Space Agency JAXA.
Robot asteroid delivered the Hayabusa2 apparatus. It is expected that in December 2020 he will return to Earth with samples of breeds RUGU.
So far, until the end of the mission is still very far away, but now you can look at the photos sent from the asteroid. Unfortunately, both Rovers are not directly steep photographers, so it will not really see anything to see them. For example, a snapshot made during the MinerVA-II1A jump with Hayabusa2 to the asteroid:
The snapshot is wildly smeared, as the device rotated during the movement. The lower light spot is asteroid RUGU, and the upper blurred silhouette is the Hayabusa2 spacecraft.
A snapshot made by another robot also after separation from Hayabusa2, gives more ideas about RUGU:
The third shot is already made directly with RUGU. He was sent to the MINERVA-II1A apparatus, known on the first smeared photo:
Robots move on asteroid jumps. Here, during such a maneuver, this picture was taken. Bright white stain - sun.
Of course, the quality of photos was not happy. More precisely, no one has pleased. But the main thing here is another. That's what, for example, he said about the importance of the mission responsible for the MINERVA-II1 robots Tetsuo Joyshtsitz:
Although I was disappointed with blurred images, but it is important that they are made by self-propelled vehicles. And the photo taken at the time of the robot jump on the surface of the asteroid, confirms the effectiveness of such a mechanism of movement.
Tetsuo Yoyshitsy
Responsible for MinerVA-II1
What kind of mission hayabusa2?
The main goal of the mission is to explore a specific asteroid RUGU. The study will take place in two stages: photographing and taking samples of the asteroid breeds. In the second case, the Hayabusa2 spacecraft will be performed by the impactor asteroid. In a collision with the RUG, he will explode, and in its place will be a crater of the meter depth.
The mission was launched on May 9, 2014. Its total value, according to NewsCientist, 150 million US dollars. That is, it is more than four times cheaper than Zenit-Arena stadium eating eggplanes.
As can be seen from the name, this is the second mission from the Hayabusa cycle. The first was launched in May 2003. After seven years, the first generation spacecraft delivered samples of the soil asteroid soil. As it turned out, it has a very low content of chondrites. This suggests that the temperature on the IKAVA has long been above 800 ⁰c, and this is possible only if the asteroid was part of a much larger space object.
What is so notable asteroid RUGU?
Yes, almost nothing. It was opened in 1999, no more than 900 meters long. Very typical asteroid class C - the oldest asteroids. They are considered pretty primitive. And in this he is interesting. Its age is approximately 4.57 billion years, it arose along with the solar system. During this time, RUGU has almost changed, unlike planets. So scientists hoping to understand how our system was formed.
TimeLaps Hayabusa2 approximation to RUG What do these robots represent?
Robots moving over the surface of the asteroid RUGU look like a stubble cylinders. The diameter of both - 18 cm, height - 7 cm. Each of them weighs 1.1 kg. Yes, they are easier macbook air!
Black plates - solar panels. Both robots are equipped with photograms with wide-angle lenses, stereo chambers, as well as thermometers.
Minerva is an abbreviation Micro Nano Experimental Robot Vehicle for Asteroid. In Russian, it sounds not very cool, and the first letters do not combine in something poetic: "Micro-nano experimental robotic vehicle for asteroids."
In addition to two MINERVA-II1 robots, on board the Hayabusa2 is the MINERVA-II2 robot. It will be launched on the asteroid next year. It is easier than two of his fellow one hundred grams, slightly less in diameter - 15 cm, but above - 16 cm.
MINERVA Rover Location on Hayabusa2 Spaceship In MinerVA-II2 there are two chambers, an accelerometer, a thermometer, as well as optical and ultraviolet LEDs for lighting.
More on the spacecraft there is a Mascot robot. It is more, weighs almost 10 kg, and on board he has an infrared spectrometer, a magnetometer, a radiometer and a camera. Within 16 hours, it will work its non-rechargeable battery, it will explore the surface structure and its mineralogical composition, temperature and magnetic properties of the asteroid. The launch is planned to do next week - October 3, 2018.
Mascot Robot 
The interplanetary station "Hayabus-2" began landing the descent devices minerva-ⅱ1 to the surface of the asteroid RUGU. The modules have already been successfully separated from the orbital apparatus at an altitude of 55 meters, now the mission team is waiting for the landing confirmation, (1,2,3) on the mission site.
The Hayabus-2 automatic station was launched into space in December 2014. Its goal is the delivery of soil samples from an asteroid 162173 Ryugu, which belongs to the class Asteroids of C. The device successfully arrived at the asteroid on June 27 and went to a stable 20-kilometer orbit around him. In the next year and a half, the probe will explore the RUGU from the orbit, the Mascot module (Mobile Asteroid Surface SCOUT) will shut down on its surface, on which the spectrometer, magnetometer, radiometer and camera are installed. It is assumed that when adjusting to the RUGU, the device will shoot on the surface of the SCI device (Small Carry-on Impactor), consisting of a copper projectile and explosive charge, thereby researchers will have the opportunity to study the composition of the upper layer of the asteroid soil. After taking the soil sample from the surface of the RUG, the station will go back to the ground and drops a capsule with an asteroid substance in December 2020. More information about the mission, its tasks and tools can be read in our material "Collect the Past of Cupits".
Earlier, the station has already been mapping an asteroid surface from a 20-kilometer orbit, as a result of which scientists from the mission team were able to build two three-dimensional models of the asteroid rotation. At the end of July, the device climbed with the surface of the RUG to six kilometers, and at the beginning of August decreased to the minimum height of 851 meters from the RUG surface as part of an experiment on studying the gravitational field of the asteroid and the survey of its surface at close range. Also, a team of scientists recently posted the results of the first month of work in orbit around the asteroid, among which the heat map of the RUG surface and the assessment of the number of rock rocks, which makes it possible to talk about the reality of the asteroid collision with another major object in the past. In the period from 10 to 12 September, the probe made a test attempt to reduce to the RUG surface, but it turned out to be unsuccessful due to problems with Lidar.
On September 19, Hayabus-2 began preparations for a new rapprochement with the surface of the RUG for the landing on her two small descended MINERVA-II modules 1. The decrease in the device began on September 20, and the MinerVA-ⅱ1 landing will take place today, September 21. The Rover-1A and 1b modules have a hexagonal shape and size of 18 centimeters in the diameter, height 7 cm and the weight of about 1.1 kg each. Rover-1A is equipped with four cameras, Rover-1B - three, they are designed to create soil stereo images. Modules are capable of moving along the surface of the asteroid due to the jumping mechanism and are equipped with sensors for measuring the temperature of the soil, optical sensors, accelerometer and gyroscope. The mission team has already received a confirmation of the successful branch of the modules from the orbital apparatus at an altitude of 55 meters from the surface of RUG at 4:05 GRINVICHI and establishing communication with them, it is now necessary to wait for the confirmation of the successful landing on the RUG.
MINERVA-II 1 modules landing circuit on the RUG surface
Japanese Space Probe "Hayabus-2", which practically reached asteroid Ruha, made a number of his pictures from a distance of 40 km. This was reported by the Japanese Agency Aerospace Research (JAXA) .
Asteroid RUGU Diameter 900 meters was opened on May 10, 1999. It is an near-earth asteroid, whose orbit is stretched and crosses the earthly from the outside. Also, the orbit Ruha crosses the orbit of Mars.
The automatic interplanetary station JAXA "Hayabus-2" was launched on December 3, 2014 with a taniecis cosmodrome in Japan. On December 3, 2015, the probe made a gravitational maneuver near the earth, passing at a distance of 3100 km from her, and, having received an additional acceleration, went to Asteroid Ruha.
"After the way at 3.2 billion km, overlooked from the moment of launch, our destination is finally close. Two small facilities will soon be near 280 million km from the Earth, "
- It is noted on the Agency's website.
The station is equipped with a small descended probe developed by the German Aviation and Cosmonautics Center in collaboration with the French National Center for Space Research. A spectrometer, a magnetometer, a radiometer and a camera, as well as a motor installation, which can be changed for further studies to the descent apparatus.
Also on the device installed a shock all-metal charge consisting of copper projectile and explosives. It is assumed that with the adjustment to the asteroid, the device will shoot this charge on the surface. At the bottom of the crater, scientists plan to detect new breed samples.
"Frequency of RUG seemed round, then he began to look square, and after it turned out that he had an excellent form of a fluorite (Platical Plush, mineral, which sometimes give a diamond shape - Gazeta.Ru)," said Yuity Tsuda, one of the leaders of the mission. - Craters, rocks are now visible. The geographical features of the asteroid vary from place to the place. The form of RUGU is amazing from a scientific point of view, but also creates certain technical difficulties. "
Earlier pictures made from the distance of 100-200 km made it possible to make the first conclusions about the structure of the surface of the asteroid, and also assume that he had a very rich evolutionary story.
Researchers note that asteroids of this size can be fragments of another, a much larger asteroid.
JAPAN AEROSPACE EXPLORATION AGENCY
"When we approached the RUG and were able to distinguish between the individual details of its surface, it became clear that his landscape was very diverse," Seydsey Sugitis, a leading researcher of the mission, is divided. - Countless clusters of rocks extend over the surface. Among them is a major rocky formation with a length of about 150 m in the upper part of the asteroid. Also noticeable ridges, encircling asteroid in the area of \u200b\u200bthe Equator.
Scientists showed a lot of crater, possibly arising from the collision of an asteroid with other celestial bodies. In addition, they found that the asteroid rotates around the axis perpendicular to its orbit, with a period of 7.5 hours
"The axis of rotation of the asteroid is perpendicular to its orbit. It gives greater freedom when landing and excellent opportunities for the work of Rovers. On the other hand, peaks in the field of equator and many large crater makes the choice of landing sites in interesting and complex at the same time, "TSUD notes.
On June 27, the probe will suit the asteroid at a distance of 20 km and for the next months will continue to converge, studying its rotation trajectory and gravitational field.
In September-October, the first landing of the descent apparatus on the asteroid and the smelting sample fence is scheduled. A few more such operations are scheduled for February and April - May 2019. Also in April will be made a shot to form a crater and taking samples from deeper layers of soil.
Soil samples will be sent to Earth in special capsules. According to researchers, they must arrive by the end of 2020.
This is already the second similar mission of Japan. In 2003, Jaxa launched the Hayabus spacecraft, which in 2005 reached an asteroid of Iokava - the first asteroid, from which the ground samples were delivered to Earth in 2010.
On August 26, 2011, six articles contained conclusions based on the analysis of dust, which "Hayabus" collected from the surface of the end of the Häabusa in Science magazine. Scientists suggested that it was probably a fragment from the depth of a larger asteroid, which broke up. Dust, assembled from the surface of the asteroid, is believed to lay there about eight million years.
The device itself after resetting the samples burned in the dense layers of the atmosphere. In his honor, Hayabus land was named on Pluto.
The descended Mascot apparatus was separated from the Hayabus-2 probe and began to reduce the surface of the asteroid RUGU, the Japanese Aerospace Agency JAXA said. Touch will occur in about 10-15 minutes after the branch, the probe has no own solar panels and can work on the surface of the RUG no longer than 16 hours - until the full range of the battery.
2018/10/03 At 11:17 JST: After Checking The Data Sent from Hayabusa2, We Can Confirm That The Mascot Separated from the Spacecraft As Planned. Hayabusa2 is now Ascending and The State of the Spacecraft is Normal. #Omteidlanding
[Email Protected] (@ haya2e_jaxa) October 3, 2018
On September 21, 2018, Hayabus-2 decreased to a height of 55 meters from the RUGU surface and dropped two small descended MINERVA-II modules to it 1. A confirmation of the successful landing of modules, which were in a working condition, moved along the surface and A number of pictures.
Now "Hayabus-2" began a new landing operation, this time Mobile Asteroid Surface Scout (Mobile Asteroid Surface Scout) went on the surface of the asteroid, which is the largest of the descent devices on board the station. It has a mass of 9.6 kilograms and dimensions of 30 × 30 × 20 centimeters. The payload consists of four scientific tools: an infrared hyperactive Mircomega microscope designed to study the mineral composition and properties of the surface layer of the RUG, the Mascam wide-angle chamber, the MARA radiometer, designed to study the thermal properties of the soil, and the MASMAG magnetometer. The battery must ensure the operation of the module on the RUG surface for 16 hours. Mascot can change its location once on the surface of the asteroid due to the jumping mechanism, unlike the minerVA-II rapes, and is equipped with two antennas that provide data transfer speed up to 37 kilobit per second.
The location of the container with the Mascot module on board "Hayabus-2".
File layout of the descended Mascot module.
The separation of the descent module from the orbital apparatus was planned at 04:58 in Moscow, at this time Hayabus-2 was supposed to be approximately 60 meters from the surface of the RUG. Jaxa says that the department has happened successfully, the confirmation was received at 02:17 on Greenwich (05:17 in Moscow) all systems of the device work normally, now "Hayabus" is removed from the asteroid. After compartment, Mascot will touch the surface, and then make several jumps on it in the area of \u200b\u200bthe radius of about 200 meters before stopping.
After that, the module will begin its scientific program. Located in the southern hemisphere of the asteroid and is located far away from the places of landing of the Probes MinerVA-II and the area of \u200b\u200bthe soil fence. In addition, the relief in this area is relatively convenient for disembarkation, because there are no boulders in size more than 30 meters, and the soil, presumably, was less exposed to space radiation, solar wind and cosmic dust, which means more interest in research.
The overall scheme of operations to reduce Hayabus-2 and landing module Mascot on the surface of the RUGU.
Moscow, 25 Jun - RIA Novosti. New photos of the asteroid Ryugu, obtained from a distance of 40 kilometers, indicate the strange character of its rotation, a large number of gravitational anomalies and the existence of an unusual mountain at its equator. All this will complicate the landing of the "Hayabus-2" probe on its surface, declare in JAXA.
Probe Dawn received new photos of the mysterious pyramid on CerereThe dawn interplanetary station, who worked in the orbit of Ceres, handed over the new detailed photos of the Mysterious Mount Ahun, which was not a pyramid at a closest consideration, but a "flat" cone."Now we know that the asteroid" lies on the side "- its axis of rotation is perpendicular to the orbit. On the one hand, it facilitates the landing to us, but on the other hand, we found a lot of large crater and mountain at the asteroid equator, which will complicate it. In addition, The force of gravity is not in all regions, Ryugu was directed strictly "down", "said Yuity Tsuda (Yuichi Tsuda), one of the leaders of the mission.
The probe "Hayabus-2", the purpose of which is to study and stop samples from the asteroid Ryugu, was launched into space in early December 2014. It will return to the ground the first 100% "clean" samples of the primary matter of the solar system.
The Japanese apparatus has reached the goal in early June and began the long-term procedure for braking and rapprochement with an asteroid. The asteroid form has repeatedly "changed" as the probe with the celestial body and improving the quality of the pictures.
At first, scientists seemed to be like the perfect ball, then - on the "dumplings" or the ball of Dango, National Japanese sweetness. Later a series of pictures and a kind of video obtained by "Hayabusa-2" in mid-June showed that it has a more angular shape and looks like a sugar cube or spam crystal.
The predecessor of the apparatus, the "Hayabus" probe, was launched into space in May 2003. This is the only spacecraft attached to the landing and take off from the surface of the cosmic body outside the earth-moon system. In 2005, he landed on the Iokava asteroid, however, due to a problem, the sampling of the soil passed not according to plan.
His heir, as experts Jaxa will be expected, will return to Earth at the end of 2020, if all the procedures for the soil fear will pass according to plan, and the capsule with samples of matter will not be damaged when landing on the surface of our planet.
The fence of the soil, despite the fact that "Hayabus-2" has already reached Ryugu, will happen very soon. At first, the probe must determine its accurate orbit and correct it if such a need arises, and then comprehensively examine the structure of the subsoil and relief of the asteroid.
Only after that the interplanetary station will get closer to the surface of the Ryugus and will reset a peculiar "explosion package", which will reveal and throw away the untouched material from the subsurface of the asteroid. Hayabus-2 will collect this dust and pebbles, levitating in vacuo during the second span over this point.
The presence of large depressions and mountains on the surface of Ryugu, according to Zud, has become a big surprise for scientists for several reasons. First, their presence speaks of the complex geological history of the asteroid, whose existence, as scientists believed earlier, was excluded the theory of formation of such bodies.
Secondly, the associated gravitational anomalies will significantly complicate the further rapprochement of Hayabus-2 with Rügj, the fence of the soil and the microrer disembarking on its surface. Nevertheless, the scientific team of the probe, as its leader notes, is full of optimism and confident that the probe will overcome all such difficulties.
