New cheap fuel - liquid water powder. Solid fuel gas "Batteries"
In the summer of 1942 in the village of Bilimba, a group of engineers of the aircraft factory, evacuated from Moscow, tried (privately) to find a means of a significant increase in danguum, and therefore, armor-resistant bullets and shells.
These engineers graduated from the Mathematical Faculty of Moscow State University, the mathematics and mechanics were satisfactory, but in the firearm region were, gently expressing, amateur. It is probably because we came up with a weapon, "shooting kerosene" that at a decent artilleryman, tell him this, would cause only a grin.
Initially, a long-known electrical circuit in the form of two solenoids, a fixed part of the barrel - and a movable - projectile was calculated. It turned out such required power, that the size and weight of the capacitor rose unacceptably. The idea of \u200b\u200bthe electric tub was rejected.
Then one of these engineers who previously worked in the reactive Reactivity in the group S.P. Korolev on the powder winged missiles and knew about the regression of the pressure of powder gases in the rocket chamber and the weapon trunk channel (in Renia, it sometimes leafed by the "inner ballistics" of Serebryakov), Suggested to construct an instrument charged by the usual powder, but with a charge, distributed along the barrel channel in separate cameras communicating with the channel. It was assumed that as the projectile promotes the charges of charges in Kamorah, they will be in turn to ignite and maintain pressure in the snowstone space at about a constant level. It should have increased the operation of powder gases and increase the dangle speed with a constant length of the trunk and the maximum allowed pressure in it.
It turned out cumbersome, inconvenient in operation, dangerous, etc., as a result of which the scheme was also rejected. After the war in some magazine or newspaper there was a photograph of such a gun created by the Germans and, apparently, also rejected.
Our efforts left the dead end, but helped out the case. Once on the shore of the factory pond, a liquid rocket engine, tested at the nearby plant, the chief designer Viktor Fedorovich Bolchovitinova, where B-1 was created, the first fighter with a rocket motor in the USSR.
The roar of the RD brought us to the idea to use in a gunshot tools instead of a powder fuel of liquid rockets with continuous injection of it in a snowy space throughout the duration of the shot.
The idea of \u200b\u200b"liquid powder" attracted the inventors to the fact that the specific energy intensity of known liquid mixtures, say kerosene with nitric acid, significantly exceeded the energy intensity of the powder.
There was a problem of injection of fluid into space, where the pressure reached several thousand atmospheres. Recovered memory. Once, one of us read the PA translated from the English book. Bridgeman "High Pressure Physics", which describes devices for experiments with fluids under pressure in dozens and even hundreds of thousands of atmospheres. Using some ideas of Bridzman, we came up with a liquid fuel supply scheme into the high pressure area by the same pressure of this pressure.
Finding schematic solutions to the main issues, we have begun to design liquid weapons (unfortunately, immediately automatic) under the finished trunk of the Degtyarevsky anti-tank rifle of the caliber of 14.5 mm. Made detailed calculations in which the late friendly comrade for Renia had a major engineer of Evgeny Sergeevich Schristkok, who was working in OKB V. Bolhovitinova then. Calculations gave encouraging results. Quickly made drawings of "liquid automatic weapons" (Zhao) and launched into production. Fortunately, one of the co-authors of the invention was the director and the chief designer of our factory, so the prototype was made very quickly. Due to the lack of regular Pullets, FTRD were shed homemade, from red copper, they charged the weapons and on March 5, 1943 in a dash, composed of destroyed Vagrank (the aircraft facility was posted on the territory of the former pipeline plant) tested the "kerosene" machine gun. The automatic stage of shots should be followed, equal to the number of bullets embedded in the store box. But it did not follow. There was only one, judging by the sound, a full-fledged shot.
It turned out that the bullets in the trunk was subjected to such a pressure pressure on the side of the snowstone space, which jumped the mechanism of automatic feeding the bullets and the component of liquid fuel.
The mistake of inventors who decided to create a submachine machine gun of a single shot, noted in its (mainly positive) review of the invention of deputy. Chairman of Artkom General Lieutenant E.A. Berkalov. We immediately took into account this.
The red copper bullet of the first liquid shot broke the 8-mm steel plate and stuck in the brickwork, to which the stove was leaning. The diameter of the hole significantly exceeded the caliber of the bullet and had a shock from the side clearly visible in the photo the crown of a splash began to meet the bullet, which was reformed in the "Mushroom". The artillery scientists decided that the splash of the material at the entrance of the bullet in the stove, apparently, should be explained by the high speed of the meeting, as well as the mechanical properties of the plate and bullets.
The layout of the sample of the weapon, from which was made, according to artillerymanist scientists, the first in the shot with liquid "gunpowder", is stored in the Plant Museum.
After the first, not quite, therefore, a successful (automatic machine did not succeed) Tests of liquid automatic weapons of the fifth of March 1943. We took up the workout of the shot from the PDD unitary cartridge, equipped instead of a powder with liquid combustion and oxidant components. For a long time, they shot homemade copper bullets, but with the return of the plant from evacuation in the summer of 1943 to Moscow, with the help of employees of the Central Committee of the Central Committee of the Ministry of Defense, A.F. FEDOTIKOV, received a sufficient number of regular cartridges of the anti-tank gun and began to lead the shooting "liquid powder" by armor-mounted armor-in-war bullets. By bringing the thickness of the punishable plates to 45 mm, the charge of 4 grams of kerosene and 15 grams of nitric acid, instead of 32 grams of a regular powder charge, we constituted a detailed report and sent it to Stalin.
Soon in the arms addict, chaired by General A.A. Tolockova, an interdepartmental meeting was held with the participation of representatives of the drug addicts, arms, ammunition and artillery committee. A decision was made: Nkalu - to submit to the People's Commissariat of Arms Works drawings and technical conditions for the manufacture of an experimental installation for studying the inner ballistics of Jao; The addict of armaments - to make installation on one of its plants and transfer it to the merchant of ammunition for research. The general scientific leadership of all the work, as far as I remember, the meeting laid on Artkom.
Time passed. And once, after a number of agreement, linking to the plant, with the Research Institute of Ammunition, we finally received an invitation to defend one of the employees of this Research Institute, T. Supported, Ph.D. thesis on the topic "Inner Ballistics of a rifle ..." (followed the name of one of Inventors - according to the tradition of gunsmiths: "Mosina rifle", "Avtomat Kalashnikov", "Pistol Makarova", etc.). Protection was successful. The inventors were mentioned in the report, their merit the applicant noted. Another years passed, about ten years after the invention of Jao, the authors were invited to defend the second thesis. This time adjuncts of the artacademy of lieutenant colonel I.D. Zyyanova on the topic with the name of approximately - "Theoretical and Experienced Studies of Artsystem on Liquid Explosives". The inventions with pleasure read in the dissertation author's abstract. Zyuyanoy his names, remembered by a good word. The head of the applicant on the dissertation was Professor I.P. Grave.
What is the further fate of our invention, we do not know, but we know from foreign open printing that since the 70s a lot of patents and work appeared in the USA, England and France on the topic of firearms on liquid fuel.
Famous persons who have contributed to the work on liquid weapons in alphabetical order: Baydakv G.I. - Director of the branch of the aircraft mentioned above. Berkalov. E.A. - Lieutenant-General, Deputy Chairman of Artcoma, Greve I.P. - Major General, Professor Artacademy, Greichenko G.E. - Plant Tokar, M. Plumazgov - Nach. Brigades of the OKB Plant, Efimov A.G. - Plant Tokar. Zhurkov D.A - Nach. Laboratories of the plant, Zyyanov I.D - Lieutenant Colonel, Adjunct of the Artacademy, Karimov XX - Calcant Engineer of the Factory, Kuznetsov E.A. - Engineer Designer of the Factory OK, Lychov W. - Locksmith plant, fasting me "- Factory of the plant, Privalov A.I. - Director and vice designer of the plant, Serbia Eid - Worker of the Central Committee of the Party, Sukhov, A.N. - Major-General, Major General, Dev. NTK of the People's Commissariat of Arms, Fedotikov A.F. - Worker of the Central Committee of the Party, Schetknkov E.S. -ingerer Okhz Aviation, headed by V.F. Bolchovetinov.
M.Dryazgov, Winner of the USSR State Prize
P.S would be good ... But, it turns out many years ago, Lieutenant Colonel I.D. Zyanov, who became a candidate of science for Zhao, discovered that his dissertation in the archive of the Waka shester to his dissencence. That is, someone studied her. Who - not installed. And Lieutenant Colonel Zyunov no longer ask, he died.
Well, fallen. Did you miss that?
140466
\u003e And what the cartouche of wedge is different, eh? I am far from an artillerist, I'm just learning, I don't throw hard items (and light too).
I also do not artillerist. But from the point of view of banal erudition, wedge charging is a four-dimensional bomb. Wedge is a shutter. And the cardus is such a linen bag with gunpowder, which are imposed in the gun between the room in it and the closure of the shutter before the shot.
Garpiner\u003e\u003e Yes, and cryotrons in A-bombs are disposable.
Carribean.\u003e And what of this? There is all disposable electronics
Carribean.\u003e PS: Reusable cryotrons are not fiction, in other things, like other types of accurate keys.
In the above-mentioned list, the cryotrons were referred to as in atomic bombs, to coordinate the multicoam gun. I thought that cryotron is generally disposable. I did not hear about the reusable.
Garpiner\u003e\u003e Here in the tank - another thing. We must roll on the tank podkaliberny - pour to the maximum. It is necessary to throw off the spin of the Office - save. Due to this, the buzz will increase by 20%.
Baby.\u003e The number of sub-caliber and offs of the shells in the laying is set before the fight. Accordingly, the quantity and type of (variety) charges are also set to a priori. If you want to save on the volume of charges, then 20% is too optimistic estimate. At the best possible, we will receive a relatively speaking of 43 projectiles instead of 40.
Wrong.
a) decreases the volume of the charging machine
b) no loss volume on sleeves
c) actually shells (without charges) due to a decrease in dimensions, you can combine much more tightly.
Garpiner\u003e\u003e and rechargement is simplified (opened the crane - closed the crane).
Baby.\u003e Rather, charge the shell, open the cray, close the crane.
Baby.\u003e That is, by and large, the same thing that is now, plus operations with the crane. What is the simplification ???
Now there are two options:
a) With the charging machine: the machine becomes easier and easier.
b) with manual charging: charging pulls half smaller.
\u003e\u003e Plus binary mV fire / explosion-proof.
Baby.\u003e Binary - what are these? Oxidizer + fuel? If so, you call the types of fireproof fuel or oxidizing agent. And then I'll be climbing "fireproof" kerosene and any other passions.
Binary - these are those that consist of two components, each of which is unprepared. Damn it knows what is behind the components. Probably it is also possible with an oxidizing agent + fuel. But this, rather, to Varban - he is special.
As for the same fireproof kerosene - I put experiments in 5 years. I threw matches in the canister with kerosene. Ruffles, bastards. I had to splash the kerosene on the floor, in the sawdust.
\u003e\u003e And the initial speed can be increased by applying more powerful MV.
Baby.\u003e ... both liquid and solid
Baby.\u003e Phase state here is neither.
Usually, more powerful MV are simultaneously less stable, i.e. More dangerous. The same nitroglycerin.
And if you can mix them immediately before shooting - you can store.
Amirhan_r. 19-06-2008 14:46
I here for the first time, well, sooo interesting and has a long thoughtful thought:
Instead of a cartridge, use ordinary gasoline. A cylinder with a conventional register (candle), the working stroke of the cylinder compresses the air, the compressed air pushes the bullet. I really want to know the opinion of the local owners and clever people! You are welcome...
Humanoid 19-06-2008 16:04
And the reverse stroke of the piston ensures?
HAS NO NAME. 20-06-2008 10:04
qUOTE: Originally posted by srl:
Each topic has a nuncture search. There must be poke and dial "dialiii".
If neither will be received to dial a "dialing effect", if neither will be received to dial "the penta dizzylit", if nipoltsya opens a new topic: rifle on binsine.
And immediately storm. Pascolc is tired of all over 8 years.
Diesel through "E" is written, actually. And the rifle through "and". Or in Pneumatic Olbanka taxis?
Valery 20-06-2008 17:30
qUOTE: . And the rifle through "and". Or in Pneumatic Olbanka taxis?
for n Efig
Valery 20-06-2008 17:56
you take the engine from Iza Jupiter.
one cylinder and use as a compresor second gasoline
to the combrest the trunk from Igea 38 and a bunch of balls of explosives
now here the kick-sarter and you have a snack
the rapidity of EDAK 2000-3000 was asleep per minute.
true, the power of FIG knows.
serg-pl. 23-06-2008 17:42
in this idea (for combat) confuses that it will always be not enough, the bullets will end, the gasoline will not pass
Shinmao. 09-12-2009 21:55
Kerosene and as an oxidant liquid oxygen would also be offered
Not that small arms on the ZHMO cannot but in mass-dimensional characteristics, the minimum should not be given to the classic powder. And so of course, the concept of beautiful in the weapon is evaporated, injector controlled injection, you want to shoot at the dialing, you want to supertvice depending on the projectile, the whole question is on what to shoot and how safe is it for the arrow?
Pan Horunji. 09-12-2009 23:16
Shinmao. 10-12-2009 12:55
qUOTE: Originally posted by Pan Horunji:The idea is very old in farts often occurs, but so far something is not heard about the real combat samples. The very difficult scheme, for weapons, excessive complexity of the design is a big minus, most likely in the future, the manual fireproof will go along the way of applying and developing a little ammunition, it is more reliable than on the ZHMV, and the automation can be easily simplified.
Guys in which number of the technology of young people do not remember for years, but the years in the 80s it was, there was no weapon in those days to the NIMA.
aBC55. 10-12-2009 02:13
ZHMH does not have to take oxygen from the atmosphere, injected into the chamber, which is under pressure. ZHMV might be in the form of liquid powder.
Liquid powder opens up the possibilities of dosage firing. And the ballast in the form of a sleeve is popped.
Come up with a liquid that does not frozen at -50, contains oxygen, burns like powder,
not afraid of concussions.
cheater. 10-12-2009 03:00
invented - a mixture of gasoline and potash nitrate)))
Alex413. 10-12-2009 05:58
Heresy pressure is too small as in pneumatics on CO2. And the charge is weak.
Stoichiometric mixture of hydrocarbons with air ~ 1/14 by weight. The mass of air is determined by the volume of the cylinder. Total shot of a motorcycle motor 125 cubes is equivalent to about 0.1 grams of powder.
Plus, the stern split from the work of the motor in the hands. If only inline 6-barn machine torture is tortured - from Haling Raven fight back
Alex413. 10-12-2009 08:54
In the chamber, first, the propane is first needed, since it can be fed at least liquefied. Then air from the cylinder. At the time of the shot, I spark out. Itself does not light up - the air is cold.
There was a reverse idea - use dieselting to turn on the arc. Single diesel plasmagan
Normal PPP with butter. In the end of the piston electrode, isolated from the walls of the cylinder. The voltage to it is submitted either immediately, or after reaching a certain mark so that the gas density has time to grow and the early breakdown in the side wall did not come out.
At the time of ignition of oil (at the very end of the progress), the conductivity of the gas increases sharply - there is a breakdown, behind him arc discharge from an arbitrarily gentle capacitor, warming gas at least up to 10 thousand. Pressure instantly jumps out once every 10, and the bullet was still not stronger than it ... and it rushed, with full firearms. If the piston is severe rel. bullets, you can not fix it.
By the way, de jure it will not be a fire man. The combustion energy for overclocking is not used - and niippet
cheater. 10-12-2009 14:32
herespie write, dochur. it is time to get rid of the proletarian approach to solving intellectual tasks, for it is known historically what it brings
or here is closer to your idea:
http://supergun.ru/index.php?nma\u003dcatalog&fla\u003dstat&cat_id\u003d16&page\u003d1&nums\u003d143.
in general, I advise you to explore the entire site in the section Articles-Pneumatic Weapons. Although you certainly do not work because Antiburian epilepsy will begin, judging by your avatar
Alex413. 10-12-2009 14:36
in the PPP, too, the air is cold however
In the PPP, the air is adiabatically compressed by the piston when shot - heated. Therefore, there is a ignition - the principle is the same as diesel.
And in the PCP, it is not compressed, but even on the contrary, it expands slightly in the gearbox (and cooled). And it means only an external ignition.
And the oil can not be lit - it does not evaporate at room temperature. And propane evaporates.
cheater. 10-12-2009 14:41
according to the PPP and the PCP agree, there is no oil. as evaporates, drip into the cylinder PPP oil is very surprised
Alex413. 10-12-2009 14:50
So it's about the PSP. In the PPP it is clear, otherwise it would not have dsened and in the PSP only what will noticeably evaporate at pressure after the gearbox.
And then something tells me that propane will not go. There is a specific range, outside which it does not burn. And we need to look at what is there with a pressure of saturated vapors at room temperature - enough for fuel (and it would be better for a stoichiometric) mixture at 200 atm. air or not. And because it is certainly not enough ... And therefore, only methane from the cylinder, it does not liquefy at room T-RE - it will make sure.
Alex413. 10-12-2009 22:48
Methane, comrarist, in comparison with gunpowder is nothing.
Put it easy. On 1 molecule of methane, 2 oxygen is necessary. Oxygen in air 20%. Total 1:10 in volume. We take 2 cylinders - air and methane. 2 gearboxes. 2 cranes.
Methane gearbox exhibit on 20 atm, air to 220. First, let me be methane, then overlapping it with the crane, we open the air faucet - we live and overlap. Everything is ready for battle. At the time of the shot, we give a spark in the space for the valve. The synchronization of the ignition can be made due to the gas flow.
cheater. 11-12-2009 03:43
i am sure that it will be much worse than porch, because No gas is distinguished here, the same remains the same from Chem. The process of burning is heated and expands essentially the same volume. And the temperature will also be less. In short, the idea is initially dead as a communism. In the words, everything is chotko and classes for those who have no brain, in fact only negative
Alex413. 11-12-2009 04:18
qUOTE: Originally posted by cheater:
i am sure that it will be much worse than porch, because No gas is distinguished here, the same remains the same from Chem. The process of burning is heated and expands essentially the same volume. And the temperature will also be less. In short, the idea is initially dead as a communism. In the words, everything is chotko and classes for those who have no brain, in fact only negative
Explain their idea to the court ... on the score, heating, and some fundamental difference between them. Only evidence, not speculative. At least at the level of physics of grade 7 - qualitatively evaluate, then let's talk about the brains.
Inca. 11-12-2009 04:32
Maybe I did not catch the main thought of this topic, I do not know all the abbreviations used here, but I had a little bit to work with single-square liquid throwing substances (MLPG) (in relation to the bodily systems), so I wanted to make a couple of comments.
The only actually applicable method for small arms is one-component Systems. Uniquely working systems-with regeneration injection. The only system of stabilization for them is still a stabilization of rotation. Unfortunately, it is impractical to create a self-loading or automatic system in such an embodiment, no comparison with simplicity, weight and reliability of the mechanism (in comparison with the "hard" porokhomi and sleeve stems) will not stand.
Potentially suits the niche for such systems in the sniper (single-grain weapon), but really MLPG has narrow thermal ranges (in the Arctic and below Moscow in the summer) such systems are useless, a very low shelf life for most substances, the probability of the bemboscope under the shot during a shot.
Option of compressed gas: The problem is mainly compared with the "ordinary patron", what is the transition? The shot is not soreware, if the compressor is used, it is also not "Beshum", and finally the problem of "silent" is actually fictional, finding a sniper is very hard even if it does not use the mockeel anything.
A variant of a liquid throwing solution, which compresses gas: both eggs only in profile-all problems of both Systems and 0 transverse programs.
Programs with liquid metabulating substance are investigated in the world with 1930s. Three things were clarified:
The use of two component systems is justified only on the damage of the sea in the city of Uryupinsk, Tambov province
To charge the sleeve with a liquid instead of a gunpowder, it is useless, inexplicable and unpredictable jumps in pressure in the pressure of the shutter and trunk.
Charge systems with injection unimpressed, since the sealing breakthrough undermines fuel, makes a very complex moaning mechanism for self-loading systems.
The theoritic advantage of such stems is considered:
"Feeding" Metal Events, we can swing powder in the pipes, it works well only on a ship or aircraft.
"Zoning" -Cobility "plant" 5 shells for the target at the same time, without changing the tilt of the gun, but only changing the charge-permanent surveillance problem, the second is useless for small arms.
My conclusion:
The rifle on gasoline is the exhibit of the Kuntscamera, there is no useful applications in it.
Alex413. 11-12-2009 06:40
qUOTE: Originally Posted by Inca:
Unfortunately, it is impractical to create a self-loading or automatic system in such an embodiment, no comparison with simplicity, weight and reliability of the mechanism (in comparison with the "hard" porokhomi and sleeve stems) will not stand.
And in jurisprudence there is such a term "attempt with unfasteless means." Trying to squeeze the ZHMV (or GMW) in the traditional scheme of automatic weapons - it is it
The gas generator must be a continuous device. Within the queue, which is the longer, the better. In fact, the rocket engine with the trunk instead of the nozzle supply of liquid substances under any pressure is energetically small, almost only viscous friction. Continuous feeding of the striking elements in the barrel is also no special problems. The question of overheating is removed by the elementary - 3rd component, water with water, we lose the efficiency of the percentage of 10-15, but we obtain gas at least a temperature ... below Crete. T-from water is certainly better not to cool, but it is not 3000 degrees, but only 374.
The rapidity to the sky, the shot does not cost anything ... as an alternative to the AK-630 will go well. Yes, cumbersome. Although the guest also takes place and the installation itself is real in 2 floors.
quote: The rifle on gasoline is the exhibit of the Kuntscamera, there is no useful applications in it.
It is on gasoline based on the OI - yes. But in principle there are chances.
Dr. Gruber 11-12-2009 12:39
qUOTE: I am sure that it will be much worse than the gunpowder, because No gas is distinguished here, the same remains the same from Chem. The process of burning is heated and expands essentially the same volume. And the temperature will also be less. In short, the idea is initially dead as a communism. In the words, everything is chotko and classes for those who have no brain, in fact only negative
Then what should be understood under the processes in the OI? If only gases were warmed and given in pressure, the efficiency would be the same as on a steam engine, only with air instead of water and steam.
------------------
All power to the Council, the world of nations !!!
Alex413. 11-12-2009 22:41
qUOTE: Originally Posted by Dr. Gruber:
Then what should be understood under the processes in the OI? If only gases were warmed and given in pressure, the efficiency would be the same as on a steam engine, only with air instead of water and steam.
The efficiency of the locomotive is made small that the heat of water vaporization is large.
And heating-cooling gas without changing the phase is stirring, he has nothing, decent efficiency
cheater. 12-12-2009 02:51
you are mistaken, stirling is the same carno cycle (diesel locomotive), only with the presence of a regenerator. Look at least Wikipedia, there at the primitive level is explained. And changing the aggregate state here.
buts77 22-04-2010 15:59
If you do not use gases and liquids, such as liquid oxygen and fuel liquid is somehow. ?
kotowsk. 22-04-2010 19:07
qUOTE: If you do not use gases and liquids, such as liquid oxygen and fuel liquid is somehow. ?
it will work great. Only instead of a simple "oak" rifle, we obtain the most complex scientific device with a dozen indicators, weighing 200 kg. But in general, this year there was no such thing for this year. Even missed us, usually a month about gasoline remember.
Flightmouse. 25-04-2010 12:17
Only so will plow.
Gas-Fignul. Running to Erene Fene.
Liquid dose easier.
automatiq 25-04-2010 04:04
qUOTE: Originally posted by Flightmouse:
It is necessary to add a zhmv to the composition of the Oxidizer.
Gasoline (kerosene) + nitrogen rushing (or hydrogen peroxide). Fuel equipment - for experiments, use from gasoline engines with direct fuel injection.
Flightmouse. 25-04-2010 23:13
The injector is the most.
200107051969MMU 02-05-2010 15:42
200107051969MMU 02-05-2010 15:46
It did not finish and with an art shelling or avoiding air crashed more and the attack you can beat. Ha ha ha.
Bolter. 02-05-2010 16:24
qUOTE: Originally posted by 200107051969mmu:
Oh, the guys of Ente Pukalkalka 10 years will designed 10 years old experience 2 years 2 on the bureaucracy and there and Belessa will end. I bet it better on gray hydrogen. The first sketch, panties with a hose, pump, cylinder and all to the gun or machine gun. AND
You even registered it, Eman
mokiy. 18-02-2011 06:41
qUOTE: Rifle on ... gasoline. That, I found in my archives for the 80s, truth on gas. Swivel piston with Forkamera and Candle in the type of automotive.
arthuru. 26-04-2011 23:52
gas is interesting, full of airsoft GBB rifles, all finished, gas tank, valve, store, remains only to make air supply and ignition. someone did, writes that the tank with a lighter is enough for 400 shots
aTGM. 27-04-2011 05:03
qUOTE: The use of two component systems is justified only on the damage of the sea in the city of Uryupinsk, Tambov province
Not for Uryupinsk, but for the village of Bilimbay Sverdlovsk region
In the village of Bilimbai (Sverdlovsk region), the tests of the first domestic sample of small arms ended with a liquid throwing substance (ZHMV) for the production of shots. A group of engineers evacuated to the Urals from Moscow plant N293 tried to solve the problem, using experience on the EDD - it was at this factory that the BI-1 missile fighter was developed and built. The experiented sample was a 14.5-mm machine gun, in the manufacture of the anti-tank gun was used, the components of ZHMV (kerosene and nitric acid) were injected into a snowy space. Subsequently, work on the creation of reliably working weapons on the RED was conducted in many countries of the world, but the problem is not solved so far.
arthuru. 31-08-2011 15:11
qUOTE: Originally posted by mokiy:
. That, I found in my archives for the 80s, truth on gas. Swivel piston with Forkamera and Candle in the type of automotive.
you can not care about the battery, make the gas discharge from the trunk so that the shutter of steel, the coil, a permanent magnet, is obtained automatically, the gene, the gene is charged.
aBC55. 31-08-2011 18:42
from the article
Is it possible to replace the powder gasoline?
Hidden energy has not only powder: both firewood, and stone coal, and kerosene, and gasoline also possess the energy that can be used in their combustion.
So why not use another fuel for a shot, for example gasoline? When burning gasoline, also refers to the gases. Why not put the tank with gasoline over the gun and do not bring it on the tube in the trunk? Then it will be necessary when charging to invest only the projectile, and the "charge" will flow into the trunk itself, only to open a crane!
It would be very convenient.
Yes, and the quality of gasoline as fuel as if the quality of the powder: if you burn one kilogram of gasoline, there are 10,000 large calories, and one kilogram of gunpowder will give when combustion only 665-910 calories, then-there are 11-16 times less than gasoline. This means that a kilogram of gasoline gives so much warmth that it could be heated for one degree 10000 liters of water, and a kilogram of gunpowders only 665-910 liters of water.
Why not "firing gasoline"?
In order to answer this question, you need to see how gasoline burns and how gunpowder burns.
Outdoors and gasoline, and gunpowder is not very slow, but not very fast. They burn, but do not explode. There is no special difference between gasoline and powder.
But quite differently, gasoline and gunpowder will behave, if they are placed in a closed, closed from all sides of the space, devoid of air flow, for example, in the trunk of the gun. In this case, gasoline will not burn in this case: for its burning, the air flow is needed, the influx of oxygen.
Powder in a closed space burns very quickly: it will explode and appeal to the gases.
The burning of the powder in a closed space is a very complex phenomenon, a peculiar, not much similar to ordinary burning. In science, such phenomena is called "explosive decomposition" or "explosive transformation", only conditionally preserving the more familiar name "burning".
Why is powder burning and even explodes without air access?
Because the powder itself contains oxygen, at the expense of which the burning occurs.
In the closed space, the gunpowder burns extremely fast, the gases are highlighted very much, and their temperature is very high. In this essence of the explosion; This is the difference between the explosion from ordinary burning.
So, in order to get an explosion, you need to light powder certainly in the closed space. The flame is then very quickly, almost instantly, it will spread over the surface of the gunpowder, it will be ignition. And then powder burns and turn into gases.
So the explosion flows. It is possible only in the presence of oxygen in the very explosive substance.
This is exactly the feature of the gunpiece and almost all other explosives: they themselves are oxygen, and they do not need oxygen inflow from the outside.
Take at least a powder used from time immemorial: smoky, black powder. It is mixed with coal, agriculture and sulfur. The combustible is coal here. Selitera contains oxygen. And sulfur is introduced so that the gunpowder is easier; In addition, the sulfur serves as a fastening agent, it connects coal with Selutyra. When the explosion, this gunpowder is far from all turns to the gases. Most of the burnt powder, in the form of the smallest solid particles, is deposited on the walls of the barrel channel (NAG) and is thrown into the air in the form of smoke. Therefore, such powder is called smoky.
In modern guns, usually smokeless, pyroxiline powder applies. It is made from a strong explosive - pyroxilina treated with a mixture of alcohol and ether. And Pyroxilin, in turn, is obtained from cotton treated with a mixture of nitric and sulfuric acids.
In pyroxiline powder, as in the smoky, the oxygen contains. This oxygen is highlighted with an explosive of transformation, and the gungight is combustion.
Pyroxiline powder when combustion turns into the gases, does not give smoke.
So, the gunpowder cannot be compared with gasoline: in powder there is everything you need for its burning, and there is no oxygen in gasoline.
Therefore, when it is necessary to achieve a rapid combustion of gasoline in a closed space, for example, in a car engine cylinder, we have to arrange special complex devices in order to pre-
mix gasoline with air-prepare a fuel mixture.
Fig. 16. When burning, the powder is formed much more gases than when burning gasoline
Powder in this respect is much more convenient.
But it's not just a convenience.
We have already said that one kilogram of gasoline gives 10,000 large calories, heat. But it turns out that for the combustion of each kilogram of gasoline, 15.5 kilograms of air should be connected to it. So, 10,000 calories fall on one kilogram, but by 16.5 kilograms of a combustible mixture. The same kilogram will allocate only about 610 calories when burning. This is already less than one kilogram of pyroxiline powder gives.
As we see, a mixture of gasoline with air is powder in powder and calorie.
However, the main thing is still not in this. The main thing is that a lot of gases are formed when the powder explodes. The number of gases formed during the combustion of one liter of smoky and pyroxiline powder is shown in Figure 16.
The volume would occupy this gase when cooled to zero degrees and at a pressure of one atmosphere, then-eating under normal pressure. If you take the volume of powder gases at an explosion temperature, then it will still many times more.
From Figure 16, it can be seen that the pyroxiline powder highlights the gases in four more times more than smoky, black powder. Therefore, pyroxiline powder and stronger smoky.
But this does not exhaust the benefits of gunpowder before ordinary flammable. The speed of transformation of powder in the gases is of great importance.
The explosion of the powder charge during a shot lasts only a few thousandths of a second. The gasoline mixture in the motor cylinder is lit times slower.
The powder charge of a 76-millimeter gun is entirely converted to gases in less than 6 thousandth (0.006) seconds.
Such a small period of time is even difficult to imagine. After all, "MiG" - the flashing of the century of the human eye - lasts about a third of a second.
The explosion of powder charge goes fifty times less time.
The explosion of the smokeless powder charge creates a huge pressure in the trunk: up to 3,500-4,000 atmospheres, then-there is 3,500-4,000 kilograms for each square centimeter.
High pressure of powder gases and a very small time of explosive transformation and create a huge power when shot. Such power under the same conditions does not create any of other flammable.
Eye_of_a_storm 07-09-2011 04:45
Suddenly! Installation gun using a bustane busta blend with air: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v\u003dopxwapn0qxk.
But for combat weapons, this principle is not suitable, definitely. Is that for something embodiment of pneumatics with dulley energies in the Jouley unit, for entertainment shooting.
Alex413. 07-09-2011 10:27
It's funny ... to score a nail into concrete or blocking a piece - this is not a unit of J ...
Eye_of_a_storm 08-09-2011 12:31
82 J Emnip. But the initial speed is low (it is in the mounting pistol). Although, of course, it can be done in the cylinder wall by the cylinder through which the expanding gases will flow into the barrel ...
A. Trunin, A. Makarov, V. Forests
Energy and Industry of Russia No. 06 (122) March 2009
In the XXI century, alternative power technologies should come to the change of "ordinary" engines of internal combustion.
Leading centers and automobiles lead a competitive struggle for "alternative" fuels and energy-saving cycles. Perspective adaptation of existing internal combustion engines to more "hydrogen" and environmentally friendly fuels: alcohols, methane, hydrogen. Alternative power plant cycles (electrical fuel cells, hybrid motors, etc.) are also mastered. The main problem is the high cost and complexity of the total "alternative".
However, even on the so-called "alternative" fuel, the diagram of a piston or gas turbine engine of internal combustion - as a thermal machine for transformation of chemical energy into mechanical work - in fact, "non -ternative". In any case, the dose of fuel (fuel) should burn in compressed air (oxidizing), and products - push the piston or rotate the turbine. Adaptation of the serial "mechanical" engine to fuel - methanol or even hydrogen - does not pretend to "alternative power installation".
Fuel, alternative and not very
It is quite interesting for the workshops of unitary fuels: from Greek Fire with Selutyra and Oil and Chinese "Fiery Arms" - to firearms and defense technologies. Unitary fuels contain and combustible substances, and oxidizers; The oxygen of the air is not needed, and therefore the costs in the "compression" cycle will not be, since there will always be only a cycle of "pure" expansion.
At the same time, unitary fuels are fully operational: turbo-speed torpedoes floated onto a hundred kilometers under water; With high speed, "powder" shells fly and work "non-closure" turbochargers of liquid missiles; Unitary fuels in solid fuel accelerators are burned with space work.
However, for civilian technologies "Defense" oxidizing agents are not suitable due to high cost, risk in circulation or toxicity (hydrogen peroxide, liquid oxygen, nitrogen dioxide, perchlorates and other exotic things).
Hyperdizel
For alternative fuel, the "powder" is also needed alternative "non-closure" engine schemes. However, excluding the cycles of airborne in the scheme of the 4-stroke engine of internal combustion, it is possible to work it to work as a 2-stroke "Hyperdizel" with a hot forkamera mini-reactor, or even reinstall the 1-stroke piston cylinder of the so-called "double action" with mini Fuel dose reactors for cylinder ends.
If the initial parameters (P1, T1) of "water pipe" flashes to set in terms of (so-called "indicator" indicators) of the working mixture of "ordinary" internal combustion engines, then one dual-action cylinder will be equivalent to eight-4-stroke gasoline cylinders. With a large adiabatic expansion of the condensed "nothing" and the vapor-formation of the water-solvent, the liquid cooling of the working area is optional.
To regulate cyclical combustion doses of "liquid powder", water-soluble additives and anti-knock and catalysts are found.
Experiments on oxidizer-containing attacks in the cycle of serial gasoline engines found a small amount of combustion of solutions and a tendency to detonation of combined gas and aerosol charges.
Obviously, for continuous-turbine cycles, expensive and complex air compressors are unlikely to be needed, and the requirements for the heat-resistant working areas are reduced in proportion to the "watering" of oxidizer-containing fuels.
The "powder" engine of the internal combustion will be able to work both on land and in the strata-sphere, on the moon or under water.
Jet screw
Even more "Alternatives", the "jet screw" type propulsion, rotating the reactive exhaust of the nozzles at the ends of the blades. If the mini-reactors of the Liquid Powder are placed there or make in the form of a torus on the axis of rotation of the screw, we will receive a power unit that combines the "engine" function, "propulsion" and "fuel pump"; Friction nodes are only two reference bearing of the rotating axis of the screw. Centrifugal-radial forces "draw-download" a high-pressure solution from the tank through the axis channels and the blades into a hot reactor, from where the compressed gases are thrown through peripheral nozzles.
The starting "promotion" of the screw - from the pyropatrons in a special "ignition chamber". The fuel can not only be solutions of "powder", but also oxidizer-containing emulsions, as well as suspension of coal powder in a thicken solution of ac or even foam. In the last case, the oxidizer-containing solution with excess combustible substances (alcohols, urotropin, stone coal) is introduced by PAV foaming agents, and the simplest "foam carburetor" whipped a low-powder foam with an oxidant air. The axial screw screw-pump is driven by a foam with air into the axial reactor. Afterbing fuel in the air will reduce the voyage of the screw-screw up to 1.5-2 times and, accordingly, will increase the radius of the vehicle movement without refueling. Having concluded a rattling screw in the ring aerodynamic segment, it is possible to increase the safety and useful orientation of the pulse of gas-air masses.
The pushing jet screw can be a propulsioner for individual aircraft.
Nemchanical Aerocycle
The same principle of "non-mechanical gas", in principle, is possible for movement with "repulsion from air" (as in the case of a "reactive screw"). The density of the atmosphere is less than three-order water density - and in the same way it is necessary to increase the passage of the engine-pipe. For "alternative" aircraft (LA), it is possible to place a grille of nozzle injectors, for example, on a plane-biplane between pairs of carrier planes or ... between the fuselage and the annular wing of the ultra-level aircraft (SLA).
The space described by a light ring wing should be at least 20-30 square meters, and in the vertical position of the slate on the "idle go" should slide on the chassis of the "airbag", and on the lessen - it is taken up vertically. After a set of height, the aerocycle lies onto the horizontal course with an economical "aircraft" working body consumption and a support for the annular wing cylinder.
According to estimates, under the take-off weight of the hyperbayak to 300 kilograms, the speed of the gas-air exhaust should be up to 30-40 m / s. The speed of workers "nozzle" gases is necessary an order of magnitude higher, and the spatial pulse of the "exhaust grille" (with a limitation of the length of the "double-circuit" mixing zone) - specially oriented. The efficiency of the "gasoleta" is determined by a drop in pressure and temperature in nozzle nozzles, gas-bearing mixing with air and internal geometry of the direct-flow pipe.
The total "warm wind" of the exhaust - will be one or two orders of magnitude weaker than something gas turbine or rocket ... But if you compare the cost of the "non-mechanical" aerocycle with existing LA in the "Vertical Take-Landing" mode, even with a landing parachute in the nose Week ...
It turns out that the unitary fuel is possible a wide variety of schemes of fundamentally simple gas-entertaining machines, including with the combination of "engine" and "propulsion", fuel-free in "free" air, and even - "non-mechanical" cycles without moving parts, and even in mode Adjustable "continuous explosion".
Fluid phase reactors
Liquid phase mini-reactors are easy to adjust, but they need a high-pressure fuel pump with a solution for supplying a solution from an external tank. In order to save on the mass of the "ballast" solvent (water), the fuel line is heated by countercurrent ("pipe-in-in-pipe") heat of exhaust gases with an adjustable condensation of water vapor back to the tank for dissolving-heating the working portions of the energy carrier.
Then even crystallized fuels can be loaded into the tank (balls, cylinders, ellipsoids) with a minimum content of the "ballast" solvent, which will become "self-substrate" dissolution in the cycle - combustion - dissolution. (The critical diameter of the detonation of high-densite hot races of AU is at least 40-50 millimeters, which is much higher than the desired section of the hot fuel line from the cold tank.)
Up to 5-8 percent of energy will be added to the "FREE" cycle - with the disposal of the condensation heat of waste water. Finally, the heat endoeffect of the dissolution of the AU in water, fortunately, leaks with a noticeable accumulation of heat from the environment (up to 78 kcal / kg), which practically compensates for the warehouse costs of the solvent in the reactor with "self-marketing" of hot plates containing 5-10 percent of water .
Also known promising ways of "Validation" AUs on non-aqueous combustible solvents, where water is absent at all.
Solid fuel gas "Batteries"
In contrast to the "stationary" liquid-phase diagrams, in "disposable" solid fuel elements under pressure, cylindrical charges of crystallized floats in the mode of a pyrotechnic gas generator or a "self-propagating molecular gas wave" are slowly burning. For the simplicity of the design of "solid fuel batteries", you will have to pay the heat-resistantity of the entire body and the difficulties of regulating and starting the reactions. After burning out the charge "Batteries" in its durable case, the Dwarc of a new charge is placed, and the cycle is repeated.
From the "Batarek" you can collect any large "batteries" with receiver and batteries of the "idle" pressure and other design solutions.
Effective catalysts and stabilizers of the reactions of "aqueous pyrotechnic candles" are experimentally found. The combustion rate of charges under pressure in 1 atmosphere for most crystallized hot floats - in the range of 0.1-1.5 mm / s. In the absence of catalysts and special spatial stabilizers of burning "naked" charges of charges in the air "fireproof", since the temperature of their ignition is much higher than the melting point of the mixture and all the resulting heat at 1 atmosphere is spent on melting and vaporization "in-fat".
Replaceable solid fuel elements are promising instead of heavy compressors - like mobile generators of highly laborious gases for the drive of pneumatic tools, pneumatic motors or pneumatic liquid pumps. Liquid-phase and solid fuel reactors are promising for use in "fire" drilling technologies in underground construction, in impulse and defense technologies.
The concept of unitary fuels
At the heart of the natural equilibrium and the functioning of the Earth's biosphere, there are three natural cycles: carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle, water cycle. Until now, the economic activity of a person is based on the extraction and burning of carbon-containing minerals of organic origin accumulated in the earth's crust: stone coal, oil, combustible gases, as well as wood. When they are combed, the oxygen of the atmosphere is consumed, the reserves of the most valuable hydrocarbon and natural raw materials are irreversibly depleted.
By the beginning of the XXI century, the natural equilibrium of the Geoclimatic Machine of the Planet was already disturbed and all of humanity was delivered on the edge of the Global Ecological Catastrophe.
At the same time, there is a possibility of a sharp reduction in the environmental burden on the biosphere using carbon nitrogen-containing renewable energy sources, as well as industrial, "alternative" and natural technologies of its transformation and accumulation, "inscribed" in the natural cycles of the planetary cycling of nitrogen and water.
It is "brief" (although it may be more accurate to say the "newest"), as the Turkish experiment began the beginning of the twentieth century with a "gasoline gun", Soviet experiments of 1942-1943 with liquid PTR and some other exotic leaves for the scene (approx . raigap).
In the US, the concept of liquid firearms began to be engaged in 1950-1960. The base is not necessary for the practical implementation of developments. Before all the promising idea were interested in the aviation industry. In 1975, the US Navy Testing Center announced a competition for the development of a "liquid" automatic 20 mm caliber gun. His winner was the company "GRUMMAN AEROSPACE", which created a four-flooded gun (according to the Gatling scheme) with a bitless charge of a liquid waste substance ...
The diagram of the device of the aviation 25-mm four-band gun of a bitless charging with liquid throwing explosives: 1 - muzzle brake; 2 - cylinder with liquid explosives; 3 - cylinder with oxidizing agent; 4 - shealing compartment; 5 - Block of the trunks, 6 - device feeding device; 7 - drive
Estimated tactical and technical characteristics: shooting paced 4000 SECURITY / min, the initial speed of the projectile is 1200 m / s, the weight of the projectile is 258.8 g, the net weight of the gun is 367 kg, cutting 617 kg. Camcase 600 shells.
In the gun, a two-component liquid throwing explosive was used: high-blooded combustible exothetrohydrodicyclopentadiene and white smoking nitric acid as an oxidizing agent.
A gun with a length of 3.24 m, had a modular design: each of the four modules included a trunk of a length of 2.75 m, a bodily box, pumps for fuel and oxidant injection and shutter. Grumman Aerospace announced the possibility to easily install additional modules, thereby increasing the number of stems. The trunks, as in other guns, the gatling system are connected in the government part, in the middle and in the muzzle cut. Shells are stored in the drum (as in the 20-mm aircraft gun M61 Vulcan), but due to the lack of sleeves it is less and has no extraction mechanism.
The principle of operation of this gun is as follows: shells made of drums are consistently fed into each of the four barrels, the pumps are injected into certain portions of the combustible and oxidant. Supresticial space and electrical ignition of combustible mixture is performed (in the future it was planned to install a laser igniter).
After the shot, the valve opens on the middle trunk clamp, the shutter spilling lever is triggered and the next projectile is served. In case of refusal of the trunk, the lever is stationary and the shutter does not open to a new ignition cycle of combustible mixture. If, when a re-attempt shot does not occur, the special sensor eliminates the refused barrel from further firing, which leads to a decrease in rapidity.
In 1977, Naval Weapons Center (Naval Weapons Center) joined the work. Their 25-mm gun on a two-component rocket fuel with a crucible failed testing.
In 1981, within the framework of the Pulse Power Systems contract, Darpa is started to engage in the American Agency for Advanced Defense Research Projects.
Already in 1986, the Laboratory of Ballistics of the Aberdeen Test Polygon and the Army Center for Research and Development of Armament of the Pikantinsky Arsenal enclose contracts for research and development work with General Electric.
As part of the research, about 2000 shots on laboratory installations of various designs and calibers (from 25 to 105 mm) were produced.
Works were divided into three stages. During the first by 1988, a 155 mm sample was manufactured for static tests on the lafet of the M115 touxed warmness.
Test stand 105-mm gun. Firms "General Electric". Inserts proved the test bunker of the company "General Electric".
During the test, the maximum firing range by the active-reactive projectile M549A1 was 44.4 km at the initial speed of 998 m / s, and the minimal fragantic fugasal M107 is 4.4 km.
The second stage provided for the creation of a self-propelled sample for demonstration tests, the beginning of which was scheduled for the end of 1990. Until the third - the creation of the serial artillery system on ZHM did not come.
Sketch of the 155-mm Maubitis Self-Goes on the JMEl Electric Razm for demonstration tests:
1 - anti-totatic mechanism; 2 - tools; 3 - drive control of the elevation angle; 4 is a tape mechanism for feeding shells; 5 - ammunition of 56 shells; 6 - electrical equipment; 7 - placement of ZHMV; 8 - tower; 9 - drive control of the tower in the horizontal plane; 10 - fire management system
General Electric "also participated in the work on creating a 120-mm tank gun on the RPM and the framework of the BTI program (Balanced Technology Initiative) performed jointly with the UK and Germany.
English experts created a laboratory installation with a 30-mm gun, and ultimately, English developers intend to create a 120 mm tank gun and a 155 mm caliber gautical.
In Germany, research in the field of ZHM was conducted from the beginning of the 70s by the firms "Dil" and "Reinmetal". By 1989 it was planned to demonstrate tests.
Test stand 30-mm guns, firms "Dil".
25-mm automatic gun used by Rainmetal in its early research on ZHM
As for domestic developments, there are practically no reliable information on them.
Interesting information can be found in the anniversary publication of the Nizhny Novgorod OJSC Tsennyi "Burevestnik" called "40 years on guard of the Fatherland and the world. 1970-2010. "
"From the 1st quarter of 1982 ... Tsevnia" The Burevestnik "became the head performer on NIR NV1-142-82" Lava ", in which the Institute together with the enterprises of P / I-8469, P / II B-2281, P / I a-7701 and the Institute of Oil Chemistry from the Academy of Sciences of the USSR worked out a ballistic solution and elements of a tank gun diagram using ZHMV (liquid throwing substances). The studies have made it possible to recommend two directions of design of the artsystem with the use of ZHMV:
- with the placement of the charge of ZHMV in the camar of an artillery gun (volumetric burning);
- with the distribution of charge ZHMV along the length of the barrel channel (distributed feed).
A 57-mm mortar ballistic installation was developed and manufactured, which allows experimental studies on both selected areas. In the continuation of this project, by the decision of the militaryhood since 1985, the Wave was opened from 1985 - "the search for technical directions of the creation of artsystem and ammunition with the use of ZHMI". Scientific supervisor of the topic appointed director of Institute V.M. Chebanenko ...
Another German prototype. 20 mm Rainmetall firm.
Apparently, at the end of the arms race of the arms of research in the field of the Zhmm, if not fully rolled, they slowed down. Enthusiasts continue to experiment, today the number of different patents on the topic is difficult to count. In the bulk, these are various types of manual weapons on the ZHM.
Liquid throwing substances (ZHMV) - Chemical compounds capable of a rapid chemical reaction accompanied by the release of a large number of thermal energy and gaseous products. In the future, they can replace powder as a throwing charge in gunshot weapons.
The principle of the operation of liquid focus itself is relatively simple, but its use in practice causes a number of difficulties that impede the production of the serial gun on the RPM for more than fifty years.
Distinguish between single-component and two-component ZHMS:
Monergoli (Single Pack Charge) - Liquid homogeneous throwing charges consisting of pure compositions with high energy, or mixtures, which form gases by means of an intermolecular reaction (for example, propylnitrate) or catalytic decomposition (for example, hydrogen peroxide, hydrazine and ethylene oxide).
Deergoli (two-component charge) - Clean or mixed liquid fuels and oxidizing agents, which are stored separately and then mixed to cause a reaction in the combustion chamber. Diergoli are divided into self-ignorant and non-flamely. Self-flameless deiergoli is mixed directly in the camar before the shot. Non-flameless deiergoli can be mixed in advance, however, the igniter is required to initiate (for example, pyrotechnic or electric).
Processing methods ZHMV:
I - a bitless charge: 1 - monogerol or non-flameless deiergole; 2 - self-propelled deiergole; 3 - throwing charge; 4 - igniter (electric or pyrotechnic); 5 - fuel; 6 - oxidizing agent in the capsule; 7 - pyrotechnic or mechanical device for breaking the capsule;
II - Regenerative injection: 1 - monogerol or non-flameless deiergole; 2 - Diyergol (or self-igniting deiergole); 3 - Metal charge; 4 - Camera - Purgelessness; 5 - igniter (electric or pyrotechnic); 6 - fuel; 7 - oxidizing agent; 8 - mechanical device for use with self-oscillating deiergoles; 9 is the igniter for non-flameless diergoles.
In the early stages of research in which mortars and small-caliber weapons were used, the so-called method of impiene charging was used for monogerges and diyergols.
When using monoergols and pre-mixed non-flameless diergins, the measured amount of throwing charge was introduced into the cavory and flammped with electric or pyrotechnic igniter. For self-ignorant diyergols, the oxidizer was contained in a capsule, which pierced with a pyrotechnic or mechanical device. As soon as two chemicals were mixed, they spontaneously flammified.
The problems with which they met when using this method of a bitless charge were mainly obsturation and ignition. Neither the constant speed of combustion, no operational safety and could not be achieved.
SCHEME SYSTEM OF THE SUPPLY SYSTEM FOR NEAMSOPLATE DIERGOL:
1 - tank (tank); 2 - fuel; 3 - nutritional pump; 4 - safety valve; 5 - high-speed valve; 6 - intermediate fuel tank; 7 - reliable; 8 - overflow valve; 9 - gun with injection system; 10-ticket supply of the oxidant; 11 - oxidizing agent; 12 - Oxidator supply pipelines with double water-filled with water
To overcome the arisers, it was decided to use the so-called regenerative method or injection.
Essentially, this method means that the throwing charge is absorbed into the cavar of the pressure difference. When the pressure in the campaign increases, the piston takes back, sucking more throwing in Kamor. At the same time, the regulation of the amount of supplied material is carried out by changing the magnitude of the gap. This made it possible to achieve a more combustion.
The diagram showing the proposed layout for the Gaubitis with ZHMV, using the method of regenerative injection:
1 - locking mechanism for all pistons; 2 - Oxidizer charging pistons; 3 - fuel supply pistons; 4 - Injection pistons; 5 - exhaust air valve; 6 - oxidizer; 7 - fuel
This method also has problems. They are concentrated mainly around the friction mechanics when the piston moves, leaks through the gap and the obturation.
Also, domestic experts were considered to create an instrument, with the distribution of charge ZHMV on the length of the barrel channel (distributed feed).
Expected Benefits RPG:
Significant improvement of the characteristics of the gun. Increasing the rate of the projectile at the outlet of the trunk channel of the gun at least 10 percent. (mainly due to higher piezometric efficacy - the ratio of the average gas pressure to the maximum); reduction of peak pressures of gases; decrease in smoke-forming during a shot (argue that the combustion temperature, for example, a deiergole consisting of dilute H202 (hydrogen peroxide) and hydrocarbons, is about 20% lower than the combustion temperature of a standard solid throwing charge);
The possibility of accurate dosing of an explosive substance. A relatively wide selection of charge power with an increase in combat rainformation, speed and accuracy of the pressing make it possible to implement the shelling of the same goal in several conjugate trajectories - which increases the likelihood of its defeat.
Increased survivability. ZHMV is less sensitive to shock loads than powder. The chance that the tank with Monergole detonates relatively not high. Deergoli is completely safe at all, until their components contact with each other.
An increase in rapidity. The use of GDPs in tanks with separate charging machines will lead to the simplification of the design of the charging automaton, together with the lack of need to remove the shooting sleeve to a significant increase in rapidity.
Calculations show that the rapidity of the gun with the RPM is primarily determined by the thermal regime of the barrel. In addition, even modern sleeves of tank shots occupy a significant amount in the tower, it brings us to the next advantage.
Saving volume. The volume for the placement of ammunition of the main weapons within a combat armored car is valued very high.
Despite the fact that each shot requires a significant amount of RPM (almost 10-12 l for one 120-mm armor-piercing oven with separating the driving parts), the liquid is much easier to place than solid throwing projectiles and shells or shots of unitary ammunition.
The literature contains a comparison of the volume of waters in Tanks M-1 and Leopard-2.
Its volume for 42,120 mm tank shots is approximately 2650 liters. The required amount of non-flameless RED (plus shells) for the same number of shells, which should be shown at the same initial speed, will take approximately 1780 l volume.
The undoubted advantage is also the fact that the chemicals for chemicals can be of any form and, therefore, can be designed to optimally use a limited volume in the combat department.
Cost.
Chemicals used in various research programs are widely used in the commercial sector, their production has long been established. Also, due to the simplification of the design, a significant (up to 80%) is expected to reduce the value of throwing charges.
Disadvantages of using ZHMV:
A relatively short shelf life. The disadvantage of ZHM can be considered that some of the monogerges (especially in ammonium hydroxyl nitrate) and diergole oxidants, for example, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) are strongly susceptible to decomposition. It is possible that this limitation will be overcome.
Low environmental friendliness. The question of how strong the impact has these substances on the health of people directly contact with them and the environment is currently understood poorly (at least there is no open data on this account).
The presence of pumping highways. High pressure pipelines suitable to the tower represent a certain hazard for the crew. According to some data, the maximum fluid pressure for the experimental tank gun with ZHM is about 700 mR (7000 bar). For a warm gun, this pressure is approximately 450 mR (4500 bar). It should be noted that these numbers are achieved only in the camar before the shot. In nutrient pipelines, pressure reaches only 1 mR (10 bar). In theory, a throwing charge can be supplied without increased pressure, but it failed to achieve this.
The difficulty of devoid of guns. The design of the cannon must be provided by the method of removal of RED from the cameras in case of drying.
Inner ballistics. The inner ballistics of the ordinary cannon is determined mainly by a standardized voicing charge. The inner ballistics of the gun with the RPM is determined, to a greater extent, the preparation of a throwing charge directly in the camar. In fact, each of the shots done during experiments differed somewhat different from the previous ones.
The main problem, which slowed down the development of liquid artillery guns is to develop methods of predicting and controlling the combustion of ZHMV. At the end of his research in this field, the specialists of the Century "The Burevestnik" came to the conclusions that the development of artillery systems with ultra-high parameters on the basis of ZHMV requires solving such complex gas-dynamics problems and numerical modeling of volumetric combustion processes and non-stationary waves in the expansion zone, which without using Modern supercomputers can not do.
A source-
