Is it possible to get pregnant with an ovarian cyst? Ovarian cyst and pregnancy planning
Every woman before planning conception The baby must be carefully checked for the condition of the genitals. Today, one of the most common problems faced by women of childbearing age is ovarian cyst. What is it and is pregnancy possible with an ovarian cyst? We’ll find out further in the article.
What is an ovarian cyst?
Ovarian cyst- this is an encapsulated accumulation of fluid, which is located on the surface of the ovary or in its thickness. Depending on this type of formation in the ovary itself, its effect on the girl’s body changes, as well as its effect on pregnancy.
Does a cyst affect pregnancy?
Ovarian cyst, which is formed as a result of its functioning, usually does not interfere with conception. Additionally, it may also regress within a few months. It has been proven that cysts can form in a healthy state and can also be a sign hormonal imbalance or inflammatory process. As a rule, these cysts do not reach sizes that are uncomfortable for a woman, but require constant monitoring and, in some cases, treatment.
Types of Cysts
Cystadenoma. This type of cyst is a fluid formation that is located on the surface of the ovary. A dermoid cyst is a congenital formation that can manifest itself at any age. Such a cyst contains tissues of the human body. Cysts
Endometrioid cysts. This type of cyst is one of the manifestations of endometriosis. This is a disease in which the endometrium appears in unusual places. Polycystic ovary syndrome is the formation of a large number of cysts on the surface of the ovaries. These cysts create a dense membrane and interfere with the process. Therefore, the very possibility of conception if a woman has a cyst depends on its type. It is endometrioid cysts and polycystic ovaries that prevent pregnancy.
Cyst treatment
Any cyst should be under constant medical supervision. Doctors themselves will determine in which cases to offer conservative treatment and in which – surgery.
Guarantees of cyst behavior during pregnancy
In such cases, doctors do not guarantee that the pregnancy will proceed smoothly. During pregnancy, cysts may begin to grow, and there is a possibility of a complicated course.
Many women are interested in the question of whether it is possible to get pregnant with an ovarian cyst. No gynecologist can give a definite answer to this. This is mainly due to the different etiology of this benign formation. The ability to get pregnant is also influenced by the size and location of the cyst, the woman’s body type, and the presence of a concomitant adhesive process in the pelvis.
Features of diagnosing ovarian cysts
Difficulties in identifying an ovarian cyst can be caused by various reasons. During the examination, due to the anatomical features of the woman, the doctor may not notice the formation, especially if there are no pronounced symptoms indicating its presence.
Sometimes the opposite happens: myomatous nodes, swollen intestinal loops, etc. are mistaken for a cyst. Therefore, in the conclusion, the doctor usually indicates that a space-occupying formation is detected in the area of the uterine appendages, and to clarify the diagnosis, he directs the patient to an ultrasound examination.
Ultrasound of the pelvic organs is an excellent research method that allows not only to identify a cyst, but also to determine its nature (corpus luteum cyst, follicular, endometrioid or dermoid cyst, ovarian cystoma). Ultrasound diagnostics can also detect ovarian cysts during pregnancy. At the same time, if necessary, a study of the level of CA-125 (a marker of ovarian tumor diseases) should be carried out.
Is it possible to plan a pregnancy with an ovarian cyst and after its removal?
An important issue is not only the ability to get pregnant if there is a cyst in the ovary, but also to bear a child.
If the diagnosis was made during pregnancy planning, then after carrying out the necessary studies, a conservative (medicinal) or surgical treatment method is used. The choice is determined by several factors:
- The age of the woman and the need to preserve her reproductive function;
- The severity of the symptoms of the disease;
- There is a risk of developing a malignant tumor.
It is better to plan pregnancy after an ovarian cyst only after a special course of therapy. If surgery was performed to remove the formation, female body Full recovery usually takes 2 to 6 months.
Follicular ovarian cyst and pregnancy
In a woman's ovary, one follicle grows every month under the influence of pituitary hormones. In a normal menstrual cycle, by the 14th day of the cycle its size reaches 20 mm, after which the follicle ruptures and ovulation occurs. If for some reason ovulation does not occur, a follicular cyst will form, which will subsequently become an obstacle to the growth of other follicles.
Thus, in the presence of a follicular ovarian cyst, pregnancy may not occur due to the fact that normal growth of subsequent follicles is impossible, and, therefore, ovulation is also impossible. Typically, functional cysts regress within a few months on their own or after conservative therapy, without requiring surgical treatment.
However, situations may arise when a woman of reproductive age during two menstrual cycles:
- There are no signs of cyst reduction, and the size of the formation reaches 8 cm or more;
- An elevated level of the tumor marker CA-125 is determined.
In this case, it is necessary to clarify the diagnosis using another diagnostic measure - laparoscopy. Before the examination, gastroscopy, colonoscopy, and ultrasound of the abdominal organs are usually prescribed, which allows us to exclude pathologies gastrointestinal tract and other organs.
Subsequently, the cyst is usually removed. This applies to cystomas (serous, serous papillary, mucinous) and some other types of cysts that pose a danger in terms of the risk of developing cancer. The removed tissue after surgery is sent for histological examination.
The possibility and timing of planning a pregnancy after an ovarian cyst should be discussed with your doctor. Recovery will usually take time. The doctor must also make sure that there is no relapse of the disease.
Endometrioid ovarian cyst and pregnancy
Endometrioid cysts have virtually no effect on follicle growth and conception. And quite often, if a woman has not undergone regular examinations, pregnancy occurs against the background of the presence of such a pathology.
However, it is quite difficult for doctors to predict how pregnancy will proceed with an endometrioid ovarian cyst. This formation is usually a consequence of the proliferation of uterine tissue in the abdominal cavity and ovaries.
Even if the presence of oncologically dangerous cysts is excluded, the increased risk of complications remains. This may be due to the likelihood of rupture of the ovarian cyst or torsion of its pedicle, which often leads to the need for emergency surgical treatment.4 votes)
An ovarian cyst is a pathological hollow neoplasm filled with colorless liquid inside.
There are several types of this pathology:
- follicular;
- paravorial;
- corpus luteum cyst;
- endometrioid tissue cyst;
- dermoid.
The process of cyst formation
During the menstrual cycle, follicles are formed, after which one ruptures and an egg is released. This physiological process is called ovulation. If pregnancy does not occur, the formation of the corpus luteum occurs in the place where the egg was. For unknown reasons, the follicle may continue to grow and reach a large size. Thus, follicular cysts appear. They, like the corpus luteum cyst, are functional in nature and dissolve on their own after 3 months.
Abnormal types of cyst (endometrioid and dermoid) do not disappear and carry the causes of the development of pathological foci and processes. If the tumor reaches a large size, it begins to put pressure on the pelvic organs, causing pain and discomfort. It is necessary to consult a doctor as soon as possible, who will prescribe additional treatment or send you for surgery.
It is also worth paying attention to cystic tumors, which have external signs of cysts and can be either benign or malignant. The formation of a cyst can occur at any stage of life; even during pregnancy, similar complications occur.
Ovarian cyst in the early stages and causes of formation
With the modern level of medicine it is possible to get pregnant even with cystic tumors. As a rule, many cysts are follicular, i.e. functional. Things are much more complicated if a corpus luteum cyst, paravorial or endometrioid ovarian cyst and pregnancy occur at the same time. In such cases there is a risk of premature birth or miscarriage. Therefore, before becoming pregnant, you need to consult a gynecologist and identify the presence of pathology in order to eliminate it in a timely manner.
The reasons for the formation of ovarian cysts during pregnancy have not yet been studied. However, there are a number of factors that can lead to the formation of such a pathological disorder:
- prolonged absence of sexual intercourse;
- frequent surgical interventions and abortions;
- frequent psycho-emotional breakdowns and long-term depression;
- hormonal imbalance;
- inflammatory and infectious processes;
- asthenic or hypersthenic physique;
- short period between pregnancies;
- hereditary predisposition.
How does a cyst manifest itself during pregnancy?
Pathological neoplasm, especially in early pregnancy, in many cases may be asymptomatic. You can find it on ultrasound diagnostics necessary during pregnancy in the first trimester. If follicular cysts are present, a feeling of pressure will be felt, and pain may occur as the tumor grows. Many symptoms may worsen in the second period of the menstrual cycle, and a decrease in basal temperature may also be observed.
With endometrioid cysts, spotting and stool disorders appear. Depending on the size, the severity of symptoms will be observed. The neoplasm of the corpus luteum is functional and may not manifest itself for a long time. Acute symptoms develop in case of torsion of the pedicle of the corpus luteum cyst and are accompanied by acute abdominal pain. This condition requires immediate surgical intervention.
In any case, we can identify a general clinical picture of the presence of any type of benign pathology in the body:
- temperature increase;
- frequent urge to urinate;
- severe tension in the abdominal muscles;
- cardiopalmus;
- pain during sexual intercourse;
- spotting and bleeding;
- aching pain of varying intensity.
Is it dangerous to have a cyst during pregnancy?
Like any other pathology, a cyst during pregnancy is dangerous. Having a benign development, it is capable of growing and reaching large sizes. This can cause the tumor to twist or rupture. If the neoplasm is functional, then it is monitored during pregnancy. If the cyst is prone to growth, it is removed in the second trimester of pregnancy through laparoscopy.
To avoid unpleasant consequences, before becoming pregnant, a woman is recommended to undergo an examination, and in the early stages of pregnancy, especially carefully monitor her health.
Treatment and prevention
Prevention of this pathology consists of timely identification and treatment of inflammatory foci. Once every six months you should visit a gynecologist as planned and do not wait for the appearance of pronounced symptoms and pain. You should also pay special attention to your health during pregnancy so as not to harm yourself and the health of your unborn baby. If a cyst does form, you should strictly follow the doctor’s recommendations, do not expose yourself to excessive physical activity and reduce sexual activity.
If a cystic neoplasm ruptures, you should immediately call a doctor, then you need to understand the seriousness of the situation and, if the doctor insists on surgery, it is best not to resist.
During pregnancy, you need to especially carefully monitor your health and pay attention to all symptoms indicating the formation of pathology. For example, pain in the lower abdomen is not a physiological norm and requires treatment. A cyst can complicate the normal course of pregnancy and cause complicated consequences.
The cause of the neoplasm may be stressful situations, poor nutrition, possible sexually transmitted infections or environmentally unfavorable conditions. Pregnancy and ovarian cyst are phenomena that do not pose a danger to the intrauterine development of the fetus. It is extremely rare for specialists to decide on surgical intervention; often a benign tumor goes away on its own, under the influence of competent therapy.
Types of ovarian cysts
A cyst is a capsule filled with serous fluid. The prescribed treatment depends on what type of tumor is diagnosed:- Follicular (functional or retention) - develops before conception, during ovulation. The follicle from which the egg is released does not open, and a cavity with liquid appears.
- Paraovarian - formed on the appendages and has one chamber.
- Endometrioid – occurs after endometriosis and is characterized by a benign proliferation of tissue with dark blood content.
- Dermoid - grows up to 15 cm without additional symptoms and hormonal disruptions.
- A luteal or corpus luteum cyst of the ovary appears in the first trimester. During the formation of the placenta, the capsule dissolves on its own due to the production of progesterone.
Such neoplasms generally disappear on their own, without any outside intervention. But the growth, size or twisting of the leg can bring a lot of discomfort into the patient’s life. Therefore, specialists should monitor the development, especially during the gestation period.
Are ovarian cysts dangerous during pregnancy?
If a woman managed to conceive a fetus due to the growth of a cavity on the appendages, then for doctors, such a pathology is a reason for more careful observation. The only danger is the growing capsule, which:- puts pressure on the uterus;
- disrupts the normal localization of the appendages;
- provokes tissue death;
- rupture and leakage of liquid.
Pressure or rupture is a provoking factor for premature birth, so experts recommend surgery if there are complications or if tumor degeneration is suspected.
An additional factor when predicting risks is determining the type. The endometrioid type is the most dangerous; it is the cause of infertility in more than 25% of cases.
Ovarian cyst during pregnancy: what to do, how to treat
The functional or luteal type of benign neoplasm indicates that the tumor does not require special treatment if it appears early. Careful monitoring of the patient is carried out in order not to miss the moment of increase.In the worst case scenario, which happens extremely rarely, the help of a surgeon will be required to perform the operation using the laparoscopic method. Several small incisions are made and all the necessary removal procedures are carried out with miniature instruments. During pregnancy, such an operation is not reflected in any way. But to save the child’s life and to reduce the risk of miscarriage, therapy to preserve intrauterine development is prescribed.
If the capsule formation does not cause discomfort to the woman, then only a regular ultrasound examination is prescribed, and the operation is postponed to a later date, possibly after delivery.
Conception and upcoming motherhood must be taken with full responsibility. Planning should begin with a complete diagnosis of the body for pathologies. In most cases, the growth of pathological tissue is asymptomatic, therefore minor nagging pain in the groin area and irregular menstrual cycle become a reason to visit a gynecologist.
Yanina asks:
How does an ovarian cyst affect pregnancy?
Functional cysts during pregnancy, as a rule, regress on their own and do not require medical intervention. As for benign ovarian tumors, the tactics here depend on the severity of clinical symptoms.
If acute symptoms caused by an ovarian cyst (for example, nagging abdominal pain) appear, surgical intervention is indicated regardless of the stage of pregnancy.
The operation to remove the cyst is carried out against the background of conservation therapy in a medical institution where it is possible to provide intensive care to premature newborns.
The laparoscopic method is used in the first half of pregnancy; in later periods, as a rule, open access is used. During pregnancy, they try to perform organ-preserving operations, but even with the removal of the ovary, the risk of miscarriage is relatively low.
If a cyst is accidentally detected during routine examinations of pregnant women in the first trimester of pregnancy, it is advisable to remove it within 14-16 weeks from the start of the last menstruation. By this time, the placenta is fully formed, which avoids the risk of accidental removal of the corpus luteum of pregnancy - a temporary endocrine organ formed at the site of release of a mature egg.
If an ovarian cyst is detected in the second half of pregnancy, medical tactics depend on the ratio of the possible risk of complications of the cyst (rupture, malignant degeneration or torsion of the leg) and the danger of the operation for the life and health of the mother and child. Of course, this ratio is in every special case varies, so the size of the cyst, its location, structure, etc. are taken into account.
If the cyst size is less than 10 cm and there are no signs of malignant degeneration, expectant management is traditionally used, since the risk of complications is low. If such an ovarian cyst does not disappear within 6 weeks after birth, elective surgery is performed.
Hello. I had a cyst 2 years ago. They gave me antibiotics and it resolved. But there is a risk of recurrence; you need to undergo examination every six months. But I haven’t been there for a year. Nothing hurts. About a year ago, intimate life began. Menstruation is regular, but not stable. I used to take Regulon, but stopped about 5 months ago. Protected sex only. A week ago there was an interrupted unprotected act. The next day my period went according to plan. It was heavy and painful, as usual. But after 2 days it was over. There was no day, then the next day they anointed and stopped. Nothing hurts or hurts. What could it be?
