Projects of one-story houses on a rectangular foundation. Rectangular private house projects

The beginning of the construction of a house is the preparation of project documentation, i.e. project or plan of the future building.

The importance of this step should not be underestimated. A well-designed house plan will help you avoid a lot of troubles associated with both the appearance of the future home and its functionality, as well as reliability.

After all project documentation contains not only information about the size and shape of the main elements of the structure, but also provides for the location of communications and other useful information.

The importance of drafting project documentation

Everyone has ever seen a home that can hardly be called aesthetically pleasing. Sometimes these are pretentious buildings, in the appearance of which different styles and materials are mixed, sometimes they are simple house-boxes with small windows and a clear violation of proportions. Such structures are obtained when developers make the following mistakes:

1. The house plan was not prepared during construction.
2. The plan of the house was changed during construction.

It is not difficult to avoid such mistakes today. Featured magazines and resources to help developers the Internet. The easiest way is to use a ready-made plan and design project, which can be copied from the above resources. However, it should be remembered that changing something already finished projects not worth it, because this can negatively affect both the appearance of the structure and the strength of its main elements.

If you nevertheless decide to change or add something, then the most economical option would be to seek help from an architectural student. For little money, he will consider your project with the eyes of a more experienced specialist than you yourself.

You can also use automated programs that allow you to independently prepare a house project of a simple form, even for people with minimal knowledge in the field of construction.

The main sections of a standard house project

As a rule, project documentation for the construction of a house consists of three parts and includes architectural, structural and engineering sections.

The architectural section contains information on the layout of each floor of the building. This is a drawing that contains data on the locations of rooms, corridors, window and door openings, and ventilation shafts. The thickness of the slabs is also indicated here.

The constructive section includes more general characteristics... The location of stairs and passages is indicated here, as well as a description of the specifics of the materials used in the construction.

The location of engineering and communication systems is included in the engineering section of the project. In addition to sewerage and heating schemes, it contains drawings of the location of the electrical network and telephone cable. Recommendations for connecting electrical appliances and plumbing can also be given.

Typical, individual and draft house designs

Although houses are built today in many different shapes, there are only three main types of house designs. Let's consider their features, describe the pros and cons.

A typical project is a project of houses of the same type, prepared in advance and containing all the necessary diagrams, drawings and data, including an estimate. All typical projects and houses are similar to each other.

The main advantages of a typical project are its low cost, reliability, proven by time and other developers, as well as saving time resources for the preparation and execution of documentation.

However, choosing a typical project, you deny yourself the opportunity to change something in the future structure and add something to your taste. In addition, it should be borne in mind that standard projects may not be suitable for the area on which construction is planned.

House sketch project

A draft design is a simplified project of a house, a detailed diagram of a future building. One is somewhat cheaper and is issued in a short time. However, guided only by a draft design during construction, there is a risk of getting a result that is not exactly what you expected.

Due to the lack of detailed diagrams and drawings, construction work and interior decoration get complicated.

Individual house project

An individual project contains all the necessary sections of project documentation, however, unlike a standard one, all drawings, diagrams, descriptions of materials and work progress are drawn up for a specific house and in accordance with the wishes of the customer.

In addition, in this case, the number of people who will live in the house, their tastes and preferences, as well as design ideas, can be taken into account. Another plus is the ability to adjust the cost of finishing the premises.

Of course, this option is not cheap. In addition, the paperwork may require a fairly large amount of time, which, in turn, will delay the construction itself.

Saving on the shape of the house

As we said, building a house starts with planning and preparing a plan.

If you set yourself the task of building a beautiful one, but then you should know some of the nuances: designing a rectangular house will help you save on construction.

Savings and Benefits: Simple shaped houses are easier to design and build. The more corners and bends a building has, the more expensive the project and the actual construction will cost you.

It is also better to make the roof of the house as simple as possible without unnecessary bevels.

In addition to the fact that it is easier and faster to build a house without designer excesses, as a result you can save on heating your home. After all, each ledge and corner is an additional cold bridge, which means additional costs for heating.

Also, when designing a house with a simple form, you are likely to be protected from possible engineering mistakes. After all, buildings of the correct shape are built much more often, which means there is gained experience in compiling accompanying documentation. Of course, structures of an unusual shape are also found in home construction, but most often each such idea requires an individual approach, which does not exclude errors in engineering calculations.

Individuality to a simple structure can be given by including the construction of an attic of an individual plan in the development plan. Houses with an arch shape also look good.

Before starting the construction of a residential building, it is necessary to draw up project documentation. The project is carefully prepared by professionals, it should include useful data that can be useful in the process of building a house.

One-story rectangular house project

The nuances of documentation and the choice of the shape of the house

The document contains complete information about the layout of communications. The document must be drawn up correctly and logically, with full content. The project, drawn up by professionals, serves as a guarantee of a comfortable stay for the owners in their home. Ideally, the project should in reality embody all the owners' ideas about their future home. Often, projects of rectangular houses and cottages are no different from any other options for the construction of private housing of a more complex shape. In any case, the choice of the shape of the house, its silhouette is a creative approach in design, and in this case everything is decided on an individual basis.

When choosing the configuration of the future dwelling, it is undesirable to order projects of buildings of complex polygonal shapes. This is due to considerations of better preservation of warm air in the living space. Currently, the question of how much money the owner of the house will spend on heating it is far from idle. In addition, there are a number of advantages in favor of choosing the layout of rectangular houses:

1. First of all, it is the classic project of a simple rectangular house of a not very elongated shape that makes it possible to reduce costs not only for costs and construction, but also for heating the future building.
2. Projects of rectangular houses are the most economical: when building such a house, less money is spent.
3. The possibility of an engineering error when drawing up design documentation for a simple rectangular house is negligible, because cottages of this shape are constantly being built. Many construction organizations have long learned how to accurately erect rectangular buildings.

Rectangular houses have one major drawback. The rectangular elongated shape of the house increases the area of \u200b\u200bcontact of the outer walls in relation to the internal volume of the room. It is for this reason that a rectangular house requires more energy costs than, for example, a square house. However, this disadvantage is successfully compensated by the reinforced thickness of the wall masonry.

A variant of the layout and rational placement of premises in a rectangular house with an attic

Components of a standard project

When developing a project by special construction organizations, the documentation should consist of three components:

1. The architectural section contains drawings and diagrams of the interior of the building. The drawings indicate not only the location of rooms and corridors, windows and doors, but also the location ventilation shaft, ceiling height. The section details the layout of each floor of the building.
2. The constructive section contains data of a general nature, namely, layouts of the foundation of stairs and transitions, a description of the specifics of building materials.
3. Engineering section. It indicates the location of the engineering and communication systems of the building, draws up detailed sewerage and water supply schemes, drawings of the heating system, the location of electrical and telephone networks. It also describes the recommendations for connecting plumbing and electrical appliances.

Building project types

Depending on the type of house you want to build, you should choose the type of project. , sketch and individual.

Typical project

A typical project is a fully prepared document that is ready set diagrams and drawings with explanatory notes to them and a pre-made cost estimate. All typical projects are created according to the same plan and therefore are very similar to each other. They have both advantages and disadvantages.

Benefits

1. Low cost.
2. Time-proven reliability.
3. There is no need to order a project several weeks in advance, you can buy it immediately, and thereby save time for construction.

disadvantages

1. A typical project does not always correspond to the area on which the house will be built.
2. There is no possibility to add or change anything in the drawing.

Preliminary design

Individual project

An individual project is project documentation, which is a complete and detailed construction plan, which includes the amount of consumables, a layout scheme and a work schedule. It is made by professional specialists, taking into account the wishes of the customer. Recently, individual designs have been gaining popularity because there is a demand for originality. However, they have both advantages and disadvantages.

An example of an individual house project

Benefits

1. When drawing up a project, not only the wishes of the customer are taken into account, but also the number of people who will live in the house, their age, as well as tastes and habits.
2. There is an opportunity to adjust the cost of construction work, you can both reduce costs and increase them.

disadvantages

1. Individual design is a rather expensive option that will require a long investment of funds.
2. Designing takes a long period of time. Construction can take a long time.

In addition, when it is necessary to take into account the characteristics of the main building material, from which the house will be built. Depending on what material will be used in the construction, the thickness of the walls and the density of the building material for laying the foundation should be selected.

A rectangular house project can include a variety of decor elements. These can be small arches, porticos,. Recently they have been extremely popular two-story houses rectangular with an individual building attic.

Two-story project brick house rectangular shape with a bay window and an attic

Before starting construction work, you should decide on the choice of a design company. You will have to cooperate with a designer for more than one day, so this choice should be taken with full responsibility. Projects of rectangular houses and cottages have always been the most common, as they have a number of advantages over other forms of architectural construction.

The Sudeikin roof is a rarity today. Although even 100 years ago, she decorated the huts of entire villages in Russia. Houses with such roofs look impressive and original and always attract everyone's attention.

The main design feature is the absence of rafters. The beams forming the roof system form an octagonal dome. The only support of the entire system is the pillar located in the center.

In our article, we will figure out why only now Sudeikin roofs are becoming popular again and whether it is possible to implement a project for a rectangular house.

A bit of history

Moscow architect Sudeikin Grigory Mikhailovich has developed a guide for builders on the construction of roofs of various shapes. This album was created in 1913 and was named "Projects of Mr. Sudeikin".

Even today, this book is very much appreciated - many builders prefer to assemble roofs according to Sudeikin's schemes, without violating the technology. The architect was an innovator of that time, his buildings have survived to this day in the buildings of Moscow - country dachas, mansions.

But all the same, the main achievement of the inventor is the "Sudeikin roofs" of the dome type. The structure differs from all other roofs in the number of slopes and their arrangement. It is based on as many as eight triangles, half of which are directed downward and the other upward.

Roof Sudeikin photo

Pros and cons of projects with a Sudeikin roof

Sudeikin roofs have a lot of advantages, which influenced the resumption of popularity. But the projects also have weaknesses, due to which the roofing system was inoperable for more than 100 years.

Pros:

The maximum use of the attic space is almost 100%. No other roof can boast such an attic area.

The presence of a small attic above the attic area acts as a kind of ventilation of the under-roof space. This increases the thermal insulation properties of the roofing "pie".

The attic lighting is more than good thanks to the 4 large gable windows.

The Sudeikin roof has a domed structure. The ribs are almost all convex - this excludes the accumulation of a large amount of snow and fine debris on the surface. Roof maintenance in winter and autumn is simplified.

Unique appearance.

The roof is characterized by a sharp slope, due to this, it does not require the installation of a horizontal drainage system.

The minimum amount of building material waste.

Important: many people mistakenly believe that the Sudeikin roof is a lot of waste, which means it is expensive in terms of materials. This is not the case, practice shows that when using the correct coating, there will be a minimum of waste.

Weaknesses of the project:

Most of the roofing elements cannot be mass-produced, but only manually, for this reason, not every construction company provides such services for assembling Sudeikin roofs.

Roof installation takes a lot of time and requires professional participation.

The project is focused on a square house. The Sudeikin roof for a rectangular house is more difficult to implement and costly.

The choice of roofing material

Initially, Sudeikin created his projects for galvanized roofing. But today the developer has a wider choice. Many experts believe that such roofs are more suitable soft roof, and the sheet metal coating will have to be cut a lot.

Important: in the case of Sudeikin's roof, the metal tile is not the best choice... The design requires shingles to cover in one direction and this will result in a lot of waste.

Projects of rectangular houses with a Sudeikin roof

Until recently, it was believed that projects of houses with a Sudeikin roof are suitable only for square houses. But today builders are implementing such roofs on rectangular structures. This project will be more difficult to implement.

The main features of the project of a rectangular house with Sudeikin rabbits from:

The construction is complemented by valleys.

Conventionally, the entire roof is divided into two equal squares. Each of them is implemented according to a standard project, and then combined into a single system.

The base of the Sudeikin's roof is 4 supports (made of timber). They are installed in the corners of the house and are fixed to each other by horizontally laid beams.

To form the frame of the gables, racks are installed in the center of each wall.

A central vertical support - a pillar - is installed on the ceiling of the upper floor in the central part.

Important: the height of the roof, the angle of inclination of the upper hips depends on the dimensions of this support.

To give the structure more rigidity, the upper parts of the gables are connected by horizontal beams.