Septic tank operating principle. Septic tank: characteristics and prices Technical characteristics and design

26.10.2023

The more complex the cleaning mechanism in a drainage well, the higher the quality of the water after it. Septic Tank is one of the most powerful and efficient treatment facilities along with Topas and Triton-Micro

Device and principle of operation

The Tank or Biotank is a complex underground purification device that combines storage tank and biseptic. It is ideal for a private country house, cottage and even several cottages (provided the correct volume is selected).

The operating principle of the Tank system is based on water purification using biological filters. Russian production makes this model one of the best for use in the domestic climate. There are options for 3 people, 5, 8 and even several houses. The latter is convenient in small villages, where it is possible to combine the sewage systems of individual buildings into a single system.

The design of the device is an example of all in technology. One tank made of PVC contains two containers, each of which performs a specific function. The first one is connected to the sewerage inlet pipe. Contaminated water flows from it into the tank. At the entrance, it immediately passes through a coarse filter, after which it settles for several more days. As a result, solid particles settle to the bottom and the already partially purified wastewater is poured into a second container.

The second tank is characterized by the presence of a biological filter, but until the wastewater reaches it, it goes through several stages of cleaning with special meshes. The remaining solid particles are broken down after post-treatment. The procedure is repeated several times until Wastewater ah, there will be only liquid waste left.

After this, the liquid enters the biofilter. This antiseptic uses anaerobic bacteria that can live without consuming oxygen. Liquid purification using microbiological organisms is one of the most popular this moment technologies. With its help, wastewater purity can be achieved up to 99%. But Tank's work doesn't end there.

The last stage of cleaning is pumping water into the infiltrator. This container has no bottom, so it can also be called an open storage well. The maximum filling is within 75%. From it, practically technical water enters the soil. Of course, there is no urgent need to purchase and connect an additional ground filter. You can immediately connect the biofilter to a pipe and remove the wastewater outside the site or into the drainage system.

Advantages of a septic tank Tank:

Installation

Many well-known manufacturers of storage tanks also provide customers with the installation of wells upon purchase; the septic tank Tank is no exception. When purchasing this model from a company store, you have the opportunity to additionally order installation of the device at a reduced price. If you don’t want to overpay, then you can do all the work yourself.

Video on the topic:

Step-by-step instructions on how to install a septic tank Tank with your own hands:

Next, a neck is installed on the septic tank, and it is finally filled up. After 3 days you need to additionally compact it with soil and fill it clean water. After another 3 days, the water drains and you can start working with the treatment plant. On average, with a full load, the wastewater is cleaned for 10 days; this factor must be taken into account when choosing a specific model.

In most cases, the most economical and rational way to install an independent sewer system in an individual home is to install a septic tank. Tank is the leader among septic tanks on the Russian market, distinguished by its affordable price and reliability. Thanks to its well-thought-out design, installation of the device does not cause any particular problems, but in order to avoid errors during installation and further operation, we will analyze in detail all stages of installation.

Tank septic tanks are manufactured in several models, differing in working volume and processing capacity. Regardless of the modification of the “Tank”, the design, principles of operation and installation of each of them are the same, with the exception of some points related to the number of chambers in the septic tank and the nuances of post-treatment.

The body of the “Tank” is made of plastic using a molding method that eliminates the presence of surface seams. The wall thickness is at least 15 mm, and in places where stiffeners are installed (to increase strength and reliability) - 17 mm.

To connect to the sewerage sections, inlet and outlet pipes are installed in the tank, through which wastewater enters and exits the tank. For ease of maintenance, in particular, pumping out bottom sludge with a sewer truck, there is a neck in the upper part of the septic tank.

Inside, the container, depending on the “Tank” model, is divided by partitions into two or three cleaning compartments. After the initial cleaning in the first section, the settled water flows through overflows into the next ones, where it is further purified.

Tank septic tanks are unique in their modular block design: if it is necessary to increase the productivity of the treatment plant, the required number of block modules can be added to it.

After cleaning in a septic tank, the liquid cannot be drained directly into the soil. Additional purification of water is required until it meets the standards of SNiP 2.04.03-85 in an infiltrator or other tertiary treatment facility.

Typical appearance of a septic tank Tank

Regulatory Requirements

Before installing a septic tank Tank with your own hands, you must carefully read the text of two main documents:

SNiP 2.04.03-85, which establishes the rules for the installation of external sewerage networks;
SanPiN 2.1.5.980-00, which sets requirements for the purity of surface waters.

The optimal distance of the septic tank from the house is no more than 6 m, but, at the same time, installation of a septic tank closer than 5 m from the foundation is not recommended due to sanitary and hygienic requirements.

The last restriction is rather advisory in nature, since the “Tank” is a modern treatment plant, during normal operation of which odors characteristic of a septic tank do not appear. At the same time, the shorter the external pipeline, the easier it is for the owner to monitor its operation and the easier it is to avoid blockages. If the pipeline is long, it is necessary to install inspection wells for every 15 m of the pipe length and at places where it turns.

In addition, the following minimum distances must be observed during installation:

1 m - to the foundation of any building located on the site;
2 m - to the boundaries of adjacent areas;
3 m - to the nearest trees;
5 m - to the side of a road with heavy traffic;
10 m - to the reservoir or the nearest water intake point.

It should be noted that the septic tank should be located in such a way that there is free access to it for sewage disposal equipment, or taking into account the fact that the maximum length of the hose used for pumping is 50 m.

Preparatory work

Having selected the location for the septic tank Tank with your own hands in compliance with the requirements of regulatory documents, you should proceed to digging pits to accommodate each individual element of the system. The boundaries of the pit are taken according to the dimensions of the container to be installed. It is not allowed to install the container close to the sides of the pit - the clearance between the body and the wall of the pit should be 25 -30 cm.

The nature of the work performed subsequently is determined by the groundwater level. If the groundwater level is located at a depth of more than 2 m, then a sand cushion up to 30 cm thick is sufficient. The sand is poured in layers of 5-10 cm, each layer is compacted.

If groundwater passes above 2 m from the surface of the earth, and water appears at the site of the future location of the septic tank, additional measures must be taken:

pour a sand cushion at the bottom;
place a reinforced concrete slab on it or concrete the bottom together with the installation of embedded fasteners;
Once lowered, the cleaning device is securely attached to concrete base using bandage straps.

The thickness of the sand layer and reinforced concrete slab must be taken into account when calculating the depth of the septic tank.

Photo: example of a finished pit for installing a septic tank Tank

Between the work of digging a pit and installing a septic tank, a significant break should not be allowed: the pit may collapse or fill with rainwater.

Septic tank installation

To install the “Tank” into a pit yourself, you will need the help of several people and the following materials:

cement;
sand;
rope;
lightweight inorganic sheet insulation (foam is allowed, but not recommended).

The ropes are tied to special technological teeth on the tank body. Before lowering, you must visually check that there is no damage to the container.

Depending on the weight of the specific model, lowering the septic tank into the pit will not be difficult for 2-4 people. To immerse the heaviest cleaning device in the line, for example, Tank-4, the use of lifting equipment may be required.

The container is leveled - by rocking and pouring sand under the bottom, it is installed so that the neck takes on an almost horizontal position. The neck extensions are installed, after which the “Tank” is partially filled with water to check the tightness and compaction of the sand cushion.

Then the “Tank” is uniformly sprinkled with a mixture of cement and sand in a ratio of 1:5 with layer-by-layer compaction to the level of the outlet pipe and its installation. Simultaneously with filling, water should be gradually added to the container so that the water line is always above the filling line - this will prevent the walls from collapsing.

Photo: process of sprinkling during installation

Wastewater treatment device depending on the soil

Leaving the “Tank”, the wastewater has a purification level of up to 80%, therefore discharging it into the soil without additional treatment is not allowed. The same SNiP 2.04.03-85 standardizes the minimum degree of wastewater treatment at 95%.

The installation diagram for a septic tank Tank for different cases involves the installation of various wastewater treatment systems, for example:

filtration well (column);
infiltrator;
filtration field.

Based on the drainage characteristics of the soil and the groundwater drainage line, the installation of one or another system can be effective.

Average or low groundwater level, soil absorption is normal

A universal method of post-treatment and disposal of water purified by a septic tank in such conditions is the installation of an infiltrator, which is a container of elongated rectangular shape, in the bottom of which there are many holes through which relatively purified liquid seeps down.

Infiltrators (in most cases several of them are required) must be installed with your own hands in a separate pit dug at a distance of 1-1.5 m from the treatment tank. The device is connected to the septic tank through its outlet pipe, laid with a slope.

With normal drainage characteristics of the soil, the installation of the infiltrator is carried out on a crushed stone fill with a thickness of 40 cm; for non-draining soils (loam, clay), the thickness of the cushion is assigned to be greater. The side walls are covered with geotextiles. Crushed stone plays the role of a filter - the remaining pollutants settle on it, and the water freed from impurities goes into the soil. The infiltrator, like a septic tank, must be thermally insulated and covered with sand. A ventilation riser is installed at the outlet of the device.

An alternative to constructing an infiltrator is to install a filtration deck. It is installed near the treatment device from 2-4 concrete rings Ø1 m. A crushed stone cushion is poured into the pit, on which the first ring is installed. After sealing the joints, the gap between the rings and the sides of the pit is filled with sand. It is recommended to install the lower ring with perforated walls - through the holes, water will be received by the soil completely purified.

Another option is to install a filtration field. At the selected site, the fertile layer of soil is replaced by layers (at least 30 cm thick) of sand and crushed stone. Placed on this pillow plastic pipes with drainage holes in the walls. The pipes are covered with crushed stone, on which lawn grass is planted or a flower bed is laid out - trees cannot be planted in this area or a vegetable garden can be arranged.

When comparing all three post-treatment methods, it should be noted that the installation of infiltrators is the most rational and environmentally friendly of them. The filtration fields require too large an area; after some time, the silted layers of crushed stone and sand must be replaced. It is easier to replace the crushed stone cushion at the infiltrator, located a meter from the “Tank”. The disadvantage of wells is that the water drainage area is too small.

Normal soils with periodic increases in groundwater level

Often houses are built on areas where there is a periodic rise in groundwater: during times of floods or heavy rainfall. In this case, the soil (sandy loam, sand) has normal absorption, but sometimes the water level rises so much that it can settle at a depth of half a meter from the surface of the earth.

In this case, when installing a Tank septic tank with your own hands, between the septic tank and the post-treatment facility, it is necessary to install a storage well in which the water that has passed through the septic tank can settle for some time without contacting groundwater.

Any method of purification can be adopted.

High ground level

In this case, the Tank septic tank installation scheme also provides for the presence of a storage well between the tank and the treatment facility, but with mandatory installation on the pipe check valve necessary to prevent water from flowing back into the treatment tank.

If the system is possibly overfilled, it is necessary to install a pump to pump out wastewater and discharge it through filtration units.

In this case, it is possible to use only one method of post-treatment - the construction of bulk filtration fields in which crushed stone is poured above the ground level. Such fields can also be constructed using infiltrators.

Poorly absorbent soils

In this case, there can be only one way out - the construction of a filter platform through which the purified water will be discharged into the sewer. This method of post-treatment requires quite a large investment of money and labor - a significant volume of crushed stone and a system for collecting water after treatment are required.

Final works

After the Tank septic tank is installed with your own hands, the power supply cables are installed (for volatile “Tank” models) and connected ventilation systems, their functionality is checked.

After making sure that the devices are operating normally, a layer of insulation is laid, for which it is advisable to use sheet material: isofol, EPPS, etc. The use of polystyrene foam is undesirable - under the load of the soil it will flatten and lose its thermal insulation characteristics. The use of hygroscopic, short-lived mineral wool is also not recommended. It also makes sense to take care of insulation sewer pipe.

The soil removed when digging pits is poured on top of the insulation, level with the general level of the site, but with a small margin for shrinkage.

Photo: Tank septic tank installed on the site

Installation errors

Installation instructions should also be included with the Tank septic tanks. When installing the “Tank”, you must strictly follow each point of this document, since mistakes made can lead to unpleasant consequences. It would also be a good idea to familiarize yourself with photos and videos on specialized forums.

When backfilling the container, the use of earth-moving equipment is not recommended, as this increases the risk of damage to the polypropylene casing.

It is also not allowed to bury the tank below 1 m - this distance is determined from the surface of the soil to the top edge of the tank.

An error associated with insufficiently reliable fastening of the septic tank with bandage belts to the reinforced concrete slab- this is fraught with the floating of the container, destruction of pipe connections, and prolonged restoration of the efficiency of the treatment system.

A common unpleasant consequence of improper installation is a characteristic odor emanating from the location of the tank. The reason here most likely lies in the lack ventilation pipe. Due to lack of ventilation, gases can also enter the home through the sink, toilet and bathtub drains.

The proposed video with a visual display of the main stages of work on a typical installation of a Tank septic tank will help you avoid these and other similar errors during installation.

Installation of a stand-alone device is possible without the involvement of specialists. During operation, a polypropylene septic tank confirms the characteristics declared by the manufacturer.

Device. Dimensions

What does the septic tank Tank 1 consist of? Main details:

three cameras;
two pipes for the entry of contaminated wastewater and the exit of purified water;
inspection hatch;
internal overflow pipe system.

The thickness of the walls is 10 mm, the thickening on the stiffening ribs is 17 mm. Size containers – 1 x 1.2 x 1.7 m, product weight – 75 kg.

The polymer cube has a high inspection hatch for routine maintenance of the structure. The device is used for daily cleaning of wastewater with a volume of no more than six hundred liters. Septic Tank modification “1” is suitable for a family of two or three people.

If an autonomous sewage system is installed on a summer cottage, and wastewater appears irregularly, then this model can be recommended for use by five to seven summer residents.

The robust design and high-quality material from which the cast wastewater treatment tank is made explain the long service life of the septic tank in this series. The simplicity of the device and the absence of fragile parts are the key to long-term operation.

Operating principle

In each chamber, heavy impurities are separated from lighter ones. By the end of the cycle, purified water can be used to irrigate summer cottages, vegetable gardens, and even large areas. After passing through the layers of soil, the water will become as clean as possible.

Purification of contaminated water inside the device occurs in several ways.:

Mechanical.
Chemical.
Biological.

Cleaning scheme:

Contaminated wastewater enters the receiving chamber through the inlet pipe. This compartment occupies the largest volume. This is where the largest and heaviest particles are separated. Fat and organic matter gradually rise to the surface and flow with the flow of water into the next compartment.
In the anaerobic chamber, waste is processed using colonies of special bacteria. Mineral sediments remain at the bottom of the container. When organic waste decomposes, methane is released. Half-purified water flows into the last compartment.
From the last chamber, equipped with a biological filter, the wastewater comes out practically free of impurities and there is no unpleasant odor. The purification level reaches 70%.

It is not advisable to use such water for watering a garden or other useful area. The installation of special infiltration fields can increase the purification rate to 98%.

Advantages

The Septic Tank quickly gained popularity after the appearance of autonomous wastewater treatment systems on the market. There are several reasons:

strength, reliability of design, absence of fragile parts;
long service life - up to 50 years;
complete autonomy of the system;
the presence of an infiltrator complete with the main tank;
small dimensions allow you to install the unit yourself;
no electricity is required to operate the septic tank;
high degree of purification;
there is practically no specific smell;
the need to call a special vehicle to pump out the silt layer accumulated at the bottom only once a year;
the ability to increase system performance by connecting additional modules in series;
reasonable price.

Advice! Don’t skimp on calling sewer trucks to remove accumulated sludge and solids from the bottom of the septic tank. Compaction of sediment may reduce the performance of the device.

Installation instructions for septic tank Tank 1

Handle installation autonomous sewerage Anyone can use the Tank system House master. If you have an assistant, the work will go even faster.

Proceed carefully, following the sequence of work. Compact the layer of sand or cement-sand mixture well when backfilling.

Step by step:

Prepare a pit for installing a septic tank. Level the bottom well by pouring a 30 cm layer of sand. If you are afraid of groundwater, pour a concrete screed.
Fill the pit for the infiltrator with gravel. Layer – up to 40 cm.
Dig trenches for laying sewer pipes. Also add up to 30 cm of sand to the bottom.
Reinstall the main tank and infiltrator, connect the plastic pipes. Be sure to fill the septic tank with water. This will increase the pressure on the soil and the stability of the structure.
The last stage is backfilling. Fill the space on the sides of the tank, the trench with connecting pipes and the free space near the infiltrator with a mixture of sand and cement in a 5:1 ratio or with sand.

Prices

The cost of the basic configuration of the Tank 1 septic tank is about 20 thousand rubles. If necessary, allocate funds to purchase additional elements of an autonomous sewer system. May be required:

extension neck – 2.5 thousand rubles;
cover – 1.9 thousand rubles;
well for a pump, height from 600 to 1600 mm, price 4.2 - 7.9 thousand rubles.

Installation cost septic tank Tank with the help of specialists is in the range of 10–12 thousand rubles. The financial savings when installing an autonomous sewer system yourself are obvious.

At the moment, the best solution when installing a sewer system in the private sector or country house is to install a septic tank. Reviews from people who decided to buy a septic tank show that in most cases its installation helped solve a number of problems and had a positive effect on the quality of water treatment. In Russia, Tank septic tanks have proven themselves well (the most popular are septic tank Tank 1, septic tank Tank 2 and septic tank Tank 3) from the largest manufacturer Triton Plastic LLC.

Model range and their technical characteristics

When choosing a septic tank for a sewage system, the buyer looks at photos and videos, compares prices, reads reviews from owners, studies characteristics and dimensions, operating principles, and visits the manufacturer’s official website. Among users, the best sewer cleaning devices from this manufacturer are considered to be the Tank 1, Tank 2 and Tank 3 models. Let's look at their main characteristics.

Septic Tank 1

The Tank 1 sewer installation, a photo of which can be viewed on the official website, has the smallest size and price. Its height is only 1.7 m with a width of 1 m and a length of 1.2 m. Due to the fact that the weight of the Tank 1 septic tank is within 85 kg, you can install the sewer installation yourself, without calling a team of workers and expensive lifting equipment . More details about installation are described in photo instructions and corresponding videos.

Installing a septic tank Tank 1 will be the best option for a family of 3 people. The characteristics of this sewerage device allow you to clean up to 0.6 m³ of wastewater daily. If necessary, you can additionally purchase wells for the Tank 1 septic tank to extend the neck of the sewerage installation, and in cases where it is impossible to remove purified water from the septic tank by gravity, pump pipes measuring 0.6-1.6 m are purchased. The Tank 1 septic tank is accompanied by instructions that will help you install the Tank 1 septic tank yourself.

Septic Tank 2

The best photos of the Tank 2 septic tank are presented on the manufacturer’s official website. This local installation is the best option when installing a sewer system for a house in which 3-4 people live on a permanent basis. The weight of the Tank 2 septic tank is 130 kg, which makes it difficult to install it yourself. If you wish, you can install it yourself, but to do this you must strictly follow the included instructions.

The dimensions of the Tank 2 septic tank are not very large: its length is 1.8 m, its width is 1.2 m with a height of 1.7 m. These dimensions make it possible to install the septic tank on land plots medium size. The cost of the Tank 2 septic tank, although slightly higher than that of Tank 1, is also quite affordable. Thanks to its technical characteristics, the installation is capable of processing up to 0.8 cubic meters per day. Septic tank Tank 2, if necessary, can be equipped with rings to extend the neck and pump pipes.

For families of 5 people, the manufacturer developed Tank 2.5, the volume of which was increased by 500 liters. Compared to the Tank 2 septic tank, Tank 2.5 can purify up to 1 cubic meter of sewage water per day. The dimensions of the septic tank have changed slightly: the installation width has remained the same, but the length and height have increased, respectively, to 2.03 m and 1.85 m. Due to the heavy weight, it will be difficult to install the septic tank yourself.

Septic Tank 3

The height of the septic tank is 2 m, and the height is 2.2 m. The width remains the same as that of previous models (1.2 m). Due to its large overall dimensions, to install the Tank 3 septic tank, you will need to dig a fairly large pit, which will be difficult to do yourself. It is difficult to install the Tank 3 septic tank with your own hands due to the heavy weight of this sewer installation (150 kg).

The price of the Tank 3 septic tank has also increased. But this is the result of improved performance characteristics: in particular, productivity, thanks to which the Tank 3 septic tank can process up to 1.2 cubic meters of sewage per day. This setup is best suited for the average family of 5 people.

Advantages and disadvantages

Tank septic tank users generally respond positively to these sewage systems. Positive reviews are determined by the following advantages of septic tanks of the Tank series:

The main thing that people noted in their reviews is complete absence odors during septic tank operation. If there is a regular cesspool on a summer cottage, which acts as a sewer, an unpleasant odor and heaps of flies penetrate into the house. Just to get rid of them, many are ready to buy a Tank septic tank, although its price is quite significant;
The manufacturer offers consumers different models septic tanks: Tank 1, Tank 2, Tank 3, etc. Based on the number of users permanently residing in the house, you can select best model with optimal dimensions and characteristics. Photos of septic tanks are on the official website;
Purified sewage water, passing through the infiltrator, is further purified to 98%;
Septic tanks from this manufacturer (septic tank Tank 1, septic tank Tank 2, septic tank Tank 3, etc.) are quite compact in size and light in weight. This allows you to install some models yourself without inviting a team of workers or hiring equipment (Tank 1). The installation of a septic tank tank must be carried out strictly in accordance with the instructions. There are many photos and videos on the Internet that show how to properly install a septic tank Tank with your own hands. But to install the Tank 3 septic tank, you will most likely have to resort to the help of special equipment;
These sewer installations have a simple design and therefore rarely break down;
The septic tank body is made of durable plastic, so it can easily withstand the pressure of the earth layer and other influences;
Easy installation maintenance. In the instructions, the manufacturer recommends cleaning the septic tank chambers and pumping out waste using a vacuum cleaner only once a year. Failure to follow this simple rule may adversely affect the operation of the installation;
The use of biological products has a positive effect on the operation of the septic tank (and this is confirmed by reviews). In this case, the sediment from the septic tank may not be pumped out for 5-7 years;
Compared to sewerage installations from other manufacturers, septic tanks Tank 1, Tank 2, Tank 3, etc. have low cost. For example, the price with turnkey installation of a Tank 3 septic tank will be only about 90 thousand rubles;
The manufacturer provides a three-year warranty on its septic tanks. But such a guarantee will only be provided if the installation instructions have been fully followed;
When installing a septic tank, concreting the bottom of the dug pit is not required;
Septic tanks Tank 1, Tank 2, Tank 3 and other representatives of the model range are completely energy independent.

Despite the positive features, Tank septic tanks are still not ideal sewage systems, which is confirmed by some negative reviews. The main disadvantages of these sewer devices are:

The need for periodic pumping of sewage sludge from a septic tank using special equipment. Otherwise, this will negatively affect the efficiency of the septic tank;
Despite the fact that installing a septic tank Tank is not difficult, you need to thoroughly prepare for it. According to the instructions, it is necessary to select an installation scheme in accordance with the geological characteristics of the site. Only in this case will you be able to correctly install a septic tank with your own hands. Photos and installation diagrams can be viewed on the manufacturer’s website.

In general, compared to the mass of positive features, the disadvantages are not so significant.

Design and principle of operation

Septic tanks Tank 1, Tank 2 and Tank 3 are very similar in design: they are distinguished only by their overall dimensions. These sewerage installations have a molded polypropylene body with a wall thickness of 1 cm (some places are reinforced, where the thickness reaches 1.7 cm). To increase the strength characteristics, there are stiffening ribs around the perimeter of the septic tank body outside and inside. The device and principle of operation are shown in the photo.

Inside, the polypropylene body of the septic tank is divided into three chambers. The principle of operation of the septic tank Tank is based on the fact that sewer liquid alternately passes through these three compartments:

The primary chamber of the septic tank, which occupies the largest volume. Here, settling of the incoming sewage water occurs: particles that have a large weight sink down, and those whose weight is small rise to the surface, forming a crust of foam. This crust prevents the penetration of oxygen and creates a septic tank inside good conditions for the life of anaerobic microorganisms. Afterwards, the clarified wastewater goes into the next chamber of the septic tank;
Anaerobic chamber. Here, the organic components of sewage are processed by anaerobic bacteria (alkaline fermentation). As a result, mineral sediments fall to the bottom of this septic tank chamber, and a large amount of methane is released, displacing oxygen from the liquid;
The last chamber of the septic tank is a biofilter. Here the final decomposition of organic substances into minerals that settle to the bottom and methane takes place. In this septic tank chamber, sewage is purified up to 70%.

Thus, the operating principle of the septic tank Tank, like most local sewerage devices, is based on a combination of mechanical and biological treatment. For post-treatment of sewage water, septic tanks are equipped with additional devices - infiltrators (you can also install them yourself). Their number depends on the soil characteristics of the site. After passing through the infiltrators, the water is purified up to 98%.

User manual

In order for the septic tank Tank 1, Tank 2, Tank 3 or another model to serve for a long time without failures, you must follow the operating instructions. Failure to comply with these simple techniques (and this is confirmed by reviews) negatively affects the operation of the sewer installation.

The instructions include the following points:

The principle of operation of the septic tank The tank is based on bio-treatment, so substances that cannot be decomposed by bacteria cannot be thrown into the sewer: any medicinal preparations, chlorine-containing and alkaline compounds. Failure to comply with this rule will negatively affect the operation of the sewer device and may lead to its breakdown.
According to the instructions, the septic tank should be installed at a distance of at least 3 m from trees and bushes.
It is necessary to carry out regular maintenance of the septic tank. You can clean the chambers and preserve the septic tank for the winter with your own hands, but to pump out the sediment you will have to call a sewer truck.

DIY installation and installation: video with photos

This section presents the best videos and photos from detailed description the process of installing a septic tank Tank with your own hands. After watching these video and photo instructions, you can try to install the Tank 1, Tank 2 or Tank 3 septic tank yourself.

The installation diagram (see photo) shows that to improve the quality of sewer liquid treatment, it is necessary to install infiltration fields.

For high-quality installation with your own hands, you need to follow the instructions:

A pit is being dug, the dimensions of which exceed the dimensions of the septic tank. A sand cushion is laid at the bottom in a layer of about 40 cm (see photo). If the septic tank is small in size, this can easily be done with your own hands.
If the groundwater is shallow, a reinforced concrete slab is additionally placed on the bottom.
Next, the septic tank itself is lowered into the pit.
The sewer pipe to the septic tank is being installed (see photo).
The septic tank is filled to a quarter with water.
The side parts of the septic tank are filled with sand up to the level of the inspection hatch neck (see photo).
The infiltrator is being installed (see photo).

Below you can watch a video of installing a septic tank with your own hands.

Preservation of the septic tank Tank for the winter

According to the instructions, if the septic tank (Tank 1, Tank 2 or Tank 3) will not be used in the winter, it must be preserved. All this is easy to do with your own hands. First, the sewage system is cleaned and filled to one third with clean water. Then, as some owners advise in their reviews, plastic bottles of water are lowered into the chamber so that they half stick out of the water. This technique, even in severe frosts, will prevent the ice crust from filling the entire volume of the chamber. If desired, the septic tank lid can be additionally insulated with heat-insulating materials.

Service

Maintaining a septic tank is not difficult - you can do it yourself.

It is advisable to check the quality of the sewer fluid at least once every 2-3 days after leaving the device. A slight yellowness is acceptable, but overall the water should be clear.
Once every 6 months, determine the level of sludge in the septic tank chamber. The principle of operation is as follows: 5 hours before, you need to stop discharging sewage into the septic tank and then use a wooden stick or level to check the height of the sludge sediment. If it exceeds 50 cm, it is necessary to pump out the liquid from the septic tank chamber.
Once a year, pump out the sediment from the receiving chamber of the septic tank and wash the filter elements of the installation.
Periodic replenishment of the colony of microorganisms has a positive effect on the operation of the septic tank.

Price

Prices for septic tanks depend, first of all, on the model. So, Tank 1 is the cheapest model, and the cost of the Tank 3 model will be higher. Approximate prices for the central region are listed below.

Table 1– Prices for various models of septic tanks Tank

Septic tank prices may decrease during promotions and discounts. The cost of installing a turnkey Tank septic tank is in the range of 25-37 thousand rubles. depending on the model.

IN modern conditions the most practical solution for autonomous sewerage is septic tanks. They have to be pumped out much less frequently, because the system undergoes a constant process of cleaning sewage. Most of the waste is processed into ordinary water, which can be poured into deep layers of soil without harm to environment. At the moment, Tank septic tanks are very popular due to their greater availability. Septic tank Tank 1 is the simplest and smallest design. In addition, such a septic tank is also one of the cheapest among all market offers.

What are the differences between the Tank 1 septic tank and other models?

Septic tanks Tank 1 differ not only in comparison with other models of the manufacturer. They are noticeably different from all other equipment of this kind. First of all, the scope of application.

Scope of application

This septic tank has a very small volume, only 1200 liters. This will be enough only for a house where only 1-2 people live.

This feature makes the design simply an ideal solution for houses with seasonal residence and for summer cottages.

In fact, it is summer residents who are the most frequent buyers of such models. Choosing such a septic tank will allow you to significantly save on the installation of an autonomous sewer system. But at the same time, its technical characteristics will be quite sufficient for comfortable living in country house for 2–3 days a week. It still needs to be pumped out rarely, even if 5-6 people use the water supply.

Advantages and disadvantages

Positive aspects Such a system has a lot:

When talking about the Tank 1 septic tank, you should always first of all point out its availability. Purchasing and installing such a structure will cost only a little more than a cesspool, but you will get much more convenience.
Even though outwardly the system seems too small, there are as many as 3 chambers inside it, which allow for excellent step-by-step wastewater treatment.
When used seasonally, no more than 2-3 days a week, or when installed in a house where only 1-2 people permanently live, the septic tank must be pumped out no more than once every 6 months. Unfortunately, the septic tank can no longer cope with heavy loads.
The service life guaranteed by the manufacturer starts from 20 years, but practice shows that under normal loads, any product in the Tank line can perform all its functions for a longer period.
The main body of the model is made of durable plastic, the wall thickness of which is at least 10 mm.
At the same time, the system remains quite lightweight, which greatly simplifies its installation. When installing a septic tank, you don’t even have to resort to the services of lifting equipment. In addition, if you have suitable transportation, in most cases there is no need to spend money on transportation.
All products from the Tank company have a very interesting design. There are stiffening ribs on their body. The wall thickness in these areas is usually slightly greater than in the rest and can reach 17 mm.
Stiffening ribs provide several advantages at once. Firstly, they increase the strength of the structure, and secondly, they significantly reduce thermal conductivity. Thanks to the second advantage, such septic tanks cope better with temperature changes.

In addition to the main body of the model, you can purchase several separate elements that will allow you to install it in almost any type of soil. This feature makes the Tank 1 septic tank a universal device.
Tank septic tanks are produced in Russia, due to this their final price is significantly reduced, and in addition, it is simplified Maintenance and replacement in case of defect.

Most notable shortcomings For a septic tank, only 2 can be distinguished:

The design is not suitable for permanent use or installation at production facilities. It is simply not adapted to such loads.
Despite the fact that the manufacturer tries to maximize protection from the cold, in winter such septic tanks still do not work very well. Therefore, at the installation stage they have to be additionally insulated. Even with free installation from the seller, you will still have to pay additional costs for insulating materials.

Specifications

The main technical characteristics of the design can be seen in the following table:

Pay attention to the weight. At the moment, the Tank 1 septic tank is one of the lightest among all similar structures from different manufacturers. Its compact size doesn't hinder its performance.

Principle of operation

In total, the design contains 2 chambers: a receiving chamber and a secondary settling tank.

Already by name receiving chamber It becomes clear that sewage flows primarily end up there.

This is where the primary cleaning process takes place. Sewage is divided into 2 layers. Heavy impurities remain below, and clarified water remains on top. This chamber also provides constant air circulation, which provides an incentive for the development of beneficial bacteria. They feed on organic waste and process it into a solid mass. Due to this, the process of peeling off waste occurs even faster.

After the first chamber is filled to a certain level, its upper layer flows through a special channel into the second chamber, the secondary settling tank. The same process of division into factions occurs there. As a result, sewage will be purified by more than 70%. This will not be enough for a harmless release into the soil.

For this reason, there is another additional element, infiltrator, which in most cases is required when purchasing a septic tank Tank 1. Its price does not greatly affect the overall cost of the structure, but in the future, thanks to it, you can avoid problems with the environmental control service.

The infiltrator is a separate compartment into which liquid from the secondary settling tank enters through a special pipe. The infiltrator contains a fairly powerful filter, which allows you to clean sewage up to 90% even without settling.

Such water can not only be safely poured into the ground, thereby ensuring a constant process of self-cleaning of the septic tank, but can even be used for technical needs. True, the design of the infiltrator does not allow collecting already purified water. All liquid immediately falls into the ground.

Installation instructions

Reviews of the Tank 1 septic tank often mention how easy it is to install. For the most part, almost anyone can cope with this task, of course, with certain instructions.

True, most often you do not have to worry about installation, because many distributors already include payment for this service in the final cost of the design.

The installation itself begins with the selection optimal location for a septic tank. You can see all the basic requirements of sanitary rules in the following diagram.

Based on these requirements, the optimal installation location is selected. Here it is necessary to outline the boundaries of the future pit. Its width and length should be 50-60 cm larger than the septic tank itself. Depth – 20–30 cm. In the case of an infiltrator, the pit must be made approximately 50–60 cm deeper. This reserve is required for the filter pad.

Most often, special equipment is used to prepare the pit, but in principle this task can be done manually, but you will have to spend much more time.

An even layer is laid out at the bottom of the pit under the septic tank. sand. This is done in order to avoid pushing through the septic tank if it is completely filled.

Due to its light weight, even a sand screed can cope with this task. In the case of larger septic tanks, it is necessary to make a concrete screed, which further increases the time spent on installing the structure.

Sand and gravel are poured into the pit for the infiltrator in layers. To prevent them from mixing, a layer is placed between the layers. geotextiles. Sand, gravel and textiles together will become a simple filter pad, which will provide an additional level of wastewater purification before absorption into the ground.

Then all that remains is to immerse a layer of heat-insulating material at the bottom of the first, larger pit. This can be either ordinary mineral wool or materials with a metallized layer. It all depends on the constant winter temperature in your area. The lower it is, the more measures will have to be taken to insulate the system.

After the infiltrator and the septic tank itself are connected to each other and connected to the external sewer outlet, the main part of the structure is also insulated. Most often, the system body is simply wrapped in mineral wool.

There is no need to additionally insulate the infiltrator, because water does not accumulate inside it, which means it cannot freeze.

Now all that remains is to fill the septic tank about a third with ordinary water and you can cover it with topsoil, leaving only hatches and air ducts on the surface. Filling the septic tank is necessary so that it cannot be pushed up by soil or groundwater.

After this, the device is completely ready for use.

How to clean a septic tank Tank 1

In larger Tank designs, separate hatches are provided for each chamber of the system. This makes cleaning the container even easier.

Each chamber is pumped out separately. The dimensions of the structure do not allow for the luxury of several separate hatches, so both chambers will have to be pumped out through one. The equipment hose is lowered alternately first into one chamber and then into the other.

Typically, cleaning is done using special sewage disposal machines, but if you have the opportunity to remove waste from the site yourself, you can use standard fecal pumps.

The septic tank should be cleaned no more often than once every 6 months. This, of course, is provided that it is used correctly, according to the loads for which it is adapted. If you want to clean even less frequently, you can use special products that are made from real, living bacteria. It allows you to make the cleaning process faster and better. Even more waste from the septic tank will go into the ground in the form of water.

What is the price

This model is one of the cheapest at the moment. Its structure, dimensions, as well as the fact that the equipment is produced in Russia, can significantly reduce the cost.

The system reaches the final buyer at a price of 35 thousand rubles. Typically, it also includes installation services, an infiltrator and a warranty of up to 20 years.