Sheet building materials. Sheet building material
Slab building materials - products in the form of slabs or sheets, intended for the creation of constructions and finishing of buildings. The article will not touch upon concrete slabs - it will be about wood, polymer and combined optionsintended for manual installation.
Structural plates
Factory products based on combined raw materials are called structural plates - they are used to create support and bearing structures... They can be applied to all areas of the building.
Functions performed by slab material in building elements:
- Cohesion of frame elements, rafter system in one design. The ribs are given spatial rigidity and a continuous surface for subsequent finishing.
- Leveling and strengthening of the plane (property is used when repairing the floor).
- Intermediate layer (used for vibration, noise and heat insulation).
- Combined function (refers to structural and finishing materials). It performs the function of uniting the frame and has a decorative layer.
OSB or "Canadian plywood"
Board obtained by hot pressing a mixture of wood chips and polymer (epoxy) glue. Over the past 10 years, it has literally conquered the Russian board materials market. Main advantages:
- Utilitarian properties.
- A variety of safety classes (and prices, respectively).
- Cheap raw materials give a reasonable price for the product.
Disadvantages:
- Technical material - no finishing properties.
- Poorly holding fasteners.
DSP is applicable only as an intermediate layer - it requires protection from the atmosphere and does not have decorative look... But it perfectly absorbs noise, accepts plaster, is vapor-permeable and is inexpensive.
Do-it-yourself economical way of soundproofing a DSP apartment
Sound insulation in apartments is an urgent problem, the solution of which leads to a crossroads: high-quality noise blocking requires an insulating layer of at least 50 mm (or better 100 mm) and a frame, and this reduces the already modest dimensions of rooms. We will describe a way to solve this issue using an inexpensive material with combined properties - cement-bonded particle board.
Progress:
1. Prepare the wall for work - remove or repair loose areas. The wall can be made of any material - brick, concrete, blocks, wood. When mounting on a frame, create a plan (drawing) with frame edges and anchor to fixed points.
2. Fasten the slab 30-50 mm thick to the stone wall with a dowel-umbrella with alternating joints. The plate is attached to the frame with self-tapping screws and a washer. Applying polyurethane foam to the contact surface will be a good plus.
3. When joining the boards, leave a gap of 10 mm, which is then filled with polyurethane foam.
4. Plaster or putty can be immediately applied to the surface. Installation of gypsum board over the DSP can be done in two ways:
- for multiple fastenings with self-tapping screws to DSP with a pitch of 150 mm. This plate does not hold the fasteners well, so the number of self-tapping screws should be more than for fastening to a rigid base. This option is permissible with a slab thickness of 50 mm. The length of the screws is equal to the plate thickness minus 5 mm;
- on gypsum glue. In this case, the sheets are mounted according to the instructions of this method - the glue is applied to the contact surface and the sheet is pressed down with accompanying alignment.
This method is good because it is frameless and due to this it is cheaper than any option with special materials.
Table. Approximate market value of panel materials for construction
| Name | Thickness, mm | Note | Cost of 1 m 2, cu e. |
| OSB-3 (E1) | 9 | KRONOSPAN, Romania 2500х1250 mm | 3 |
| OSB-3 (E1) | 9 | Bolderaja, Latvia 2500х1250 mm | 4,3 |
| OSB-3 (E1) | 18 | KRONOSPAN, Romania 2500x1250mm | 6,8 |
| Chipboard | 16 | Ground, Russia, 3500x1750 mm | 3,35 |
| Constructive plywood (E1) | 20 | FSF (moisture resistant, polished), Russia, 1525x1525 mm | 9,2 |
| Film faced plywood (E4) | 22 | Formwork, brand IF LIPJD 1F50M, Russia or China, 2500x1250 mm | 33 |
| 20 | Plate thickness from 7 to 60 mm, large thickness to order, Russia, 1520x1520 mm | 87 | |
| Laminate (E2) | 60 | Plate thickness from 7 to 60 mm, large thickness to order, Russia, 1520x1520mm | 265 |
The materials mentioned in the article are basic and the most common. Their market share is 80-85%. The remaining 15% are more rare products, for example, plywood, OSB and chipboard, laminated with a plastic layer. Such materials are rarely found on the free market and are usually produced to order for a specific job.
Vitaly Dolbinov, rmnt.ru
Currently in construction world there is a wide selection of sheet materials for flooring. Everyone can find the best option for themselves and create an individual ideal coverage.
Is a plate that has standard size, established by the manufacturer, in the production process of which a special unique technology is used, for each item its own. Sheet materials are mainly used for leveling and flooring. The material is quite convenient in work, completely eliminates "wet" installation processes, the activity becomes pleasant, fast and clean!
Sheets are most often fixed with construction glue. Sometimes experts use other materials, the most important thing is that the surface must be stable, durable and even.
The most popular sheet material for flooring is plywood. These are glued sheets of wood veneer. The material has the necessary strength, is sufficiently resistant to moisture. Most often, plywood is used as a backing for the subsequent installation of flooring. The thickness of the material can be from four to twenty-four millimeters.
Particle board is also used most often as a base. It is a shavings glued together under a press. The shavings are laid using a special technology, in a certain way, so that the material is strong enough. The board can be: varnished, laminated or grooved.
Hardboard is an ideal substrate for linoleum or carpet. An excellent base that can level the floor. The material is obtained by pressing sawdust, shavings with a binder. It is not recommended to use hardboard in places where there is a high level of humidity, as the plate can deform from water.
Gypsum fiber sheet is used to organize dry floor screed. It is easy to work with the material, adjust the shape and size. The sheet is based on gypsum and cellulose waste paper.
The most durable material, resistant to temperature changes, is aceid. This unique material is made on the basis of cement, it is a slab or board. Aceid does not allow water to pass through, has excellent sound insulation properties. The thickness of the slab can be forty millimeters.
Glass and magnesium sheet. The second name is magnesite slab. A material that has both strength and ductility at the same time. It also has excellent fire resistance and excellent sound insulation. The material is easy to process, used for flooring, filling the house with peace and comfort.
Polymer materials and sheet plastics
Caprolon rod
Caprolon rod- possesses high performance characteristics: strength, wear resistance, resistance to shock loads, insensitivity to aggressive substances and environments, high corrosion and biological resistance, high dielectric properties, as well as hygiene (caprolon and products made from it are approved for use in food, chemical and pharmaceutical industry)
Sheet PC
Polycarbonate (PC)- colorless hard polymer plastic, characterized by lightness, high strength, transparency, plasticity, frost resistance and durability. Cellular polycarbonate has become very popular among gardeners and truck farmers. This lightweight transparent thin plastic sheet allowed early green production to be grown. Plates of cellular polycarbonate are a good heat insulator that keeps ultraviolet rays harmful to plants. For sheet monolithic polycarbonate and cellular polycarbonate the price is lower than that of the manufacturer!
HDPE sheet
Low pressure polyethylene (HDPE)- dense and rigid sheet material, translucent without pigmentation (can be painted black or any other color), in an assortment of different thicknesses. It is widely used in waterproofing, construction and installation purposes, for the manufacture of various containers, the production of boards for sports grounds, many other items and their elements. HDPE sheet from League of Projects has been tested by the largest construction and manufacturing companies in Russia!
