Yuri Nagibin is an outstanding writer, one of the classics of Soviet literature, screenwriter, publicist, native Muscovite, born on 04/03/1920.

Childhood

The fact that the writer is of noble origin became known even when he became famous and popular. For many years, the mother and stepfather Mark Leventhal, whom Nagibin considered his own father, kept the secret of his birth in the strictest confidence. And even the boy's middle name was not given from his own father.

In fact, according to the documents, there was no stepfather. Yuri's own father, a White Guard nobleman, was shot several months before the birth of his son. Upon learning of the death of her husband, his mother, a blonde beauty, fell into despair and even tried to get rid of the child. Fortunately, these attempts have failed.

The support and support of the desperate woman was her husband's friend, a well-known Moscow lawyer Mark Leventhal, who married her and thus officially became Nagibin's father. However, this marriage was not destined to last long.

In 1927, in the first wave of mass Stalinist purges, Leventhal was forever expelled from Moscow. He does not return from distant Komi. The fact that he went to see his father, Nagibin told only after his death.

He grew up with his stepfather - the writer Yakov Rykachev. This is not to say that they have developed a close relationship. However, it was his stepfather who noticed that the boy had a very vivid imagination and suggested that he try to write the first story.

Nagibin recalls this literary experience with a smile. The story turned out to be very awkward. But the boy liked the process of fantasizing on paper. Only the mother was not delighted with these experiments.

Attempt at writing

All the while he was in school, Nagibin continued to write: articles for wall newspapers, stories for himself, imitations of famous writers. But after receiving the certificate, the mother insisted that a serious profession be acquired, and the documents were submitted to the medical institute. Yuri studied there for only a year.

Perhaps he would not have dared to go against the will of his mother if he had not learned that a new faculty was opened at VGIK, which was engaged in the preparation of screenwriters. The temptation was too great, and Nagibin took the documents from the medical school, successfully passed the exams and became a student at the country's main film school.

Just a year later, in 1940, he published his first story in one of the Moscow magazines. To the surprise of the author himself, he was very well received not only by readers and fellow writers, but also by literary critics, who at that time could cross out the writer's future with just one harsh review.

In this case, everything happened the other way around - in the same year, on the recommendation of Kataev, young Nagibin was admitted to the Writers' Union.

War years

It would seem that everything is going as well as possible. But the peaceful life was interrupted by the war. The novice writer voluntarily goes to the front and first becomes an instructor of the political administration, spends a lot of time on the front lines, maintaining the morale of the Red Army soldiers.

In 1942 he was admitted to the hospital after being wounded and severely concussed, which prevented him from returning to the ranks of the active army.

Not wanting to stay in the rear, Nagibin again asks for the front. And after several reports to various authorities, he is seeking to be re-sent as a military commander to one of the central Moscow newspapers Trud. In this capacity, he goes through the entire war until victory. Then he begins to write true stories about life at the front, the first collection of which is published in 1943.

These stories are very different from the well-groomed and "combed" classics of Soviet literature. They describe not "glorious" biographies, but various episodes from the life of ordinary people. Their joys and sorrows, relationships with loved ones, experiences and reactions in difficult life situations. It was the truthfulness and sincerity with which Nagibin described his characters that made the works so popular.

Peaceful life

Returning from the front, Nagibin continues to write stories on military topics. He has the opportunity to work in his main specialty - to create scripts for films. Over the years of his career, he has written over 40 screenplays. Few people know that these include scripts of popular TV series about the adventures of midshipmen, directed by Svetlana Druzhinina.

He also does not stop his literary work. Although he does not always manage to write what he wants. Now you can have it and freely express your own opinion. And before that it was possible to pay for this not only with a career, but also with a broken fate, especially in the post-war Stalinist times.

Nagibin does not hide the fact that he wrote stories to order. He wrote the way they wanted to see them, the way they were willing to pay for. This was tearing him from the inside for a long time. At some point, he began to kiss the bottle, but quickly realized that this did not make it easier, but only exacerbated the situation.

And then he went into free creativity, wrote completely different works, some of which were published many years after their creation.

The cycle of stories about nature, created after a trip to the Meshchera region at the invitation of one of his friends, became a real outlet for him. He very passionately describes the beauty of Russian nature, observing it with the attentive and sharp eye of a hunter. But still, in the center of his works is a simple and sincere person who strives to become better.

Personal life

Nagibin loved women and was loved by women. And if his work corresponded to the Soviet literary canons, at least he tried to keep within the generally accepted framework, then his personal life was not once discussed by the authorities in literary works.

But what to do - that's how he was. He needed a muse, and if the passion went away he could no longer create so sincerely and fruitfully. Therefore, he married for passionate love, then divorced and again looked for a wife. And so six times. Moreover, the first marriage was concluded when he was barely only 20 years old, and the last - in 1968 (almost 50).

Bella Akhmadulina was one of the life companions of Yuri Nagibin

All the women of his life were bright and extraordinary, but the poet became a real diamond among them. True, they lived together for only a few years. It is difficult for two creative individuals of this magnitude to exist side by side. But even after the divorce, they remained on good terms and continued to communicate.

The last wife of the writer was an ordinary translator from Leningrad, a highly educated and intelligent woman. The writer lived with her for 16 years until his death in 1994. Alas, none of the wives ever gave him an heir. This circumstance also tormented him until the end of his life.

Nagibin Yuri Markovich, whose biography is very diverse and even mysterious in places, is a famous Soviet writer, journalist, screenwriter, author of many different works.

Childhood

Yuri Nagibin was born in 1920, after a terrible tragedy in his family. His father, the nobleman Kirill Alexandrovich Nagibin, was shot as a supporter of the White Guard movement. Before the arrest, the father asked his friend - lawyer Mark Leventhal - to take care of his pregnant wife and unborn child.

Leventhal turned out to be a devoted comrade. He married Ksenia Alekseevna and adopted a newborn boy, giving him his middle name. This made it possible for the child to get rid of the label of “the son of a traitor” and lead a normal life in Soviet society.

Unfortunately, in 1927 the government exiled the Moscow lawyer to the Komi Republic. The boy has pleasant memories of his stepfather. As an adult, he even secretly went to his exile, trying to help and support.

Little Yuri's next stepfather, Yakov Rykachev, whom his mother married a year after the expulsion of her second husband, turned out to be a writer. He revealed his stepson's literary talent and encouraged him to do so.

The mother of the future writer was a beautiful extraordinary woman. She had a great influence on the development of her son and on the formation of him as a person. This is also recognized by Yuri Nagibin, whose diary reveals to us many secrets about his origin, youth, personal life.

First beginnings

The young man did not find his way along the literary path right away. He played football professionally, many even assured the guy that a great future awaits him in this.

Seeing that Yuri knows how to convey his thoughts and feelings with rich, well-aimed words, his stepfather advised him to write a story. The work turned out to be unsuccessful, but the young man really liked the process of creation.

In 1938, according to his mother, Yuri Nagibin entered the medical institute. But realizing that he was mistaken with the choice of profession, he was transferred to VGIK, to the faculty of script art. This decisive act drastically changes the fate of the young man. Now he is the future writer Yuri Nagibin, whose biography is inextricably linked with creative endeavors and labors.

Attending lectures, the guy is intensively engaged in literary activity - he writes stories, articles, reviews and essays. Begins to print in 1940. With the support of V. Kataev and Y. Olesh, he becomes a member of the Writers' Union.

Yuri did not succeed in graduating from the university - the war began.

Military creativity

At the front, knowledge of the German language and innate skill were useful. Nagibin works as a senior instructor in the political department, and takes part in hostilities with arms in hand. He describes all his front-line impressions and adventures in stories that he writes hastily between hard work and important tasks.

In November 1942, Yuri received a severe concussion, after which he had to return to Moscow and begin to master a new type of activity - work as a war correspondent for the Trud newspaper. Thanks to his position, the young man had the opportunity to visit important hot spots - near Leningrad, during the liberation of Minsk and Vilnius, as well as simultaneously engage in personal literary activity. In 1943, his first collection of short stories, The Man from the Front, was published. Correspondent notes and essays were included in other collected works - "Two Forces", "Big Heart", etc.

The flourishing of literary activity

After the war, Yuri Nagibin traveled around the country a lot as a correspondent, he embodied his observations and reflections in vivid living notes published in various periodicals, as well as in his own works.

Now he is not just a journalist, but a self-sufficient well-known writer Yuri Nagibin, whose stories are pragmatically poetic and charmingly realistic, they read the entire Soviet Union. Among his famous creations, it is impossible not to mention such works as:

• "At the cost of life" (1944);
• The Grain of Life (1948);
• "State Affair" (1950);
• The Pipe (1953);
• "Tales of War" (1954);
• "Night visitor. Fight for height. Difficult happiness." (1958);
• "The Last Assault" (1959);
• Pavlik (1960);
• The Pursuit (1963);
• "Another's Heart" (1969);
• "My Africa" \u200b\u200b(1973);
• "You will live" (1974);
• The Peak of Luck (1975);
• Love Island (1977);
• Abandoned Road (1979);
• The Musician (1986);
• "Into the Rain" (1988);
• The Prophet Will Be Burned (1990).

In addition to military and patriotic themes, Yuri Nagibin writes beautiful lyrical stories that make you think and rethink your life. His stories about childhood and adolescence are striking with touching descriptions of first love and boyish friendship, non-childish problems and stormy teenage joys.

Yuri Nagibin, whose stories are still relevant, talentedly and subtly portrayed in his works human connections and relationships, impulses of the soul and prosaic everyday life, ardor of heart and coldness of mind. He writes about different people, different in social and cultural status, age and education. He describes not fates and epics, but short episodes and incidents that occur daily and every minute. After all, what surrounds a person everywhere is the beauty of being, the poetry of reality.

The descriptions of nature found in Nagibin's works are colorful and colorful, they psychologically accurately intertwine with the feelings and emotions of the heroes and the events taking place.

"Chistye Prudy"

One of such gentle pleasant works is the story "Chistye Prudy". Yuri Nagibin describes in it the friendship of four children, their first small joys and sorrows, their growing up and becoming in life. The war scattered friends on different roads, it tormented them and killed some, but it could not drown out in them neither love for the homeland, nor devotion to comrades, nor the cheerfulness of youth, nor the feeling of happiness.

"Daphnis and Chloe ..."

Another amazing work written by Yuri Nagibin is "Daphnis and Chloe of the era of the cult of personality, voluntarism and stagnation", it still excites the imagination and arouses interest in erotic literature among the modern reader. The story is taken from Greek literature, but modernized and improved by Nagibin himself. This story is not only about tragic passion and burning intimacy, but also about tender affection and affectionate love that endures all difficulties, not subject to even death. The story was published posthumously in 1995. She created an unprecedented sensation in literary circles and presented the author from a completely different side, unusual for many of his admirers.

The fact is that for many years an outstanding writer and journalist lived, adapting to the regime and the people around him. He published what the authorities wanted to publish, he published what strict censorship allowed to publish, he wrote what he did not think about and did not want. Patriotic praises and glorifications of the leader of the people, both in works of art and in journalism, were not easy for the writer. Even then, in his “Diary”, published only in 1994, Nagibin openly exposed the falsity and self-deception of the social system of that time, the people he encountered both at home and abroad, and even himself.

The writer explained why he was pretending: he could only earn by writing, so he had to write what they paid for, to order.

Public life

Yuri Nagibin, whose works in the USSR were considered the standard of socialism, held responsible high posts in the state apparatus of that time. For ten years, starting in 1955, he worked on the editorial board of the Znamya magazine, and since 1966, for 15 years, in the Nash Sovremennik magazine. Since 1975, he was a member of the board of the RSFSR JV, and since 1981 - Board of the USSR JV Nagibin was awarded the title of Honored Worker of Culture of the People's Republic of Poland.

Travels

In connection with his social assignments and creative activities, as well as in accordance with personal desires, the famous writer traveled a lot. Since 1955, he has visited countries such as Turkey, Greece, Egypt (1962), Italy, Austria, Luxembourg (1965), Japan, Hong Kong (1966), USA, Nigeria (1969), Hungary, France ( 1971), Singapore, Bulgaria, Australia, (1974), Yugoslavia, India (1977) and others, visiting some states more than once and making foreign trips until 1985. Such tours provided the writer with unprecedented food for thought and made it possible to reflect his observations in subsequent works.

Cinema

Since 1955, the talented prose writer has been trying his hand at a new field - he is offered to write screenplays for films. Lively literary language, bright colorful descriptions and realistic colorful characters are now displayed not only on a sheet of paper, but also on the set. Films based on Nagibin's script are interesting and unique in their own way. They are watched, they are still enjoyed.

Here are some of them:

• "Guest from the Kuban" (1955);
• "The Night Guest", "Difficult Happiness" (both - 1958);
• The Komarov Brothers (1961);
• "Chairman" (1964);
• "Woman's Kingdom" (1967);
• "Director", "Tchaikovsky" (both - 1969);
• "Dersu Uzala", "Yaroslav Dombrovsky" (both - 1975);
• "Late Meeting" (1978);
• "Bambi's Childhood", "Bambi's Youth" (1985 and 1986);
• "Midshipmen, forward!" (1987, 1991, 1992).

Nagibin as a screenwriter is very gifted and versatile. He managed to create many favorite beautiful characters, so dissimilar in character and worldview, but the words and actions of his characters make the viewer experience the whole range of feelings and emotions at the same time: cry and laugh, worry and rejoice. In his films, Yuri Nagibin talentedly depicts different historical epochs and different fates of people. His plots never catch up with boredom, but, on the contrary, make you think, imagine yourself in the place of the heroes, worry and dream.

"Midshipmen"

Few people know that Nagibin is the screenwriter of the entire trilogy, in collaboration with N. Sorotokina and S. Druzhinina. "Midshipmen-3" is the most recent work of the writer in cinematography (1992). In them, Yuri Markovich embodied many swords of his youth - young enthusiasm and immense courage, ingenuity and daring, passionate love and tender affection, concepts of honor, friendship and love for the motherland ... A wonderful script is harmoniously intertwined with musical arrangement, picturesque landscapes, high-quality shooting stunts and special effects, an excellent cast.

Personal life

Any writer is the creator of an intimate life, therefore Yuri Nagibin, whose personal life was bright and dynamic, was in a constant process of creating his individual happiness.

Yuri Markovich was a passionate and ardent nature, he was captivated many times by fatal beauties and, in turn, turned his head to more than a dozen beautiful women.

The writer was officially married six times. Having married at twenty to Maria Arnus and having lived with her for only two years, he immediately married Valentina, the daughter of the director of the automobile plant. After five years of marriage, the couple separated. The next wives of the famous writer were Elena Chernousova, pop artist Ada Paratova, famous poetess Bella Akhmadulina. Many quarrels and contentions in the family life of the prose writer had quite extensive publicity. His divorces were dissatisfied at the top, sometimes because of this, Nagibin was considered restricted to travel abroad.

The last wife of Yuri Markovich was a simple translator Alla, with whom he lived for a long time - from 1968 to the end of his life in 1994.

None of Nagibin's women gave him a child, which gave him some pain and anxiety all his life.

Yuri Markovich Nagibin (April 3, 1920, Moscow - June 17, 1994, Moscow) - Russian prose writer, journalist and screenwriter.

Biography

Nagibin's real father, Kirill Alexandrovich Nagibin, died in 1920. He was a nobleman, and he was shot as a participant in the White Guard uprising in the Kursk province (according to the writer himself, he was shot on the Beautiful Sword River in 1920 "for sympathizing with the peasants"). Kirill Aleksandrovich left his pregnant wife Ksenia Alekseevna to his friend lawyer Mark Yakovlevich Levental, who adopted Yuri. Only in his mature years, Yuri Markovich was told who his real father was.

Yuri Nagibin's mother gave him a patronymic Markovich so that no one would find out about his noble origins. This allowed Yuri to graduate with honors from school and freely enter the screenwriting department of VGIK. About Ksenia Alekseevna, the mother of Nagibina, Vera Prokhorova, a close friend of Yuri Markovich, tells in her memoirs "Four friends against the background of a century", recorded by the writer and journalist Igor Obolensky:

I knew his mother well. Ksenia Alekseevna was an incredible beauty - delicate features, golden hair. She was a tough person, rather sharp on the tongue. I adored Yurka. Although when I asked her if she wanted a baby, Ksenia Alekseevna replied: “You are crazy, Vera, I jumped from all the closets to have a miscarriage. But the son was born anyway. Only when they brought me to feed him, I felt tenderness towards him. "

Here is what Yu. M. Nagibin writes about his origin in his diary: “My questionnaire existence is very different from the real one. One of the two culprits of my birth was so thoroughly dissolved among all kinds of mythical stepfathers that one might think that I emerged only from an egg. But I managed to poison my father only from the life of a questionnaire. In another, in flesh and blood, my existence, he constantly reminds of himself. "

However, Nagibin's stepfather, Mark Leventhal, who worked as a lawyer in Moscow, was exiled to the Komi Republic in 1927 (where he died in 1952). Nagibin went to his stepfather secretly from his acquaintances and friends. Here is what he writes in his diary about this in 1952: “I should be grateful to him (Mark Leventhal) more than any other son - to my father, who fed him, gave him drink, dressed him. I fed him, watered him, dressed him. In this respect, my feeling is completely free. But thanks to him, I learned so much pain of all shades and kinds, as all the other people put together did not cause me. This is the only basis for my spiritual experience. Everything else in me is rubbish, trifle. "

In 1928, Nagibin's mother married the writer Yakov Rykachev, who encouraged Yuri's first literary experiments.

In 1938, Yuri entered the First Moscow Medical Institute, but soon transferred to VGIK, which he did not graduate because of the war. In 1940 he published his first story. His debut was supported by Y. Olesha and V. Kataev. In 1940 he was admitted to the Writers' Union.

From January 1942, instructor of the 7th department of the Political Administration of the Volkhov Front, from July 1942, senior instructor of the 7th department of the political department of the 60th Army of the Voronezh Front. After a severe concussion in battle, he worked until the end of the war as a special war correspondent for the newspaper Trud. In 1943 the first collection of stories was published.

He worked in small form (short stories, occasionally novels), wrote screenplays for over 40 films. Member of the editorial board of the magazines "Znamya" (1955-1965), "Our Contemporary" (1966-1981). Member of the Board of the RSFSR JV since 1975, of the USSR JV Board since 1981. Honored Worker of Culture of the People's Republic of Poland.

In 1966 he put his signature on a letter in defense of A. Sinyavsky and Y. Daniel. In 1993 he signed the "Letter of Forty-Two".

Personal life

Yuri Nagibin was married six times. His first wife was Maria Asmus (from 1940 to 1942). For the second time, the writer married Valentina, daughter of I. A. Likhachev, director of the automobile plant named after I. Stalin, this marriage lasted from 1943 to 1948. Elena Chernousova became the third wife, the fourth - the pop artist Ada Paratova. For the fifth time he married Bella Akhmadulina. The last wife of the writer was the Leningrad translator Alla Grigorievna, with whom he lived from 1968 until the end of his life.

Yuri Markovich NAGIBIN
(1920-1994)
Russian writer and screenwriter.
Born April 3, 1920 in Moscow. Even on the eve of his birth, his father, Kirill Alexandrovich, was shot as a participant in the White Guard uprising in the Kursk province. He managed to "bequeath" his pregnant wife Ksenia Alekseevna to his friend Mark Leventhal, who adopted Yuri. Only in his mature years did he find out who his real father was. Mark Leventhal was soon repressed (exiled) too. The second stepfather was Yakov Rykachev, who turned out to be the first literary teacher who managed to awaken a taste for verbal creativity.
In 1938, Nagibin graduated from school with honors and entered the Moscow Medical Institute. He does not have an interest in medicine, and he goes to study at the scriptwriting department of VGIK. It was not possible to graduate from the institute. At the beginning of the war, the institute was evacuated to Alma-Ata, and Nagibin was drafted into the army and in the fall of 1941 sent to the Volkhov front in the political administration department. Not long before the war he managed to publish in the magazine his first stories Double Error (Ogonyok, 1940, No. 11) and Knut (Moscow Almanac, 1941, No. 2).
In 1942 Nagibin - in the position of "instructor-writer" on the Voronezh front. In the same year he joined the USSR Writers' Union. His front-line duties include analyzing enemy documents, issuing propaganda leaflets, and conducting radio broadcasts. At the front he was twice shell-shocked, after his recovery he was discharged for health reasons. He worked as a war correspondent for the Trud newspaper. The front-line experience is embodied in stories collected in collections The Man from the Front (1943), Big Heart, Two Forces (both - 1944), The Grain of Life (1948).
In the late 1940s - early 1950s, he became friends with Andrei Platonov (1899-1951). As a result, as he later recalled in his Autobiography, "the whole period of my literary studies consisted of my stepfather etching Platonov out of my phrases."
The author's fame came to Nagibin in the early 1950s. The stories Trubka (1952), Winter Oak and Komarov (1953), Chetunov (1954), The Night Guest (1955) turned out to be "well-noticed by the readers." The stories Khazar Ornament and Light in the Window, published in the almanac Literaturnaya Moskva (1956, No. 2), born of the thaw, caused an angry shout in the party press (along with Alexander Yashin's Levers). However, literally a year later, stories prepared according to the laws of socialist realism appeared in the Ogonyok Library, and Nagibin was “rehabilitated.” As Yuri Kuvaldin notes, “he constantly had to balance on the brink of dissidence and orthodoxy.”
Most of Nagibin's stories, united by a common theme, “cross-cutting” characters and the narrator's image, are formed into cycles - military, “hunting”, historical and biographical, travel stories cycle. For many years, the author was viewed primarily as a short story writer, striving to "say in small things about big things."
Military stories are characterized by the search for their own individual author's manner. Among the best of them, included by the writer in his last 11-volume collected works, paid for by him himself, are Na Khortitsa, Svyazist Vasiliev (under the title Line was first published in the newspaper Krasnaya Zvezda in 1942), Translator (1945), Vaganov ( 1946). Military material was also used in the stories The Way to the Leading Edge (1957), Pavlik (1959), Far from War (1964). The disclosure of military everyday life and the heroism of a common soldier becomes more and more psychologically profound and dramatic, subtlety and relief appear in the contours of characters. The story of Pavlik stands out especially among the works of this theme, the hero of which overcomes the fear of death in himself with the help of reason.
Over the decade from 1954 to 1964, the "Hunting" cycle of more than 20 stories was formed. They owe their birth to the landscapes of Meshchera and the environs of Pleshcheyevo Lake. They show the influence of the classical literary tradition, dating back to Turgenev's Notes of a Hunter. The narration here is in the first person: The Night Guest, The Chase (1962), Meshcherskaya Side, The Newlyweds (1964). Nagibin here is a subtle artist of the natural world and a tester of human characters in the natural environment. At the same time, both social, moral and environmental aspects are considered in the relationship between man and nature.
The "hunting" stories set the stage for the village theme. The materials and observations of the post-war journalistic years were used, when essays on collective farm life were written for Pravda, Trud, Socialist Agriculture, Smena. As a result, the story Pages of Trubnikov's Life (1962) was born, which has historically become Nagibin's most "finest" hour. It was this story that served as the screenplay for the film Chairman (1964) directed by Alexei Saltykov. This film was an event that caused a breakthrough in the public consciousness of those years. During the clashes between Yegor Trubnikov, whose image was vividly embodied for the first time by such a large-scale acting skill of Mikhail Ulyanov, and Semyon Siluyanov, people passionate and obsessed with their ideas, the audience read the clash of opposing life principles, two systems of views - social and individualistic.
Nagibin's work organically blended with the tendencies of “village” prose that were gaining strength in the 1950s – 1960s. However, the writer himself tried to immediately repeat the cinematic success by proposing a project for a new film Director. In the application, the author directly stated that at one time, by the will of fate, he entered the family of one of the founders of the domestic automotive industry, a former revolutionary sailor and security officer, party promoter Ivan Likhachev, having married his daughter. The plot basis, therefore, was the rich biography of the father-in-law (a stormy romance with whose wife, that is, with his own mother-in-law, will be frankly described later).
The drama of the filming process was not justified by the artistic result. While working on the first version of the film Director, the famous actor Yevgeny Urbansky died. Filmed after a long break, the second version of the film was remembered only by the fact that it gave a start to the creative life of the actor Nikolai Gubenko. However, Nagibin continued to write profitable scripts at that time. Based on his script adaptation of the story by Vladimir Arsenyev, in particular, the Japanese director Akira Kurosawa made the film Dersu Uzala, marked with an Oscar (to the chagrin of the scriptwriter, only for the direction). In total, he has more than 30 films in his screenplay - Indian Kingdom, The Girl and the Echo, The Slowest Train, Tchaikovsky, The Red Tent (where at the last moment he had to promptly introduce a “lyrical” line for Claudio Cardinale, who was then a close friend of the Italian sponsor of the film) , The Riddle of Kalman, the famous trilogy about midshipmen, etc.
The writer Nagibin did not confine himself to "village" and "industrial" topics. Completely “urban” autobiographical cycles appeared, which made up the books Chistye Prudy (1962), The Book of Childhood (1968–1975) and The Lanes of My Childhood (1971). Here he turns to the origins of the formation of the spiritual image of his lyrical hero Seryozha Rakitin and his generation. The image of Moscow itself with its urban life and customs becomes not only a background, but also a kind of "hero" of the cycle. The theme of Moscow was developed in numerous subsequent journalistic articles collected in the book Moscow ... how much in this sound (1987). The success of Nagibin's books as a whole during these years is explained by the exciting lyrical confessionality, natural sincerity of intonations, lightness and clarity of the syllable, rich metaphoricality, the original rhythmic structure of the narrative with an obligatory final chord, in which the moral and ethical assessment of the story told was given.
In the 1970s, he was attracted by the theme of creativity as such based on modern and historical and cultural material in the cycle Eternal Companions (1972–1979). Protopope Avvakum, Pushkin, Lermontov, Tyutchev, Tchaikovsky, Rachmaninov, I. Annensky and other great personalities became the "heroes" of such artistic "micro-epics". These works do not differ in particular originality. As the writer himself admitted, complete knowledge of the material did not bring him closer, but repelled him from the intended task. Creative flight arose only when memory shook off the burden of facts holding down the imagination. To recreate the "spiritual landscape" required, first of all, reliance on "first vision", "memory of sight and feeling." Hence the accusations of subjectivity and author's arbitrariness.
Among the stable themes of Nagibin, which varied in different ways throughout his entire career, are bright and varied love, as well as the drama of frustrated or missed happiness. Whether he wrote a realistic thing or a fairy tale, but in the relationship between a man and a woman, Nagibin developed a stable alignment of characters: he is always vulnerable and defenseless, up to and including suicide, she is always stronger and more stable in this world. In the early 1980s, Nagibin's light prose, with light nostalgic motives, was replaced by tragic tension, great topicality and acuteness, a tendency to social and philosophical digressions. A surprise was his satire with farce and parody, as well as eroticism. The stories of the blue frog are the confessions of a “frog with human memory and longing”, which remained with him from his past human life (while his beloved turned into a graceful roe deer in posthuman life). Critics condemned the new prose of the writer for "lack of moral certainty." Vadim Kardin discovered in him "helplessness in front of an ironically laughing word that escaped from under his power."
In the last years of his life, the "blue frog" did not exactly change his skin again, but completely turned himself inside out. With demonstrative self-exposure, not free from clownish narcissism, he showed the most "secret" pages of his biography. He recreated the story of his father's life and his relationship to him - Get Up and Go (1987), remembered first love - Daphnis and Chloe of the era of personality cult, voluntarism and stagnation (1994), described an affair with his mother-in-law - My golden mother-in-law (1994), left extremely pessimistic tale-testament Darkness at the end of the tunnel. The posthumously published Diary (1995) is full of extreme frankness and unambiguously impartial assessments of his environment.
Yuri Nagibin died in Moscow on June 17, 1994.
It is the last works that continue to arouse interest among the modern reader, and critics sometimes continue to break spears around Nagibin. Viktor Toporov and Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn have been noticed in "nagging fighting", while Yuri Kuvaldin is trying to carry out a kind of privatization for the right to objectively assess his work.
Works: Works: In 11 volumes / Comp. Yu. Nagibin. M., 1989-1993; Darkness at the end of the tunnel. My golden mother-in-law. M., 1994; Nagibin Yu.M. A diary. M., 1995.
Alexander Lyusy
(From the encyclopedia "Krugosvet")

Soviet literature

Yuri Markovich Nagibin

Biography

Nagibin Yuri Markovich (1920 - 1994), prose writer, journalist.

At the age of 8, after his parents divorced, he stayed with his mother, to whom he "owes the fundamental qualities of his human and creative personality." In literary training, he owes his stepfather, the writer.

Nagibin did not immediately find himself, his calling. In his youth, he was fond of football, he was even predicted a great future in this field. His stepfather advised him to write stories, drawing attention to his talent to convey his impressions of what he saw and heard easily and with humor. Once the future writer made an attempt to write a story, which was unsuccessful, but the process of writing captured the young man.

However, after graduation, he entered medical school (fulfilling his mother's wish), but remains in the university only until the end of the first session. At this time, an admission to the scriptwriting department opens at VGIK, where Nagibin passes. Studying is easy for him, there is as much time as he wants to write stories, essays, reviews, articles. His first story was published in 1940.

It was not possible to finish VGIK - the war began. He went to the front. Knowledge of the German language decided his fate - he was sent to the VII department of the PU (counter-propaganda) of the Volkhov Front, where he had not only to fulfill his direct duties, but also to fight with arms in hand and leave the encirclement. All impressions and observations of life at the front were later included in his war stories.

In November 1942 he was wounded, returned to Moscow and until the end of the war worked for the newspaper Trud. As a correspondent, he visited Stalingrad, near Leningrad, during the liberation of Minsk, Vilnius, Kaunas.

In 1943 he published a collection of prose works The Man from the Front. Admitted to the Writers' Union. The correspondent's impressions were included in the stories that made up the collections "Big Heart", "Two Forces", etc.

After the end of the war he was engaged in journalism, but did not leave work on prose: the stories "Pipe", "Winter Oak" were very popular.

The mid-1950s were very fruitful: one after another the collections of stories "The Man and the Road", "Chistye Prudy", "Far and Near", "Early Spring" were published.

Once, at the invitation of his friend, he goes to Meschera for a duck hunt, and the Meshchera theme enters his life and work. Collections of stories have been written: “The Pursuit. Meshcherskys were "(1963)," Green bird with a red head "(1966).

In the 1980s, Nagibin wrote a cycle of stories about the “greats” (Goethe, Bach, Tyutchev, Leskov, etc.).

Nagibin gives a lot of energy to the cinema, having written the scripts of such famous films as "Chairman", "Director", "Red Tent", "Tchaikovsky", "Night Guest" and others. Working for television, he made a number of programs about the life and work of Lermontov , Aksakov, I. Annenskaya, A. Golubkina.

Nagibin worked until the end of his days. After his death, the writer's autobiographical prose “Darkness at the End of the Tunnel” was published; "My golden mother-in-law." He died in Moscow on April 17, 1994.

Nagibin Yuri Markovich (1920 - 1994) is a famous prose writer and journalist, born on April 3 in Moscow. His parents divorced when the boy was 8 years old. Thanks to the upbringing of his mother, he became not only a wonderful person, but also a wonderful creative person. In my literary endeavors and in further work on my literary writings, I am grateful to my stepfather, who was a writer.

From an early age he was fond of football and, perhaps, something would come of it if his stepfather had not noticed his talent one day. The future writer had a beautiful manner of telling, conveying what surprised or delighted him. After trying to write his first story, which turned out to be unsuccessful, the guy liked the writing process.

However, the life of the young man develops a little differently, at the request of the mother he enters the medical institute, but does not stay there for long. He decides to enter the screenwriting faculty and easily accomplishes this. Already in 1940, the world saw his first story. He failed to graduate from the institute, because the war began. Thanks to his knowledge of the German language, he gets into the VII department of the PU (counterpropaganda) of the Volkhov front. Later, everything he experienced in the war was reflected in his war stories.

In the fall of 1942, he was concussed, and was sent to Moscow. In 1943, a collection of prose works "The Man from the Front" was published. Later, correspondent stories appeared in the collections "Big Heart", "Two Forces". He worked as a journalist. The stories "Pipe" and "Winter Oak" brought particular fame to the writer.

After Nagibin's death, they came out - "Darkness at the end of the tunnel", "My golden mother-in-law". This prose is considered autobiographical. The famous writer passed away on April 17, 1994.