We make a window frame. Types of window frames

• Constructions
• Manufacturing technology
• Types of window sashes

The designs of window frames (bindings) are very diverse. Basically, the choice of this or that design depends on the desire and taste of the owner of the future home, on the traditions and on the possibilities.

The tree is traditional natural material during manufacture.

It is possible to make wooden window frames with your own hands.

Of course, this process requires certain skills and knowledge, but anyone who has a great desire to do everything with his own hands can do any kind of construction work, even making a window. Do-it-yourself window frame requires special care and precision from the craftsman.

Another important factor when choosing a window structure is the size of the window, the location of the building and the floor on which the future window will be located. Making window frames with your own hands, you guarantee the uniqueness and individuality of your windows.

Constructions

Window sash designs are divided into several types.

The design of window sashes is divided into the following types:

• blind bindings;
• casement (opening) - there can be a different number of flaps (from 1 to 3);
• lifting;
• sliding;
• with the additional installation of a transom or a window (one or more).

Wooden casement window frames are most often made using three elements. These are two opening sashes and a transom fixed above them. The transom can be deaf, opening, or absent altogether.

The components of the sashes and transoms of the window are straps (upper, lower and side) and slabs (impost). A double thorn is used for the corner connection of the straps, and a single thorn on the glue is used to connect the crotch beads with the straps, using pins for more reliable fastening.

The manufacturing process requires certain skills and knowledge from the master, as well as accuracy and precision. But anyone who has a great desire to do everything with his own hands can do any kind of construction work.

Before starting production, prepare the necessary tools:

• thickness gauge;
• chisel;
• construction knife;
• hacksaw;
• sandpaper (for cleaning);
• screwdriver or electric drill with drill bits;
• plane;
• square;
• pencil or marker;
• ruler or tape measure.

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Manufacturing technology

In order to make wooden window sashes, it is necessary to select the right quality bars (square or rectangular). They must be dry and free from knots. The quality of the frames produced must be at a high level, since they have great importance while maintaining heat in the house.

Profiles for one and two glass windows

1. The first step is to properly process the bar on one side.
2. Then, using a planer, outline the risks on the second as well as the third side. Align the fourth side according to the intended risks, using planing.
3. Then the second side can be planed. It is important to achieve right angles between the sides of the bar.
4. Further, using a thickness gauge, it is necessary to mark the first and fourth sides, and then plan the third side of the bar.
5. Now that all the bars have been processed in this way, you can proceed to the device of the folds. The device of the folds is made so that in the finished frame their location is in the same plane. Otherwise, there will be no required degree of glass compaction.

The size of the folds directly depends on the type of seal and glass, more precisely, its thickness. If a glazing bead is used as a seal, then the folds must be made wider than when using putty as a seal.

Another factor affecting the size of the folds is the thickness of the strapping bars themselves, as well as the slabs. Remember that overly narrow folds will easily let the wind through.

The joints, in which the spikes are used, are subjected to a particularly careful design, such that it allows the parts to fit into each other with a high density, avoiding gaps and distortions. For the manufacture (cutting) of thorns, a hacksaw with a small and narrow blade is used.

When assembling, special attention should be paid to the corners of the joints. The perpendicular position is checked using a square. External doors with a width of more than 700 mm are held together with metal squares.

The connection can be made both from the side of the space between the panes and from the outside. If the bindings are of a summer nature, then the squares are placed on the inside.

In the manufacturing process, in those places where there is a mutual abutment of the sashes and transoms, it is necessary to select the quarters that make it difficult to blow through the porches. The sash is processed with strip strips that close the gaps in the arches.

To reduce the penetration of air into the house, a seal is placed in the frame around the entire perimeter of the porch. It can be foam rubber, foam rubber, cord, and so on.

If the frame design contains sashes, vents or transoms of an external nature, the lower strapping must be done with a groove and an ebb, that is, a drip designed to collect drops flowing down the glass.

When performing the steps for assembling and adjusting the bindings, pay attention to the rather tight fit of the arches between themselves and in relation to the box, more precisely, to its quarters. If this is not done, then dust will enter the house through the cracks, and in the cold season create heat leakage.

To reduce the penetration of air into the house, a seal is placed in the frame around the entire perimeter of the porch. It can be foam rubber, foam rubber, cord, and so on. The main thing is that this seal has properties such as elasticity, durability and strength. For the same purposes, strip covers are used.

The creation of innovative building polymers in the next century will allow the production of window structures with much improved quality characteristics.

Classification of window structures
The current window structures can be divided into the following positions: - according to the structure of the structural system (single, double-leaf, disconnected); - from the material from which it is made (wood, polyvinyl chloride, metal, combined); - by the glazing method (single-chamber double-glazed window, two-chamber, triplex, monochrome); - by the geometric structure (rectangle, arch, lancet, circle).
The variety of design solutions of the window does not prevent them from being similar to each other in some ways. The window structure consists of a frame, a sash, fittings and a glass unit. The main distinguishing feature is the frame, it can be produced for different options for opening the sash and carry in its structure various additional elements (reinforced profile) that give the necessary technical qualities.
Combined window units with double sashes, consisting of an outer and an inner sash, are connected to each other, while the segment in the middle is hung on the inner hinges of the frame frame. The sashes are connected to each other by screeds, as a result of which the adhesion rigidity and reliability of operation are achieved.
Window frames in a separate version are assembled from a frame that is divided by an impost and divides the window into sashes.
Separate window frames, combined with each other, constitute a system of window structures with connected or separate sashes. Such windows are distinguished by single sashes on the outside and connected inside.
In modern times, most offer windows in two opening options: with a sliding system or tilt-and-turn. The peculiarity of pivot systems is that they can be opened both inward and outward. With the folding mechanism, the suspension element is placed in the lower or upper part of the structure. The complete set of the window plays a very important role, it depends on what function it can perform with a certain fixation of the handle. When the tilt of the window handle is changed, the sash can be rotated about the axis by 150 degrees, to create a gap in the upper part, it can be folded onto the rear suspension mechanism.
There is also a scheme of windows, the sashes of which can be opened simultaneously in the middle and outward, as a rule, these are display windows. Special details of the fittings can allow rigid fixing of the required angle, swing of the sash. Additional mechanisms will prevent spontaneous slamming in a draft. Please note that, as a rule, in plastic windows, segments for vents are not made. The folding mechanism completely ensures the flow fresh air into the room. Windows with a hinged system in most cases open from above, they are effectively used on flights of stairs and in vestibules. Sometimes the planning solution of the building does not allow the use of sash with opening around the axis.
Combined swing systems, window structures, have a number of advantages over conventional opening windows, they can function both horizontally and vertically.
The developers of window mechanisms were able to create combined systems, different in functional purpose, such as: horizontally sliding, lifting and sliding, vertically sliding. Such systems are indispensable for glazing terraces, bay windows and loggias. When installing windows, it is necessary to think in advance about the need, make it deaf or openable.
The production market of window systems is constantly evolving and developing, a new one is being created technological equipment, which helps to bring the ideas of architectural thought to life. It is very important that when creating a custom window system, it is practical to use and performs many functions.
Geometric parameters of structures
The geometric parameters of windows can be very different, from the simplest shape (rectangular, square) to the most unusual (ellipse, circle, arc). Arched structures can be made in the form of an arrow, an ellipse, a parabola, etc. The raw materials from which the windows are made allow us to make a variety of shapes. Do not forget that a window made in an unusual shape must function correctly when opened.
Qualitative indicators of resistance, sealing, insulation, durability, noise reduction have window systems made of glued wood (timber). The windows are made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and are very popular today. First of all, this is due to their practicality and reliability. Specifications not nearly worse than analogs, and sometimes many times better.
Also, when glazing large openings, winter gardens and other architectural structures, special metal-plastic blocks with high strength and with the possibility of combination have been created.
We can say with full confidence that window systems are evolving at a high speed and satisfy any wishes of customers.

PLASTIC FRAMES
The idea of \u200b\u200breplacing the usual tree of window sashes with plastic first came to the Americans about 30 years ago. There was a lot of skepticism, but today about half of the houses under construction in the West are supplied with high-strength, environmentally friendly PVC window blocks. They do not need painting and always look new and smart. They do not need to be insulated for the winter and put up second frames for the summer.
Drafts and dust do not penetrate through these windows, since there are no and cannot be cracks in them: plastic allows the most precise fit of frames to a fraction of a millimeter, it never swells from moisture and does not dry out, does not warp in the sun. The guarantee for the impeccable condition of PVC - windows is given for 15 years.

BUSINESS QUALITY PVC
This material has good thermal insulation properties, but in PVC windows they are much improved due to the special cross-sectional profile. There are air chambers in the frames and sashes of the windows along the entire perimeter. And air, as you know, is the best heat insulator.
In terms of color, most customers prefer the festive white color of the bindings. But if you wish, you can choose from 10 basic options for colored plastic, including those for valuable wood species.
The shape and size of PVC window blocks can be any: square, rectangular, arched, pointed, triangular and even round, like ship portholes. The ability to reproduce any window shape and type of binding is especially attractive for those living in old, architecturally valuable houses.
Much has been said about the non-environmental friendliness of plastics. Yes, they use heavy metals as a catalyst. But modern technology completely excludes the release of toxic substances by plastics. There are special passivating additives in PVC for window frames that make this material environmentally friendly.
Anyone who is still worried about the strength of plastic frames can choose metal-plastic ones, with a rigid steel profile frame. Such designs are now the most common.

ALUMINUM FRAMES
This type of window frame was familiar to us before and did not raise doubts in terms of strength. But such frames were installed exclusively in offices and public buildings. Now metal can be covered with a film imitating wood at the request of the customer. Vacuum painted aluminum frames are available with a 15 year warranty.
But the thermal conductivity and sound insulation properties of the metal leave much to be desired. Therefore, plastic inserts are sometimes made in the frame of aluminum frames. Wood-aluminum window blocks are also offered.
In residential buildings, aluminum frames are the most successful for glazing loggias.

WOODEN FRAMES
These frames, most familiar to us, are now also made using a completely new technology. Pine, oak, beech, walnut are mainly used.
High quality finished wooden frames for nostalgic customers are delivered to us mostly from Finland. There are excellent products from Sweden, Spain, and worse - from Indonesia. But Indonesia supplies mahogany - best tree for frames (it is well processed, allows you to make an accurate fit of parts and almost does not shrink over time).

SEALED GLASS PANELS
In modern plastic, metal-plastic, aluminum and wooden frames, only sealed double-glazed windows of one, two or three glasses are installed. When there are two or three glasses, such a glass unit is often called vacuum, but this is not the case. If you really create a complete vacuum between the glasses, atmospheric pressure will immediately crush them.
In fact, rarefied air or inert gas is located in a closed sealed space between the glasses. They are better heat and sound insulators than regular air.
The fittings for double-glazed windows are still mostly imported. This is, firstly, an air dehumidifier: a special thin-walled metal frame around the perimeter of the glasses, filled with silica gel or other desiccant. And secondly, there are at least two lines of rubber seals. In addition, the finished glass unit is filled with silicone sealant. So outside this window you will always be warm and dry. The glasses never fog up from the inside, frosty patterns do not form (and this may be a bit of a pity, but there will be no puddles on the windowsills during the thaw).
Glasses can be tinted (up to 20 shades are offered). This dims the bright light on the sunny side, and the interior looks more solemn. There are also translucent mirrored glasses that reflect the sun's rays and create a summer coolness in the house. Even if you use an air conditioner at the same time, such glasses will give tangible savings in energy consumption.

At the moment, the construction market has a wide selection of various window systems and, accordingly, there are different types window frames. The most popular are, today, metal plastic windows or, as they are also called, double-glazed windows. A double-glazed window is an integral structure consisting of several glasses fastened together by hermetically sealed seams. Such a glass unit will provide excellent protection against noise, moisture, dust and heat loss. In addition to practicality, plastic windows have a very attractive appearance. The plastic frame, in the classic version, is white. But, at the request of the customer, window manufacturing companies make frames of a wide variety of colors and make decorative coatings "imitation wood", "marble", etc. In the construction of a plastic window, not only frames, but also glass surfaces can be decorative. A special colored film is applied to the glass, which performs a decorative function. The surface of the glass can be made not only colored, but also mirrored. Another decorative detail made to order is false binding. From the name it is clear that false bindings play only a decorative role and do not carry any functional load. With their help, you can make your windows unique.
Among all types of window frames, the second most popular, for many years, have been wooden windows. Such window frames are familiar and familiar to any of our compatriots from an early age. Wooden windows carry a special energy, they are able to revive the interior, fill it with warmth and simply, delight the owners and guests of the house. Modern technologies and methods, allow performing high-quality wood processing, which greatly increases the quality and functionality of frames. The disadvantage of such frames is their high cost, which is due to the complexity and high cost of production. For production wooden frames wood of a certain moisture content is used, approximately ten to twelve percent. In addition, in order to extend the life of the window profile, it is treated with special compounds against mold and mildew, moisture. Western manufacturers present new technology, which combines various materials. New types of window frames are presented in the form of wooden frames sheathed with either copper or specialized steel. Another option is painting with aluminum.
The third type of window frames is aluminum frames. This type of windows has not yet gained popularity among consumers. Compared to PVC or wood, aluminum is more workable. Due to its flexibility, it makes it possible to manufacture windows of any configuration complexity.
The disadvantage of aluminum is that it is considered a cold type metal. This profile characterization runs counter to the average statistical idea of \u200b\u200bcoziness and comfort in a home. To make it possible to use an aluminum profile for the installation of windows in residential buildings and apartments, a thermal bridge system was developed. In addition, an alternative option could be to use a combined profile. It was already described above in the article and is wood or plastic with an aluminum coating.
When choosing a window frame, be guided by the type of room, its purpose and service life.

Posted date: 27.11.2015

Each of us is familiar with the appearance of a standard plastic window. However, despite the fact that PVC windows are incredibly popular in Moscow, and are installed in almost every apartment, not everyone will be able to list the main structural elements of the window structure. However, in order to make the right choice, you must be familiar with all the constituent elements of the window and know about their functional purpose.

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"Having cut a window to the world, do not walk along it with an ax." (Yuri Bazylev)

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Window box

This concept includes several elements related to each other, namely: window block, window sill and glass unit. Most manufacturers complete their products with these elements, an example of which is plastic windows Rehau... However, if desired, the buyer can purchase a window frame without a window sill element or order a double-glazed window with improved heat and sound insulation characteristics.

Window frame

This element connects the window to the window opening in the building, allowing the structure to be securely fastened and provide thermal and sound insulation. For the manufacture of the frame, PVC or aluminum profile is used. PVC profile is the best option in cases where maximum protection from external influences in winter is required. Today buy plastic windows in Moscow , as well as aluminum or wood, can be found in almost every large company specializing in such products.

Window binding

This element consists of sash and transom. The doors are fixed either horizontally or vertically, based on the needs of the buyer.

Bindings are one-, two- and three-fold, depending on the number of folds in the window. To ensure maximum isolation from noise, triple-leaf bindings are used, which look like one single binder with connected blocks.

Casement

This movable element has various functionalities, depending on the availability of the accompanying fittings.

Based on the wishes of the customer, you can install different way opening and closing the sash. According to OKNOTECH sales managers, most often buyers order a swing-out version. In this case, it becomes possible not only to open the window in the standard way, but also to slightly open it for airing, throwing back the upper part of the glass unit, without changing the position of the lower part.

In addition to the tilt-and-turn version, you can also choose other ways of opening the sash in different directions. If there are several sashes in the window structure, imposts are installed between them - special crossbars that support the sash structure. The glass unit is fixed to the sash with a glazing bead, and an ebb tide is installed to prevent moisture from entering the sash and window frame from the street.