1 winter road. "Winter road" A. Pushkin. A. S. Pushkin “Winter. What should we do in the village? I meet"

09.04.2022

Few of the poets managed to harmoniously intertwine personal feelings and thoughts with descriptions of nature. If you read the verse “Winter Road” by Pushkin Alexander Sergeevich thoughtfully, you can understand that the dreary notes are connected not only with the author’s personal experiences.

The poem was written in 1826. A year has passed since the Decembrist uprising. Among the revolutionaries there were many friends of Alexander Sergeevich. Many of them were executed, some were exiled to the mines. Around this time, the poet wooed his distant relative, S.P. Pushkin, but is refused.

This lyrical work, which takes place in the fourth grade literature lesson, can be called philosophical. Already from the first lines it is clear that the author is by no means in a rosy mood. Pushkin loved winter, but the road he has to travel now is bleak. The sad moon illuminates the sad glades with its dim light. The lyrical hero does not notice the charms of sleeping nature, the dead winter silence seems ominous to him. Nothing pleases him, the sound of the bell seems dull, in the driver's song one hears melancholy, consonant with the gloomy mood of the traveler.

Despite the sad motives, the text of Pushkin's poem "The Winter Road" cannot be called completely melancholy. According to the researchers of the poet's work, Nina, to whom the lyrical hero mentally addresses, is the chosen one of the heart of Alexander Sergeevich, Sofya Pushkin. Despite her refusal, the poet in love does not lose hope. After all, Sophia Pavlovna's refusal was connected only with the fear of a beggarly existence. The desire to see his beloved, to sit next to her by the fireplace gives the hero strength to continue his bleak journey. Passing "striped miles", reminding him of the volatility of fate, he hopes that soon his life will change for the better.

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Through the wavy mists
The moon is creeping
To sad glades
She pours a sad light.

On the winter road, boring
Troika greyhound runs
Single bell
Tiring noise.

Something is heard native
In the coachman's long songs:
That revelry is remote,
That heartache...

No fire, no black hut...
Wilderness and snow... Meet me
Only miles striped
Come across alone.

Boring, sad ... Tomorrow, Nina,
Tomorrow, returning to my dear,
I'll forget by the fireplace
I look without looking.

Sounding hour hand
He will make his measured circle,
And, removing the boring ones,
Midnight won't separate us.

It's sad, Nina: my path is boring,
Dremlya fell silent my coachman,
The bell is monotonous
Foggy moon face.

Leonid Yuzefovich

Winter road

General A. N. Pepelyaev and anarchist I. Ya. Strod in Yakutia

Documentary novel

Such is the tragic nature of the world - along with the hero, his opponent is born.

Ernst Junger

Do not ask those who fight about the road.

Chinese wisdom

PARTING

In August 1996, I was sitting in the building of the Military Prosecutor's Office of the Siberian Military District in Novosibirsk, at Voinskaya, 5, reading the nine-volume investigative file of the White General Anatoly Nikolaevich Pepelyaev. A year before my arrival, it was transferred there from the FSB at the request of his eldest son, Vsevolod Anatolyevich, who asked for the rehabilitation of his father. Thousands of such applications were received at that time, and the employees of the prosecutor's office simply did not have the time to consider them in a timely manner. It was not supposed to give out investigative files to outsiders, but in those years official instructions were easily violated, not only for the sake of self-interest. The authorities, in the person of two colonels, took pity on me, having learned that this was the only reason I had flown from Moscow.

I sat in the walk-through room, and behind the plywood bulkhead next to my desk was the office of one of the investigators, not too young for his rank of captain. Sometimes visitors came to him, and I heard their conversations well. One day he was talking to the wife of an arrested commander of a tank regiment. Through the plywood pasted over with cheerful wallpaper, his feigned impassive voice could be heard: “So, it was that year when the whole country groaned under the yoke of Ryzhy ...” Meaning Anatoly Chubais, who was appointed deputy prime minister in 1995. At that time, the colonel decommissioned and pushed two tank tractors to the side. The investigator with vengeful methodicalness explained to his wife the circumstances of the transaction. She cried. On the margins of my workbook, their conversation, her sobs, and the metallic tone of his speech are marked as a background against which I copied one of Pepelyaev’s letters to his wife, Nina Ivanovna, into the notebook: “It seems to be the tenth letter I am writing to you since leaving Vladivostok. Not so long ago we parted - it was on August 28 - and how many new impressions, experiences, how many changed our minds here, experienced hard ones, but I console myself that our cause is just, I believe that the Lord made it so that we would go here, that He will guide us and not abandon us.”

They said goodbye on August 28, 1922 in Vladivostok. A month earlier, Pepelyaev arrived here from Harbin to form a detachment of volunteers and go with him to Yakutia - to support the anti-Bolshevik uprising that was blazing there. At first, in order to classify the arena of the upcoming military operations, the detachment was called the militia of the Tatar Strait, then it was renamed the militia of the Northern Territory, but in the end it became the Siberian Volunteer Squad. By the end of the summer, Pepelyaev was ready to sail with her to the port of Ayan on the Okhotsk coast, and from there move west to Yakutsk.

He recently turned thirty-one years old, Nina Ivanovna is a year younger. They have been married for ten years. In a photo taken shortly before the wedding, Nina is sitting with a paper wreath in her lush dark hair, in an embroidered Polish or Ukrainian dress, with strings of large beads lying on her chest - probably she took part in some amateur performance or in a costume that could be worn by my paternal grandmother. Ten years later, the photographer captured her in profile above the crib with a naked baby. It can be seen that she is tall, the wavy hair chopped off at the back of her head has become even more magnificent, as happens after childbirth, but both a heavy chin and a long nose are noticeable. Such Nina Ivanovna remained in the memory of her husband.

All Pepelyaev's letters to his wife that have been preserved in the file were written by him in Yakutia. None of them reached her. Judging by the fact that he constantly justified himself before her, referring either to the higher will that sent him on this campaign, or to his duty to the people, Nina Ivanovna was not enthusiastic about the prospect of remaining alone for an indefinite period with two small children in her arms and hardly accepted it is with humility. Pepelyaev assured her that the separation would last no more than a year, but for a year of life he could only leave the family a modest amount of a thousand rubles. This, one must think, did not add optimism to Nina Ivanovna. In addition, she saw some of those who incited her husband to sail to Yakutia, and could not help but think that this would not end well.

Pepelyaev felt guilty before his wife and, on the eve of his departure, wanted to cheer her up with gifts. On the first pages of the notebook enclosed in the investigative case, which will soon become his diary, but for the time being served for business notes and accounting for money expenses, under the heading “Own money”, which partly explains why, despite the enormous opportunities, he was always poor, it is written in a column:

“Nina's handbag - 10 rubles.

Inscription (apparently, on the purse, commemorative. - L.Yu.) - 10 rubles.

Chain - 10 p.

Bracelet - 15 rubles.

Other expenses are also listed here: for a dentist (he will have nowhere to put a filling in the coming months), for products for his mother (a pood of sugar, ten pounds of butter, a pound of coffee, etc.), for paying an apartment, for firewood (for a splitter separately) , finally, for a photographer - 17 rubles. A considerable amount suggests that several pictures were taken. The photo of Pepelyaev himself was probably intended for Nina Ivanovna, and he wanted to take the photo of his wife and sons with him to Yakutia. The eldest, Vsevolod, was almost nine years old, Lavr - four months. The boy near the crib and the baby in the crib, over which the lush-haired woman bent over, look about the same age, which means that this is a duplicate of one of those very pictures, but I did not find them in the investigative file. Perhaps they were not taken away and remained with Pepelyaev in prison until and after the 1924 trial. Orders in the then Soviet domzaks and political isolators were still quite mild.

Shortly before sailing, Nina Ivanovna, with Seva and Lavrik from Harbin, came to Vladivostok to say goodbye to her husband. By Siberian standards, the road was considered short, seven to eight hours by train. The weather was warm, the water in the sea had not yet cooled down. In old age, Vsevolod Anatolyevich will remember how the whole family went swimming, his father swam, and he sat on his father's shoulders.

On August 28, either Nina Ivanovna accompanied her husband to the steamer, or Pepelyaev put her and her children on a train to Harbin and parted with them on the platform. The next day, the mine transport "Defender" and the gunboat "Battery" with the Siberian squad on board left the Vladivostok harbor and headed north.

Together with Pepelyaev, Colonel Eduard Cronje de Paul, a military engineer, a Varsovian, brought to Primorye by the winds of the Civil War, sailed from Vladivostok to Ayan. He took with him a brand new notebook, which would be confiscated from him in a year. I found it in the same investigative file of Pepelyaev, combined with the cases of the officers tried together with him.

Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin

Through the wavy mists
The moon is creeping
To sad glades
She pours a sad light.

On the winter road, boring
Troika greyhound runs
Single bell
Tiring noise.

Something is heard native
In the coachman's long songs:
That revelry is remote,
That heartache...

No fire, no black hut...
Wilderness and snow... Meet me
Only miles striped
Come across alone.

Boring, sad ... Tomorrow, Nina,
Tomorrow, returning to my dear,
I'll forget by the fireplace
I look without looking.

Sounding hour hand
He will make his measured circle,
And, removing the boring ones,
Midnight won't separate us.

It's sad, Nina: my path is boring,
Dremlya fell silent my coachman,
The bell is monotonous
Foggy moon face.

Alexander Pushkin is one of the few Russian poets who in his works managed to masterfully convey his own feelings and thoughts, drawing a surprisingly subtle parallel with the surrounding nature. An example of this is the poem "Winter Road", written in 1826 and, according to many researchers of the poet's work, dedicated to his distant relative - Sofia Fedorovna Pushkina.

Sofia Fedorovna Pushkina

This poem has a rather sad backstory.. Few people know that the poet was connected with Sophia Pushkina not only by family ties, but also by a very romantic relationship. In the winter of 1826, he proposed to her, but was refused. Therefore, it is likely that in the poem "Winter Road" the mysterious stranger Nina, to whom the poet refers, is the prototype of his beloved. The journey itself, described in this work, is nothing more than Pushkin's visit to his chosen one in order to resolve the issue of marriage.

From the first lines of the poem "Winter Road" it becomes clear that the poet is by no means in a rosy mood. Life seems to him dull and hopeless, like “sad clearings” through which a carriage drawn by three horses rushes through on a winter night. The gloom of the surrounding landscape is consonant with the feelings experienced by Alexander Pushkin. Dark night, silence, occasionally broken by the ringing of a bell and the sad song of the coachman, the absence of villages and the eternal travel companion - striped milestones - all this makes the poet fall into a kind of melancholy. It is likely that the author anticipates the collapse of his matrimonial hopes in advance, but does not want to admit it to himself. For him the image of the beloved is a happy deliverance from a tedious and boring journey. “Tomorrow, when I return to my sweetheart, I’ll forget myself by the fireplace,” the poet dreams hopefully, hoping that the ultimate goal will more than justify a long night journey and allow you to fully enjoy peace, comfort and love.

In the poem "Winter Road" there is a certain hidden meaning. Describing his journey, Alexander Pushkin compares it with his own life, the same, in his opinion, boring, dull and joyless. Only a few events add variety to it, like the coachman's songs, remote and sad, break into the silence of the night. However, these are only short moments that are not able to change life as a whole, to give it sharpness and fullness of sensations.

It should also not be forgotten that by 1826 Pushkin was already an accomplished, mature poet, but his literary ambitions were not fully satisfied. He dreamed of high-profile fame, and as a result, high society actually turned away from him, not only because of his free-thinking, but also because of his unbridled love for gambling. It is known that by this time the poet managed to squander a rather modest fortune, which he inherited from his father, and expected to improve his financial affairs through marriage. It is possible that Sofya Fedorovna still had warm and tender feelings for her distant relative, but the fear of ending her days in poverty forced the girl and her family to reject the poet's proposal.

Probably, the upcoming matchmaking and the expectation of rejection became the reason for such a gloomy state of mind in which Alexander Pushkin was during the trip and created one of the most romantic and sad poems “Winter Road”, filled with sadness and hopelessness. And also the belief that, perhaps, he will be able to break out of the vicious circle and change his life for the better.

Through the wavy mists
The moon is creeping
To sad glades
She pours a sad light.

On the winter road, boring
Troika greyhound runs
Single bell
Tiring noise.

Something is heard native
In the coachman's long songs:
That revelry is remote,
That heartache...

No fire, no black hut...
Wilderness and snow... Meet me
Only miles striped
Come across alone.

Boring, sad ... Tomorrow, Nina,
Tomorrow, returning to my dear,
I'll forget by the fireplace
I look without looking.

Sounding hour hand
He will make his measured circle,
And, removing the boring ones,
Midnight won't separate us.

It's sad, Nina: my path is boring,
Dremlya fell silent my coachman,
The bell is monotonous
Foggy moon face.

Analysis of Pushkin's poem "Winter Road"

From the first lines of the poem "Winter Road" it becomes clear that the poet is by no means in a rosy mood. Life seems to him dull and hopeless, like “sad clearings” through which a carriage drawn by three horses rushes through on a winter night. The gloom of the surrounding landscape is consonant with the feelings experienced by Alexander Pushkin. Dark night, silence, occasionally broken by the ringing of a bell and the sad song of the coachman, the absence of villages and the eternal travel companion - striped milestones - all this makes the poet fall into a kind of melancholy. It is likely that the author anticipates the collapse of his matrimonial hopes in advance, but does not want to admit it to himself. For him the image of the beloved is a happy deliverance from a tedious and boring journey. “Tomorrow, when I return to my sweetheart, I will forget myself by the fireplace,” the poet dreams hopefully, hoping that the ultimate goal will more than justify a long night journey and allow you to fully enjoy peace, comfort and love.

Epithets, metaphors, personifications

The text contains the following means of artistic expression:

personifications - “the moon makes its way, sheds light”, “removing annoying (annoying, superfluous) ones, midnight ... will not separate”, “sad glades” - allow the author to “design” the interlocutor for a long boring journey, give the text liveliness and imagery;
epithets - "greyhound (frisky) troika", "reckless revelry", "heart longing", "striped versts", "measured circle", "lunar face" - create a unique content and orient the reader to a special emotional perception;
metaphors - “pours light”, “foggy face” - vividly create an indefinite atmosphere of a lunar evening;
numerous examples of inversion - “the moon makes its way, pours ... it’s light”, “something native is heard”, “striped miles”, “hour hand”, “my path is boring”, “my circle”, “the coachman fell silent” - allow you to build rhyme and focus on the final word;
catachresis (a combination of words that are incompatible in meaning, but forming a semantic whole) “pouring sadly” confirms that everything in the poem is imbued with sadness, even light;
polyunion - "either revelry, then melancholy ...", "neither fire, nor ... hut" - reflect the contradictory mood of the lyrical hero, his ardent desire for human communication;
lexical repetition - "Tomorrow, Nina, tomorrow to my dear ..." - reflects the impatience of the poet;
antonyms - "revelry - melancholy";
numerous omissions - “backwoods and snow ...”, “... only miles come across ...”, “Boring, sad ...” speak of the despair that seized the lonely traveler, his search for consolation and sympathy.
an oxymoron - “I’ll look without looking enough” - reflects the strength of the feeling of the lyrical hero.
The turnover “versts striped” denotes milestones that were painted in stripes to stand out among the snowdrifts.

The text contains a sign of high style - the word "face". The general painful atmosphere is created by numerous repetitions - “she pours a sad light on the sad glades”, “longing”, “boring, sad ...”, “sad, ... my path is boring”. The lonely traveler's dreams of warmth, comfort, the crackle of a fireplace and a pleasant company are interrupted by the same ringing of a hated bell.

Through the wavy fogs The moon makes its way, On the sad glades She pours a sad light. Along the winter road, boring Troika greyhound runs, The monotonous bell Tiringly rattles. Something native is heard In the coachman's long songs: That daring revelry, That heartfelt anguish... Neither fire, nor black hut... Wilderness and snow... To meet me Only striped versts Are caught alone. Boring, sad... Tomorrow, Nina, Tomorrow, returning to my sweetheart, I'll forget myself by the fireplace, I'll look without looking enough. Loudly the hour hand Will make its measured circle, And, removing the annoying ones, Midnight will not separate us. It's sad, Nina: my path is boring, My coachman fell silent, The bell is monotonous, The moon's face is foggy.

The poem was written in December 1826, when Pushkin's friends, participants in the Decembrist uprising, were executed or exiled, and the poet himself was in exile in Mikhailovsky. Pushkin's biographers claim that the verse is written about the poet's trip to the Pskov governor for an inquiry.
The theme of the verse is much deeper than just the image of a winter road. The image of the road is an image of a person's life path. The world of winter nature is empty, but the road is not lost, but marked by versts:

No fire, no black hut ...
Wilderness and snow... Meet me
Only miles striped
Come across alone.

The path of the lyrical hero is not easy, but despite the sad mood, the work is full of hope for the best. Life is divided into black and white stripes, like milestones. The poetic image of “striped miles” is a poetic symbol that embodies the “striped” life of a person. The author shifts the reader's gaze from heaven to earth: “along the winter road”, “the troika runs”, “the bell ... rattles”, the coachman's songs. In the second and third stanzas, the author uses words of the same root (“Sad”, “sad”) twice, which help to understand the state of mind of the traveler. With the help of alliteration, the poet depicts the poetic image of the artistic space - sad glades. Reading a poem, we hear the ringing of a bell, the creak of skids in the snow, the song of a coachman. The long song of the coachman means long, long-sounding. Sedoku is sad, sad. And the reader is unhappy. The coachman's song embodies the basic state of the Russian soul: "reckless revelry", "heartfelt anguish". Drawing nature, Pushkin depicts the inner world of the lyrical hero. Nature correlates with human experiences. In a small segment of the text, the poet uses the ellipsis four times - the poet wants to convey the sadness of the rider. There is something unsaid in these lines. Maybe a person traveling in a wagon does not want to share his sadness with anyone. Night landscape: black huts, wilderness, snow, striped milestones. All nature is cold and lonely. A friendly light in the window of the hut, which can shine on a lost traveler, does not burn. Black huts are without fire, but “black” is not only a color, but also evil, unpleasant moments of life. In the last stanza again sad, boring. The coachman fell silent, only a “monotonous” bell sounds. The technique of the ring composition is used: “the moon is sneaking” - “the moon face is foggy.” But the long road has a pleasant final goal - a meeting with your beloved:

Boring, sad ... Tomorrow, Nina,
Returning to my dear tomorrow,
I'll forget by the fireplace
I look without looking.