A large dictionary of paronyms with the meanings of words. The most complete dictionary of paronyms for the exam. selective - selective
The first thing to do in the process of preparing for the USE in 2019 is to study the dictionary of paronyms with meanings from FIPI. This is a list of paronyms used in preparation for
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Subscription
Subscriber
Subscription- the right to use something (or a document granting this right) for a certain period: a subscription to the pool.
Subscriber– a person or institution holding a subscription: a telephone network subscriber.
Destination- the person or organization to whom the postal item is addressed (recipient).
Addresser- the person or organization sending the postal item (sender).
Artistic- pertaining to the artist; intended for the artist; peculiar to the artist, the artist, characteristic of him.
Artistic- Distinguished by artistry, artistic taste.
Poor- Possessing a very meager income, poor or indigent; deficient in something, meager; unfortunate, arousing compassion, pity.
Disastrous- full of disasters, deprivations.
Meek- not receiving, not giving an answer, a response to something; unable to object, contradict, very meek.
Irresponsible- not bearing or unaware of responsibility.
Marshy- abounding in swamps, swampy; swampy like a swamp.
Bolotny- related to the swamp, characteristic of it; intended for work in the swamp, movement in the swamp, etc.; living, growing in a swamp.
Grateful- feeling or experiencing gratitude.
thanksgiving- containing, containing gratitude, gratitude: a letter of thanks, a telegram.
Charitable- with the aim of providing material assistance to those in need.
Beneficial- useful, having a good effect.
Experienced- Seen and experienced a lot.
Former- currently not in any position.
former- past, past.
Reckless- done without thought or reasoning.
Beloved- beloved, dear.
boundless- huge, boundless, boundless.
inhale- each individual intake of air into the lungs, each individual inhalation: a deep breath.
Sigh- Strengthened inhalation and exhalation: a sigh escaped.
century- living, existing for centuries, for a very long time, unchanged, constant: centuries-old oaks, centuries-old forest; age-old traditions, customs;
Eternal- infinite in time, having neither beginning nor end, not ceasing to exist, indefinite, without term. - eternal human values,
eternal problems.
Great- surpassing any level, outstanding. great composer, great musician.
Majestic- full of grandeur, solemn beauty, having large dimensions. A majestic building, a majestic monument.
Replenish- reimburse.
Supplement- to add new data to what others have said, to make it more complete by adding to something.
Top up- increase by adding something new to something existing
Hostile- full of hostility, hatred.
Hostile- pertaining to the enemy, the enemy, the enemy.
Benefit benefit, advantage.
profitability- availability of benefits; positivity that leaves a good impression.
extradition- issued money, goods.
recoil- the same as the coefficient of efficiency, benefit.
Broadcast- something that is given to someone; transfer process.
Distribution- to give something to many.
Pay- giving money to compensate for something.
Payment- a fee paid for something money. A payment is a monetary reward, a recompense for something.
Payment– reimbursement: payment of tax
pay out- to pay a fee, to pay in full.
Pay- to give in return for something, to repay.
Pay- to pay for something. To repay - to do, to do something in response to someone's act.
pay- the same as paying
Grow- caring, to ensure the growth, development of someone or something, to nurture.
build up- to promote the growth of something, to lengthen; grow in any quantity; accumulate.
Grow- to give the opportunity to achieve in the growth of any size, size.
Tall- large in length or far located in the direction from bottom to top; exceeding the average level, average norm, significant; distinguished by value, honorable, important; sublime in content, very significant, solemn, not ordinary; very good in quality, excellent; about sounds: thin, sonorous, caused by vibrations of high frequency.
high-rise– extending above a known limit; caused by high altitude; produced or used at high altitude (air); about architectural structures: very high, multi-storey.
Warranty- adjective to the noun guarantee. Containing a guarantee, serving as a guarantee.
Guaranteed- participle from the verb guarantee. Secured.
Harmonic- related to tarmonia; based on the principles of harmony.
Harmonious- containing elements of harmony; having consistency, coherence, mutual correspondence of different qualities of objects, phenomena, parts of the whole
Clay- made of clay. Clay pot.
Clayey- containing clay. Clay soil.
one year old- at the age of one year; lain, lasted a year.
Annual- related to the whole year; resulting by the end of the year, as a result for the year; calculated for a year. Annual - for a period of one year, one-year.
Pride- self-esteem, self-esteem, a sense of satisfaction from success; an overly high opinion of oneself.
Pride- excessive pride.
Humanism- the progressive movement of the Renaissance; attitude towards people, imbued with love for a person and concern for his welfare.
Humanity- a property based on the meaning of the adjective humane.
Humanistic- an adjective to the nouns humanism and humanist.
Humanitarian- addressed to the human person, to the rights and interests of a person; relating to the social sciences that study man and his culture.
Humane- humane, philanthropic, imbued with love for a person, respect for the individual.
Binary– based on counting by twos (pairs): binary system.
Double- twice as large: double portion; double care; consisting of two pieces, parts: double lining; double bottom.
Dual- leaning in one direction and the other; contradictory: ambivalent attitude, opinion, feeling, behavior.
twofold- having two kinds, two forms, two meanings.
double– something made double.
doubled- enlarged, doubled.
Effective- capable of influencing, active: effective help.
Valid- real, authentic; valid: ticket, real life.
current- performing actions, being in action.
Businesslike- sensible, serious, enterprising: a businesslike worker; businesslike look; businesslike walk.
Business- related to official activities, work: business conversation, meeting.
efficient- capable of serious work: efficient worker,; serious, noteworthy: a practical project.
Delyachesky- which is based on narrow practicality, losing sight of the social side of the matter.
Democratic- containing elements of democracy, democracy, simple, relating to the people.
Democratic- based on the principles of democracy, realizing democracy, reflecting it, belonging to it. (Used in terminological phrases)
Dictation- written work, consisting in writing down the dictated text.
Diktat- a requirement, an instruction dictated by one strong side and imposed for unconditional fulfillment by another, weak side.
Diploma student- a person awarded a diploma for successful performance at a competition, festival, etc.; student preparing graduation thesis.
Diplomat – Executive engaged in diplomatic activities, work in the field of foreign relations; about a person acting subtly, skillfully.
Diplomatic- related to diplomacy, diplomat (diplomatic post).
Diplomatic- subtly calculated, evasive (diplomatic behavior).
Long- having a large length, length; longer than necessary; about the person: tall.; slowly stretching.
Long- long-term.
solid- benign, durable: good-quality goods, suit, house;
Kind- doing good, bringing good, close, noble: a kind person, character.
Confidential- showing confidence in someone, something: a confidential tone, voice, gesture, look.
Confiding- easily trusting; based on trust: gullible child, beast, disposition.
Rain associated with rain, caused by rain, bringing rain; designed to protect from rain.
Rainy- plentiful rain. Rainy season, year.
Dramatic- pertaining to drama about the singer's voice: strong, somewhat sharp in timbre, in contrast to the lyrical one.
Dramatic- containing elements of drama, tension, expressing strong, deep feelings, feelings; designed for effect, pompous.
Friendly- related to a friend, belonging to him, characterizing the relationship of friends.
Friendly- mutually benevolent, based on friendliness, expressing disposition (mainly about states, peoples and relations between them).
friendly- bound by friendship, mutual agreement, occurring simultaneously, in concert.
Unit- only one, the only one; separate, segregated, individual.
The only one- only one, such, besides which there is no other; exceptional. One - common, identical, one for all, possessing internal unity.
Desired- very expected, constituting the object of desire; dear, dear.
Desirable- necessary for something, corresponding to someone's desires, interests, expectations.
Hard- hard, rough (about the subject): hard tissue; strict, unconditional: rigidity of measures, character, games; hardness in the voice.
Cruel- pitiless, pitiless prone to cruelty.
Vital- relating to life: living conditions, contradictions; life experience, process, path; close to life, to reality: life image, story; important for life, socially necessary: vital question.
worldly- ordinary, normal Everyday life: everyday chores, everyday life, little things.
Housing- adjective for the noun dwelling.
Residential- intended for housing.
to block- put up a fence, a fence, obscure, close.
fence- surround with a fence.
fence- protect, preserve.
fence off- to separate, putting a fence, a partition.
block off- divided by a partition, something blocking.
Underestimate- to make it lower than normal, necessary, to make it lower than necessary.
Downgrade- make it lower move to a lower, less responsible position.
reduce- make low, lower, lower height.
Pay- 1) pay a fee for something, 2) repay (answer). Usage examples: pay for purchases, for work, for services, for a ticket, for travel; to pay with good for good (note: after the word pay, a noun or pronoun is used in V. p. with the preposition for).
pay out- pay for something. Usage examples: pay a salary, pay interest on a debt, pay off a mortgage loan.
repay- to do something in response to someone's act, to take revenge. Usage examples: repay with ingratitude, repay evil for good, repay hospitality, repay with care and care.
Pay- pay for something. Usage examples: pay expenses, pay bills, pay for services.
Fill- take it entirely enter the required information into something.
Fill- to make full, busy, saturated with something.
overflow- overfill.
initiator- the one who conceives something, lays the foundation for something.
instigator- the one who incites to start, starts something unseemly.
Animal- adjective to the noun beast; inherent in the beast, peculiar to the beast; cruel, ferocious; overly strong.
Brutal- peculiar to the beast, bestial; cruel, ferocious, wild; very strong, extreme.
Sound- perceived by the ear, consisting of sounds.
Sonorous- making loud, clear sounds.
Visual- pertaining to vision intended for spectators; one that looks at something.
spectator- pertaining to the viewer, peculiar to him.
Inventive- resourceful, quick to invent, able to invent.
inventive pertaining to invention, to an inventor.
Informative- carrying information, saturated with information.
Informational- pertaining to information.
Information- informing; reporting on the state of affairs, events; information about the surrounding world and the processes taking place in it, perceived by a person or special devices.
Awareness- awareness, the degree of knowledge of information.
Ironic- related to irony as a stylistic device.
ironic- containing elements of irony, used for the purpose of ridicule.
Artful- skillful, well-versed in his work; skillfully, well done.
Artificial- not natural, unnatural, made like a real, natural, unnatural.
Executive- having as its task the execution of decisions, decrees, practically exercising control over something; diligent, accurate and well performing duties, assignments.
Performing- relating to the performer, to the performance of any artistic (musical, literary, dramatic) work.
original- initial, starting.
Outgoing- sent from the institution.
Rocky- rich in stone: soil.
Stone- made of stone.
Comfortable- providing comfort, peace of mind,
Comfortable- meeting all the requirements of comfort.
equestrian- associated with horses; operating with horses.
Horse- belonging to a horse, related to him, horse.
Stocky- body type (short, strong, muscular).
Root- original, primordial, permanent, main; concerning the very foundations, the roots of something, decisive, the most important; main, central, core.
Root- pertaining to the root of a plant; which is a root, consisting of a root, roots.
Bone- adjective to the noun bone; mined from bones.
Bone- made of bone, obtained from the bones of animals.
Colorful- bright, juicy. Coloring - participle from the verb to paint; containing paint, used for coloring.
Painted- treated with paint.
Varnished- varnished; polished, outwardly shiny, smooth.
Lacquer- adjective to the noun varnish; lacquered (made of leather, wood, papier-mâché or lacquered metal).
Ice- consisting of ice, ice; situated on the ice; occurring in the ice.
Ice- adjective to the noun ice; consisting of ice, covered with ice; very cold (cold as ice); extremely restrained, contemptuously cold, destroying.
Wooded- heavily wooded.
Forest- adjective to the noun forest; located in the forest, living, growing in the forest; covered with forests; relating to forestry.
personal- pertaining to personality.
Private- belonging to a certain person; belonging to the individual; affecting the interests of any person.
Microscopic- produced using a microscope; distinguishable, visible only under a microscope.
microscopic- very small in size, size, volume.
Frozen- frozen.
Freezer- intended for freezing.
Frosty- related to frost as a natural phenomenon.
put on- cover the body with clothes (i.e. put on oneself): put on a coat, hat; with the pretext "on" put on yourself and on someone: put a backpack on your back,
covered furniture.
Dress up- to cover someone with clothes: to dress a child.
Availability– presence, existence: to be present.
Availability- the amount of something at a given time; money available.
Reminder- words to remind.
Mention- words relating to someone, not spoken on purpose, but in passing.
Ignorant- a rude, ill-mannered person.
ignoramus- uneducated, ignorant person.
Intolerable- one that cannot be endured (unbearable cold).
Intolerant- one that cannot be tolerated: intolerable situation, behavior; devoid of tolerance, not considering other people's opinions: an intolerant person; intolerant of others' success.
Impatient- not having the patience to wait for someone or something
Unsuccessful- accompanied by, ending in failure; unsatisfactory, not what it should be.
Unfortunate- haunted by misfortune.
accused- the one who is found guilty.
accusatory- containing an accusation, expressing condemnation.
snippet- a torn off, torn piece, separate, incoherent, disparate parts of something.
excerpt- a part isolated from a work, from a narrative.
embrace- concluding between outstretched hands, fingers, paws, etc., tightly press someone to yourself: the mother grabbed the child; the wrestler grabbed the opponent.
Reach- surround, compress; enclose within one's own limits, embrace, envelop: (covered) the neck.
Restrict- put in some kind of framework, boundaries, define some conditions.
delimit- separate, separate.
demarcate- to divide, denoting the boundaries; define exactly by separating one from the other.
Hail- an exclamation with which they call out, i.e. shouting, stop or call.
Response- response to a call, appeal; reflection, trace, vestige of something.
Organic- organism; characterized by life processes, alive; formed as a result of the decomposition of animal and plant organisms.
Organic- due to the very essence of something, organically inherent in someone or something.
Qualifying- an employee for the selection of someone, something: qualifying match, tournament; selection committee.
selective- selected, the best in quality: selected goods, flax, coal; obscene: selective abuse, abuse.
Deviation- rejection, rejection of something, abnormality, strangeness in behavior.
Evasion- moving to the side to avoid something; deviation from the direct direction.
Distinguish- establish a distinction, a boundary between something; stand out from others.
Distinguish- to recognize, to distinguish between something.
difference- a sign that creates a difference between something.
Difference difference, dissimilarity between something.
Retentive- having a good memory: a memoryful person, a student.
Memorable- preserved in memory, unforgettable: memorable date, meeting, trip; commemorative year; serving to remember; reminders, memory book, commemorative badge.
endure- to endure a lot; endure, overcome.
endure- to endure a lot (hardships); be reworked and changed.
Purchasing- pertaining to the opportunity to buy.
Purchasing- pertaining to the buyer, belonging to him.
Popular- understandable, accessible, uncomplicated in presentation; widely known, public sympathy.
populist- appealing to the broad masses and promising them a quick and easy solution to acute social problems.
venerable- inspiring respect, deserving of it; big, significant.
Respectful- Respectful to someone, showing respect.
Practical– relating to the field of practice; necessary for practice; instilling skill, skills; relating to real needs.
Practical- experienced, well versed in life affairs; convenient, suitable for business, profitable, economical.
Provide- give at the disposal, use, provide an apartment, loan, credit, freedom, word, opportunity; to give the right, the opportunity to do: to give a case to be resolved, to dispute, to determine the price.
Introduce- deliver, present, report: submit a report, project; introduce: introduce a guest, lecturer; to nominate, to propose: to present for an award, for an order, for a title, for a prize; See also: cause, create: this presents no difficulty.
Representative- making a favorable impression (representative appearance), authoritative; respectful, important, imposing.
Executive- elective (representative body) related to representation, representative (representative expenses).
Recognized- is generally accepted.
Grateful- experiencing, expressing gratitude.
Productive- bringing positive results, creating any values in the labor process, productive, fruitful.
Grocery- intended for food products, associated with the trade or storage of products.
Productive- bringing obvious results, creating some value, productive.
Industrial- related to production; engaged in production, involved in production.
Performance- an indicator of production efficiency that characterizes the output per unit of resources used, factors of production; quotient of dividing the volume of production by the value of the cost of resources for a given volume of production.
enlightening- an employee for education, spreading education.
educational- related to enlightenment, enlightener, characteristic of them.
journalistic- pertaining to journalism, to a publicist.
journalistic- touching on topical socio-political issues.
shy- fearful, frightened; expressing fear.
scared- one who is often frightened or who is very frightened.
Irritation- a state of excitement, agitation, a feeling of acute discontent, annoyance, a cell reaction to external influences.
Irritability- a property of the individual.
rhythmic- pertaining to rhythm, subordinate to it.
Rhythmic something that repeats at regular intervals.
Romantic- relating to romanticism as a direction in literature and art and as an artistic method; characteristic of romance; full of romance; emotionally elevated, attracting with its mystery.
Romantic- containing elements of romanticism, mystery, dreaminess.
Secretive- not inclined to share his thoughts, experiences, intentions with others, not frank.
Hidden- secret, not revealed explicitly.
Vocabulary- consisting of words; related to vocabulary.
Verbal- oral.
Resistance- countering the onslaught, attack, impact.
Resistance- the ability to resist, the degree of resistance.
Neighboring- located near, next to someone, in the neighborhood.
Neighboring- pertaining to a neighbor, belonging to him.
Comparable- one that can be compared.
Comparative- establishing similarities or differences, comparative; based on comparison.
Stage- pertaining to the scene; associated with the theater, theatrical art, theatrical activity.
scenic- suitable for the stage, for theatrical performance, having the properties necessary for the stage.
Technical- related to technology, associated with it, with its scientific development; used in industry; relating to the maintenance of equipment of any production; acting only at the direction of the head, not responsible.
technical- possessing skill, high technology; performed with great skill, skill (in sports, art).
Lucky- happy; one who is lucky (lucky explorer).
Successful- successful (good day).
Humiliated- the one who was humiliated; expressing humiliation, showing humiliation.
Humiliating- offensive to someone's dignity, pride.
Actual- valid, corresponding to the facts; real.
Factual- corresponding to reality, facts, requirements of accuracy.
Predatory- characteristic of a predator, predatory .; mismanaged, unplanned, pursuing the goals of immediate profit, enrichment.
Predatory– about animals: eating animals; greedy, full of desire to take possession of someone, to capture something, and also expressing such a desire; like a predator.
Royal- related to the king, luxurious, rich belonging to him; pertaining to the political regime of a monarchy headed by a king.
Regal- distinguished by majesty, significance in scope.
Reigning- performing the duties of the king; the same as reigning (high) preeminent, superior to all in some respect.
Whole- all without exception, full: a whole piece, a glass; significant, large: a whole pile of papers; a range of questions; unharmed: all things are intact.
Whole- from one substance, piece, solid: one-piece slab; solid granite.
Holistic- possessing internal unity: theory.
Economic- relating to the economy, economic.
Economical- giving the opportunity to save something, profitable.
Economical- thrifty spending something, respecting the savings; requiring moderate expenses, promoting economy, modest in expenses.
Aesthetic- related to aesthetics (the science of beauty in art and in life, about the general laws of artistic creativity); associated with the creation and perception of beauty.
aesthetic- beautiful, graceful; containing elements of aesthetics.
Ethical- related to ethics (science, the object of study of which is morality); conforming to the requirements of morality.
Ethical– admissible from the point of view of the requirements of ethics (norms of behavior).
Effective- giving effect, effective.
Spectacular- producing effect, impressive. effective method, effective solution, spectacular costumes.
Efficiency- efficiency, effectiveness.
Effectiveness- catchiness, the ability to impress.
Decide with answers.
The secret to successfully passing the exam in the Russian language is high-quality preparation with a thorough study of each type of task that the graduate will encounter during the examination work.
Like last year, tickets will include a paronym task. The topic "paronymic pairs" is studied in the school course of the Russian language, but many students have time to thoroughly forget it by the time of the final exams, which is confirmed by the large number of mistakes made by graduates in task No. 5.
We will tell you what paronyms are, you need to know about such pairs for the successful passing of the exam for 2019 graduates, and we will also help you understand the features of the topic and tell you where to find a list of words that FIPI experts use when compiling exam tickets.
The most important thing about paronyms
The Russian language is unique and rather complex in its structure. Words that sound very similar can have a dramatic different meanings which causes difficulties in speech perception for many foreigners.
Paronyms are words with the same root, similar in sound and belonging to the same part of speech, but at the same time having different meanings and used in different lexical constructions.
Paronyms can form:
- couples (2 words);
- rows (from 3 to 7 words).
Words that form paronymic pairs can be expressed not only by a noun, but also by other parts of speech (adverb, adjective or verb). The task of a graduate who wants to pass the exam well in 2019 is to know all paronyms (a list of pairs and lines from KIMs, their meaning and application features).
The words included in paronymic pairs and series may differ in prefixes and suffixes, or even have a stem of a different nature. Semantically, two groups of paronyms are distinguished:
There is also a separate group of words that differ significantly in functional and stylistic fixation (live - live, work - work).
Dictionary of paronyms
The first thing to do in the process of preparing for the USE in 2019 is to study the dictionary of paronyms. It should be said right away that in the KIMs of the Unified State Examination of 2019, not all paronyms that exist in the Russian language will be found, but only a short list of 124 pairs and rows. At the same time, in the complete dictionary compiled by Russian linguists, there are 1100 pairs and rows, each of which contains 2-7 words. If desired, a complete dictionary with detailed descriptions meanings and features of use can be found on the Internet (for example, on paronymonline.ru).
We bring to your attention a short dictionary of paronyms, which will be useful to all graduates, because in 2019 the Russian language remains a mandatory subject of the exam.
How to remember paronyms
Many paronymic pairs and their semantic differences are well known to everyone who is a native speaker of the Russian language. But there are also words in the list, the interpretation of which can cause difficulties. You can work out these paronyms by opening the corresponding dictionary with explanations, but in order to save time when preparing for the USE 2019, teachers recommend using quick reference books.
We suggest you download one of these ready-made dictionaries, which will help you quickly remember all 124 pairs necessary to complete task No. 5 from the Unified State Exam tickets.
Dictionary of paronyms from FIPI
Subscription- the right to use something (or a document granting this right) for a certain period: a subscription to the pool.
Subscriber– a person or institution holding a subscription: a telephone network subscriber.
Destination- the person or organization to whom the postal item is addressed (recipient).
Addresser- the person or organization sending the postal item (sender).
Artistic- pertaining to the artist; intended for the artist; peculiar to the artist, the artist, characteristic of him.
Artistic- Distinguished by artistry, artistic taste.
Poor- Possessing a very meager income, poor or indigent; deficient in something, meager; unfortunate, arousing compassion, pity.
Disastrous- full of disasters, deprivations.
Meek- not receiving, not giving an answer, a response to something; unable to object, contradict, very meek.
Irresponsible- not bearing or unaware of responsibility.
Marshy- abounding in swamps, swampy; swampy like a swamp.
Bolotny- related to the swamp, characteristic of it; intended for work in the swamp, movement in the swamp, etc.; living, growing in a swamp.
Grateful- feeling or experiencing gratitude.
thanksgiving- containing, containing gratitude, gratitude: a letter of thanks, a telegram.
Charitable- with the aim of providing material assistance to those in need.
Beneficial- useful, having a good effect.
Experienced- Seen and experienced a lot.
Former- currently not in any position.
former- past, past.
Reckless- done without thought or reasoning.
Beloved- beloved, dear.
boundless- huge, boundless, boundless.
inhale- each individual intake of air into the lungs, each individual inhalation: a deep breath.
Sigh- Strengthened inhalation and exhalation: a sigh escaped.
century- living, existing for centuries, for a very long time, unchanged, constant: centuries-old oaks, centuries-old forest; age-old traditions, customs;
Eternal- infinite in time, having neither beginning nor end, not ceasing to exist, indefinite, without term. - eternal human values,
eternal problems.
Great- surpassing any level, outstanding. Great composer, great musician.
Majestic- full of grandeur, solemn beauty, having large dimensions. A majestic building, a majestic monument.
Replenish- reimburse.
Supplement- to add new data to what others have said, to make it more complete by adding to something.
Top up- increase by adding something new to something existing
Hostile- full of hostility, hatred.
Hostile- pertaining to the enemy, the enemy, the enemy.
Benefit benefit, advantage.
profitability- availability of benefits; positivity that leaves a good impression.
extradition- issued money, goods.
recoil- the same as the coefficient of efficiency, benefit.
Broadcast- something that is given to someone; transfer process.
Distribution- to give something to many.
Pay- giving money to compensate for something.
Payment- a fee paid for something money. Payment is a monetary reward, compensation for something.
Payment– reimbursement: payment of tax
pay out- to pay a fee, to pay in full.
Pay- to give in return for something, to repay.
Pay- to pay for something. To repay - to do, to do something in response to someone's act.
pay- the same as paying
Grow- caring, to ensure the growth, development of someone or something, to nurture.
build up- to promote the growth of something, to lengthen; grow in any quantity; accumulate.
Grow- to give the opportunity to achieve in the growth of any size, size.
Tall- large in length or far located in the direction from bottom to top; exceeding the average level, average norm, significant; distinguished by value, honorable, important; sublime in content, very significant, solemn, not ordinary; very good in quality, excellent; about sounds: thin, sonorous, caused by vibrations of high frequency.
high-rise– extending above a known limit; caused by high altitude; produced or used at high altitude (air); about architectural structures: very high, multi-storey.
Warranty- adjective to the noun guarantee. Containing a guarantee, serving as a guarantee.
Guaranteed- participle from the verb guarantee. Secured.
Harmonic- related to tarmonia; based on the principles of harmony.
Harmonious- containing elements of harmony; having consistency, coherence, mutual correspondence of different qualities of objects, phenomena, parts of the whole
Clay- made of clay. Clay pot.
Clayey- containing clay. Clay soil.
one year old- at the age of one year; lain, lasted a year.
Annual- related to the whole year; resulting by the end of the year, as a result for the year; calculated for a year. Annual - for a period of one year, one-year.
Pride- self-esteem, self-esteem, a sense of satisfaction from success; an overly high opinion of oneself.
Pride- excessive pride.
Humanism- the progressive movement of the Renaissance; attitude towards people, imbued with love for a person and concern for his welfare.
Humanity- a property based on the meaning of the adjective humane.
Humanistic- an adjective to the nouns humanism and humanist.
Humanitarian- addressed to the human person, to the rights and interests of a person; relating to the social sciences that study man and his culture.
Humane- humane, philanthropic, imbued with love for a person, respect for the individual.
Binary– based on counting by twos (pairs): binary system.
Double- twice as large: double portion; double care; consisting of two pieces, parts: double lining; double bottom.
Dual- leaning in one direction and the other; contradictory: ambivalent attitude, opinion, feeling, behavior.
twofold- having two kinds, two forms, two meanings.
double– something made double.
doubled- enlarged, doubled.
Effective- capable of influencing, active: effective help.
Valid- real, authentic; valid: ticket, real life.
current- performing actions, being in action.
Businesslike- sensible, serious, enterprising: a businesslike worker; businesslike look; businesslike walk.
Business- related to official activities, work: business conversation, meeting.
efficient- capable of serious work: efficient worker,; serious, noteworthy: a practical project.
Delyachesky- which is based on narrow practicality, losing sight of the social side of the matter.
Democratic- containing elements of democracy, democracy, simple, relating to the people.
Democratic- based on the principles of democracy, realizing democracy, reflecting it, belonging to it. (Used in terminological phrases)
Dictation- written work, consisting in writing down the dictated text.
Diktat- a requirement, an instruction dictated by one strong side and imposed for unconditional fulfillment by another, weak side.
Diploma student- a person awarded a diploma for successful performance at a competition, festival, etc.; student preparing graduation thesis.
Diplomat– An official engaged in diplomatic activities, work in the field of foreign relations; about a person acting subtly, skillfully.
Diplomatic- related to diplomacy, diplomat (diplomatic post).
Diplomatic- subtly calculated, evasive (diplomatic behavior).
Long- having a large length, length; longer than necessary; about the person: tall.; slowly stretching.
Long- long-term.
solid- benign, durable: good-quality goods, suit, house;
Kind- doing good, bringing good, close, noble: a kind person, character.
Confidential- showing confidence in someone, something: a confidential tone, voice, gesture, look.
Confiding- easily trusting; based on trust: gullible child, beast, disposition.
Rain associated with rain, caused by rain, bringing rain; designed to protect from rain.
Rainy- plentiful rain. Rainy season, year.
Dramatic- pertaining to drama about the singer's voice: strong, somewhat sharp in timbre, in contrast to the lyrical one.
Dramatic- containing elements of drama, tension, expressing strong, deep feelings, feelings; designed for effect, pompous.
Friendly- related to a friend, belonging to him, characterizing the relationship of friends.
Friendly- mutually benevolent, based on friendliness, expressing disposition (mainly about states, peoples and relations between them).
friendly- bound by friendship, mutual agreement, occurring simultaneously, in concert.
Unit- only one, the only one; separate, segregated, individual.
The only one- only one, such, besides which there is no other; exceptional. One - common, identical, one for all, possessing internal unity.
Desired- very expected, constituting the object of desire; dear, dear.
Desirable- necessary for something, corresponding to someone's desires, interests, expectations.
Hard- hard, rough (about the subject): hard tissue; strict, unconditional: rigidity of measures, character, games; hardness in the voice.
Cruel- pitiless, pitiless prone to cruelty.
Vital- relating to life: living conditions, contradictions; life experience, process, path; close to life, to reality: life image, story; important for life, socially necessary: vital question.
worldly- ordinary, characteristic of everyday life: everyday chores, everyday life, little things.
Housing- adjective for the noun dwelling.
Residential- intended for housing.
to block- put up a fence, a fence, obscure, close.
fence- surround with a fence.
fence- protect, preserve.
fence off- to separate, putting a fence, a partition.
block off- divided by a partition, something blocking.
Underestimate- to make it lower than normal, necessary, to make it lower than necessary.
Downgrade- make it lower move to a lower, less responsible position.
reduce- make low, lower, lower height.
Pay- 1) pay a fee for something, 2) repay (answer). Usage examples: pay for purchases, for work, for services, for a ticket, for travel; to pay with good for good (note: after the word pay, a noun or pronoun is used in V. p. with the preposition for).
pay out- pay for something. Usage examples: pay a salary, pay interest on a debt, pay off a mortgage loan.
repay- to do something in response to someone's act, to take revenge. Usage examples: repay with ingratitude, repay evil for good, repay hospitality, repay with care and care.
Pay- pay for something. Usage examples: pay expenses, pay bills, pay for services.
Fill- take it entirely enter the required information into something.
Fill- to make full, busy, saturated with something.
overflow- overfill.
initiator- the one who conceives something, lays the foundation for something.
instigator- the one who incites to start, starts something unseemly.
Animal- adjective to the noun beast; inherent in the beast, peculiar to the beast; cruel, ferocious; overly strong.
Brutal- peculiar to the beast, bestial; cruel, ferocious, wild; very strong, extreme.
Sound- perceived by the ear, consisting of sounds.
Sonorous- making loud, clear sounds.
Visual- pertaining to vision intended for spectators; one that looks at something.
spectator- pertaining to the viewer, peculiar to him.
Inventive- resourceful, quick to invent, able to invent.
inventive pertaining to invention, to an inventor.
Informative- carrying information, saturated with information.
Informational- pertaining to information.
Information- informing; reporting on the state of affairs, events; information about the surrounding world and the processes taking place in it, perceived by a person or special devices.
Awareness- awareness, the degree of knowledge of information.
Ironic- related to irony as a stylistic device.
ironic- containing elements of irony, used for the purpose of ridicule.
Artful- skillful, well-versed in his work; skillfully, well done.
Artificial- not natural, unnatural, made like a real, natural, unnatural.
Executive- having as its task the execution of decisions, decrees, practically exercising control over something; diligent, accurate and well performing duties, assignments.
Performing- relating to the performer, to the performance of any artistic (musical, literary, dramatic) work.
original- initial, starting.
Outgoing- sent from the institution.
Rocky- rich in stone: soil.
Stone- made of stone.
Comfortable- providing comfort, peace of mind,
Comfortable- meeting all the requirements of comfort.
equestrian- associated with horses; operating with horses.
Horse- belonging to a horse, related to him, horse.
Stocky- body type (short, strong, muscular).
Root- original, primordial, permanent, main; concerning the very foundations, the roots of something, decisive, the most important; main, central, core.
Root- pertaining to the root of a plant; which is a root, consisting of a root, roots.
Bone- adjective to the noun bone; mined from bones.
Bone- made of bone, obtained from the bones of animals.
Colorful- bright, juicy. Coloring - participle from the verb to paint; containing paint, used for coloring.
Painted- treated with paint.
Varnished- varnished; polished, outwardly shiny, smooth.
Lacquer- adjective to the noun varnish; lacquered (made of leather, wood, papier-mâché or lacquered metal).
Ice- consisting of ice, ice; situated on the ice; occurring in the ice.
Ice- adjective to the noun ice; consisting of ice, covered with ice; very cold (cold as ice); extremely restrained, contemptuously cold, destroying.
Wooded- heavily wooded.
Forest- adjective to the noun forest; located in the forest, living, growing in the forest; covered with forests; relating to forestry.
personal- pertaining to personality.
Private- belonging to a certain person; belonging to the individual; affecting the interests of any person.
Microscopic- produced using a microscope; distinguishable, visible only under a microscope.
microscopic- very small in size, size, volume.
Frozen- frozen.
Freezer- intended for freezing.
Frosty- related to frost as a natural phenomenon.
put on- cover the body with clothes (i.e. put on oneself): put on a coat, hat; with the pretext "on" put on yourself and on someone: put a backpack on your back,
covered furniture.
Dress up- to cover someone with clothes: to dress a child.
Availability– presence, existence: to be present.
Availability- the amount of something at a given time; money available.
Reminder- words to remind.
Mention- words relating to someone, not spoken on purpose, but in passing.
Ignorant- a rude, ill-mannered person.
ignoramus- uneducated, ignorant person.
Intolerable- one that cannot be endured (unbearable cold).
Intolerant- one that cannot be tolerated: an intolerable situation, behavior; devoid of tolerance, not considering other people's opinions: an intolerant person; intolerant of others' success.
Impatient- not having the patience to wait for someone or something
Unsuccessful- accompanied by, ending in failure; unsatisfactory, not what it should be.
Unfortunate- haunted by misfortune.
accused- the one who is found guilty.
accusatory- containing an accusation, expressing condemnation.
snippet- a torn off, torn piece, separate, incoherent, disparate parts of something.
excerpt- a part isolated from a work, from a narrative.
embrace- concluding between outstretched hands, fingers, paws, etc., tightly press someone to yourself: the mother grabbed the child; the wrestler grabbed the opponent.
Reach- surround, compress; enclose within one's own limits, embrace, envelop: (covered) the neck.
Restrict- put in some kind of framework, boundaries, define some conditions.
delimit- separate, separate.
demarcate- to divide, denoting the boundaries; define exactly by separating one from the other.
Hail- an exclamation with which they call out, i.e. shouting, stop or call.
Response- response to a call, appeal; reflection, trace, vestige of something.
Organic- organism; characterized by life processes, alive; formed as a result of the decomposition of animal and plant organisms.
Organic- due to the very essence of something, organically inherent in someone or something.
Qualifying- an employee for the selection of someone, something: qualifying match, tournament; selection committee.
selective- selected, the best in quality: selected goods, flax, coal; obscene: selective abuse, abuse.
Deviation- rejection, rejection of something, abnormality, strangeness in behavior.
Evasion- moving to the side to avoid something; deviation from the direct direction.
Distinguish- establish a distinction, a boundary between something; stand out from others.
Distinguish- to recognize, to distinguish between something.
difference- a sign that creates a difference between something.
Difference difference, dissimilarity between something.
Retentive- having a good memory: a memoryful person, a student.
Memorable- preserved in memory, unforgettable: memorable date, meeting, trip; commemorative year; serving to remember; reminders, memory book, commemorative badge.
endure- to endure a lot; endure, overcome.
endure- to endure a lot (hardships); be reworked and changed.
Purchasing- pertaining to the opportunity to buy.
Purchasing- pertaining to the buyer, belonging to him.
Popular- understandable, accessible, uncomplicated in presentation; widely known, public sympathy.
populist- appealing to the broad masses and promising them a quick and easy solution to acute social problems.
venerable- inspiring respect, deserving of it; big, significant.
Respectful- Respectful to someone, showing respect.
Practical– relating to the field of practice; necessary for practice; instilling skill, skills; relating to real needs.
Practical- experienced, well versed in life affairs; convenient, suitable for business, profitable, economical.
Provide- give at the disposal, use, provide an apartment, loan, credit, freedom, word, opportunity; to give the right, the opportunity to do: to give a case to be resolved, to dispute, to determine the price.
Introduce- deliver, present, report: submit a report, project; introduce: introduce a guest, lecturer; to nominate, to propose: to present for an award, for an order, for a title, for a prize; See also: cause, create: this presents no difficulty.
Representative- making a favorable impression (representative appearance), authoritative; respectful, important, imposing.
Executive- elective (representative body) related to representation, representative (representative expenses).
Recognized- is generally accepted.
Grateful- experiencing, expressing gratitude.
Productive- bringing positive results, creating any values in the labor process, productive, fruitful.
Grocery- intended for food products, associated with the trade or storage of products.
Productive- bringing obvious results, creating some value, productive.
Industrial- related to production; engaged in production, involved in production.
Performance- an indicator of production efficiency that characterizes the output per unit of resources used, factors of production; quotient of dividing the volume of production by the value of the cost of resources for a given volume of production.
enlightening- an employee for education, spreading education.
educational- related to enlightenment, enlightener, characteristic of them.
journalistic- pertaining to journalism, to a publicist.
journalistic- touching on topical socio-political issues.
shy- fearful, frightened; expressing fear.
scared- one who is often frightened or who is very frightened.
Irritation- a state of excitement, agitation, a feeling of acute discontent, annoyance, a cell reaction to external influences.
Irritability- a property of the individual.
rhythmic- pertaining to rhythm, subordinate to it.
Rhythmic something that repeats at regular intervals.
Romantic- relating to romanticism as a direction in literature and art and as an artistic method; characteristic of romance; full of romance; emotionally elevated, attracting with its mystery.
Romantic- containing elements of romanticism, mystery, dreaminess.
Secretive- not inclined to share his thoughts, experiences, intentions with others, not frank.
Hidden- secret, not revealed explicitly.
Vocabulary- consisting of words; related to vocabulary.
Verbal- oral.
Resistance- counteraction to the onslaught, attack, impact.
Resistance- the ability to resist, the degree of resistance.
Neighboring- located near, next to someone, in the neighborhood.
Neighboring- pertaining to a neighbor, belonging to him.
Comparable- one that can be compared.
Comparative- establishing similarities or differences, comparative; based on comparison.
Stage- pertaining to the scene; associated with the theater, theatrical art, theatrical activity.
scenic- suitable for the stage, for theatrical performance, having the properties necessary for the stage.
Technical- related to technology, associated with it, with its scientific development; used in industry; relating to the maintenance of equipment of any production; acting only at the direction of the head, not responsible.
technical- possessing skill, high technology; performed with great skill, skill (in sports, art).
Lucky- happy; one who is lucky (lucky explorer).
Successful- successful (good day).
Humiliated- the one who was humiliated; expressing humiliation, showing humiliation.
Humiliating- offensive to someone's dignity, pride.
Actual- valid, corresponding to the facts; real.
Factual- corresponding to reality, facts, requirements of accuracy.
Predatory- characteristic of a predator, predatory .; mismanaged, unplanned, pursuing the goals of immediate profit, enrichment.
Predatory– about animals: eating animals; greedy, full of desire to take possession of someone, to capture something, and also expressing such a desire; like a predator.
Royal- related to the king, luxurious, rich belonging to him; pertaining to the political regime of a monarchy headed by a king.
Regal- distinguished by majesty, significance in scope.
Reigning- performing the duties of the king; the same as reigning (high) preeminent, superior to all in some respect.
Whole- all without exception, full: a whole piece, a glass; significant, large: a whole pile of papers; a range of questions; unharmed: all things are intact.
Whole- from one substance, piece, solid: one-piece slab; solid granite.
Holistic- possessing internal unity: theory.
Economic- relating to the economy, economic.
Economical- giving the opportunity to save something, profitable.
Economical- thrifty spending something, respecting the savings; requiring moderate expenses, promoting economy, modest in expenses.
Aesthetic- related to aesthetics (the science of beauty in art and in life, about the general laws of artistic creativity); associated with the creation and perception of beauty.
aesthetic- beautiful, graceful; containing elements of aesthetics.
Ethical- related to ethics (science, the object of study of which is morality); conforming to the requirements of morality.
Ethical– admissible from the point of view of the requirements of ethics (norms of behavior).
Effective- giving effect, effective.
Spectacular- producing an effect, impressive. an effective method, an effective solution, spectacular costumes.
Efficiency- efficiency, effectiveness.
Effectiveness- catchiness, the ability to impress.
The next step should be the solution of ready-made tasks. For this, both KIMs of past years and trial USE assignments 2019.
If you perceive information more easily, not just by reading the text, but by the case of the teacher, you can recommend watching numerous free online lessons that are easy to find on the net. Also on YouTube, you can find a video analysis of tickets in other subjects, works and their brief overview for the 2019 OGE in literature, and much other useful information for graduates.
We bring to your attention one of the lessons on paronyms:
Let's remember paronyms- these are single-root words that belong to the same part of speech, they are similar in sound and meaning, but have differences:
- in sound,
- in meaning,
- in combination with other words, that is, in lexical compatibility.
Examples
trusting - trusting
breath - breath
annual - annual - annual
Examples of misuse of paronyms
Confiding tone of conversation, soft manners bribed.
(Correctly: Confidential tone of conversation, soft manners bribed.)
inhale relief.
(Correctly: Sigh relief.)
We already have one year old experience.
(Correct: We already have annual experience.)
Study the list of paronyms. They are given explanations of the main meanings and examples of lexical compatibility. The presented material will expand your speech experience. But this is exactly what is lacking for those who make mistakes in the use of paronymic words.
Dictionary of paronyms to A2
Here is a list of words used:
subscriber - subscription
Subscriber— subscriber, subscriber, service user.
Usage examples: subscriber of the Moscow telephone network, complaints from subscribers, the answer of the subscriber.
Subscription- the right to use something, as well as a document confirming this right.
Usage examples: interlibrary loan; a subscription to the pool, to the museum, to the conservatory; concert subscription.
addressee - addressee
Addresser - the one who addresses the postal item: a letter, a telegram.
Usage examples: the addresser is unknown, the name of the addresser is indicated at the top left, the addressee is the sender.
Destination- the one who receives the mail.
Usage examples: the addressee is the recipient, the addressee left, the place of the addressee's signature in the receipt.
reckless - reckless - reckless - reckless - reckless
Reckless - 1) boundless (obsolete), 2) committed without looking back.
Usage examples: reckless daring, reckless extravagance.
Beloved- beloved, the one whom it is impossible to look at, who is impossible to admire.
Usage examples: my darling, darling beauty, darling granddaughter.
boundless- indefinable.
Usage examples: boundless view, vastness, boundless skies, boundless sea, boundless distance.
Unsightly- plain, unattractive in appearance, unseemly.
Usage examples: unsightly house, outfit, unsightly act, unsightly behavior, past.
Impenetrable- dark, thick, such that nothing can be seen through.
Usage examples: impenetrable darkness, fog; impenetrable darkness, darkness.
grateful - grateful
Grateful- Feeling gratitude, expressing gratitude.
Usage examples: grateful look, appearance, person; grateful patients, spectators, buyers, students.
thanksgiving- expressing gratitude.
Usage examples: thanksgiving prayer, thank you letter, appeal; thank you telegram thank you.
weekday - everyday
weekday- not a holiday, not a weekend, but a workday (days from Monday to Friday).
Usage examples: weekday, weekday evening.
everyday- ordinary, ordinary, ordinary.
Usage examples: everyday mood; everyday environment, clothes; everyday facial expression; everyday voice.
experienced - former - former
Experienced - 1) familiar, 2) knowledgeable, experienced.
Usage examples: seasoned traveler, warrior, seasoned tourists.
Former- 1) previously existing, 2) ceased to hold a position, position.
Usage examples: former club, former school, former doctor, director.
former past, former, past:
Usage examples: old years, old fear; former strength, sadness, glory; former happiness, respect.
Inhale - sigh
Inhale is the antonym of exhale.
Usage examples: take a deep breath, take a deep breath.
Sigh- Strengthened inhalation and exhalation, usually when expressing feelings.
Usage examples: a heavy sigh, a sigh of terror, he said with a sigh.
Age-old - eternal
Age-old - existing for a long time, for many years, centuries.
Usage examples: age-old oaks, age-old grove, age-old forest; age-old traditions, customs.
Eternal- endless, without beginning and end, constant.
Usage examples: eternal human values; eternal problems, complaints; eternal shawl on the shoulders, permafrost, eternal rest, eternal fire.
Great - majestic
Great- 1) very large, huge, exceeding the usual measure, 2) outstanding, important in value.
Usage examples: great responsibility, great contribution; great writer, composer, artist, performer, thinker; great happiness, great abundance.
Majestic- 1) majestic, solemn, 2) full of dignity, importance.
Usage examples: majestic panorama, majestic architectural ensemble, majestic building, majestic ruins, majestic posture.
Clay - clay
Clay - containing clay, abounding in clay.
Usage examples: clay soils, clay shale, clay soil.
Clay- made of clay.
Usage examples: clay dishes; clay shard, pot; clay hearth; a colossus with feet of clay.
annual - annual - annual
Annual - 1) continuing throughout the year, referring to the whole year, 2) tree rings.
Usage examples: annual expenses, annual absence, annual subscription to a monthly magazine.
one year old- at the age of one year.
Usage examples: one-year-old baby child, one-year-old daughter, for one-year-old children.
Annual- 1) relating to the whole year, 2) resulting by the end of the year, as a result for the year:
Usage examples: annual income, annual assessment, annual report, annual subscription to the annual publication, annual bonus.
proud - proud
Proud - full of pride, importance, a sense of superiority.
Usage examples: proud posture, proud posture, proud look.
Proud- 1) having pride, dignity, self-respect, 2) having a sense of superiority over others, considering himself superior, better than others, treating others with disdain.
Usage examples: a proud person, a proud soul, a proud look, a proud look, too proud.
Binary - double - dual - double - double - doubled
Binary - based on counting in twos (pairs), based on a combination of two components.
Usage examples: binary digit, binary number system, binary fractions, binary code.
Double- 1) consisting of two homogeneous or similar parts, 2) twice as much, 3) dual.
Usage examples: double frames, double mirror, double salary, double salary, double play.
Dual- 1) contradictory, 2) two-faced, 3) concerning two sides, two participants.
Usage examples: dual position, dual policy, dual agreement (bilateral agreement), dual interpretation.
twofold- double, manifesting itself in two forms.
Usage examples: double meaning, double benefit.
double- merged into one.
Usage examples: double thread, double wire.
doubled- doubled.
Usage examples: double strength, double reserve, double reserve, double attention.
Valid - Valid - Valid
Effective- effective, capable of influencing the result.
Usage examples: effective help, effective means, effective measures, effective force.
Valid- 1) really existing, 2) valid, valid, fit.
Usage examples: real fact, real life, valid travel ticket, valid for 10 days.
current- current, working.
Usage examples: current president, active volcano, current legislation, current rules, actor (hero of a work of fiction), active army (at the front during the war).
businesslike - businesslike - businesslike - businesslike
Businesslike- skillful, sensible, enterprising.
Usage examples: businesslike gait, businesslike appearance, businesslike manners.
Business- 1) connected with the case, with work, 2) knowledgeable, experienced in business.
Usage examples: business dress code, tone, conversation; business meeting, business letter, business connections, business circles.
efficient- capable of business, work, business.
Usage examples: efficient person, advice; sensible offer.
Delyachesky- based on narrow practicality, purely pragmatic.
Usage examples: businesslike approach, businesslike decision.
kind - kind
solid- well, solidly made.
Usage examples: solid furniture, matter, solid house.
Kind- 1) responsive, ready to help, disposed towards others, 2) good, bringing joy, success, good.
Usage examples: kind person, kind smile, memory, kind face, kind look, good news, good sign, good omen.
trusting - trusting
Confidential - expressing confidence
Usage examples: confidential atmosphere, conversation, intonation; trusting relationship; confidential conversation, tone.
Confiding- trusting, trusting.
Usage examples: trusting child, person, teacher; trusting girl, trusting being, trusting people.
rainy - rainy
Rain- pertaining to rain.
Usage examples: rain water, rain flow, smell; raindrop, rain clouds.
Rainy- plentiful rains, precipitations.
Usage examples: rainy day, season; rainy winter, spring, weather; rainy summer
cruel - tough
Cruel - 1) ruthless, merciless, too harsh, 2) too strong.
Usage examples: a cruel person, a cruel deed, a cruel plan, a cruel reprisal, a cruel frost, a cruel wind, a cruel headache.
Hard- 1) hard to the touch, strong, dense, 2) severe, sharp, 3) not allowing deviations.
Usage examples: tough person, tough position, tough words, tough look, tough schedule, tough deadlines.
life-giving - living - animal - tenacious
Life-giving - strengthening vital forces.
Usage examples: life-giving light, life-giving warmth, life-giving remedy.
Alive- 1) an antonym for the word dead, 2) related to living things: plants, animals, 3) mobile, restless, active, nimble, 4) intensely manifested, 5) bright, expressive.
Usage examples: living fighter, living nature, living matter, living child, living son, living interest, living deed, living speech, living look.
Animal- 1) related to the organic world, 2) like an animal, i.e. not controlled by consciousness.
Usage examples: animal fats, animal fear, animal nature, animal instincts.
tenacious- 1) hardy, viable, 2) long-lasting.
Usage examples: tenacious like a cat; enduring being, enduring tradition, enduring habits.
vital - worldly
Vital- 1) related to life, 2) important for life.
Usage examples: vital interest, path; vital indication for surgery; vitality, luck, drama, tragedy.
worldly- ordinary, connected with daily life.
Usage examples: worldly problem, vanity, worldly wisdom; business of life; everyday little things, everyday habits.
to fence off - to fence off - to fence off - to fence off - to fence off
Enclose - 1) enclose with a fence, make a fence, 2) arrange a barrier.
Usage examples: blocked the garden, vegetable garden, blocked access, passage.
fence- surround with a fence, a fence.
Usage examples: to enclose a garden, a house, a site.
fence-1) to enclose with a fence: to enclose with a lattice; 2) with the help of any measures to protect from someone's attacks, encroachments.
Usage examples: protect from attacks, nit-picking, from unfair accusations.
fence off- to separate with a fence, a fence, to isolate.
Usage examples: fence off a children's corner, fence off a place for luggage (usually indicate what or what is fenced off).
block off- 1) divide the space with a partition, 2) arrange a barrier.
Usage examples: to block a room, to block a road, a passage, to block a river with a dam.
lower - lower - lower
Underestimate - present in a smaller size.
Usage examples: underestimate, underestimate quantitative data.
Downgrade-1) make it lower, 2) reduce the level, degree, intensity, etc. 3) transfer to a lower position.
Usage examples: lower salary, temperature of water, air, lower in position, in rank.
reduce- decrease.
Usage examples: reduce prices, speed, requirements, importance, loudness.
pay - pay
Pay- 1) pay a fee for something, 2) repay (answer).
Usage examples: pay for purchases, for work, for services, for a ticket, for travel; pay good for good.
Pay- pay for something.
Usage examples: pay expenses, pay bills, pay services.
fill - fill - fill
Fill in - 1) take it entirely, fill it out, 2) enter the necessary information.
Usage examples: fill the hall, fill all the places, fill the area; fill out a form, a form, a form, a questionnaire.
Fill- 1) to occupy entirely (filling, pouring, laying), 2) to take time.
Usage examples: fill the container, basket, box, boxes; fill life with work, meaning, entertainment.
overflow- to fill, to fill beyond measure.
Usage examples: fill the bottle with water, fill the cup of patience.
difficult - difficult
Difficult - done with effort, with difficulty.
Usage examples: difficulty breathing, difficulty moving.
Difficult- causing difficulty or containing difficulty.
Usage examples: predicament, circumstance, predicament, predicament.
initiator - instigator
The initiator is the founder.
Usage examples: initiator of the competition, initiator of urban reforms, initiators of a trend in art.
instigator- the one who starts something unseemly.
Usage examples: instigator of a fight, instigator of a scandal, instigators of street riots.
sound - sonorous
Sound - 1) a physical term (related to sound), 2) a recording or reproducing device, apparatus, 3) consisting of sounds.
Usage examples: sound wave, sound signal, sound film, sound apparatus.
Sonorous- Loud, clear, distinct sounding.
Usage examples: sonorous voice, laughter, bell, stream.
malevolent - malevolent - malevolent - malevolent
Evil - 1) full of malice, enmity; 2) expressing, revealing anger.
Usage examples: evil character, person, look, cry, voice; evil eyes.
Sinister- testifying to the onset of something bad, heavy, some kind of trouble.
Usage examples: an ominous sign, a dream; ominous rumors, omens, sounds.
Evil- 1) full of enmity, ill will; 2) caused by malice; 3) ferocious, fierce (about an animal); 4) very strong.
Usage examples: act, look, person, voice, intent; evil stepmother, wife; evil eyes, people; evil frost, wind.
Malicious - 1) malicious, 2) deliberately dishonest.
Usage examples: malicious truant, violator, non-payer.
sparkling - playful - playful - playful
Sparkling - foamy, effervescent.
Usage examples: sparkling drink, sparkling wine.
Playful— loving to play, agile.
Usage examples: playful child, kitten, puppy.
Gambling- intended for gambling.
Usage examples: gambling house, hall.
Playing- an employee for the game.
Usage examples: playing cards, slot machine.
Skillful - artificial
Skillful - 1) skillful, 2) performed with skill, skill.
Usage examples: skillful craftsman, skillful speaker, skillful work, carving, embroidery.
Artificial- 1) made like natural, 2) insincere, feigned.
Usage examples: artificial fabrics, artificial stone, artificial cheerfulness.
Source - outgoing
initial - initial
Usage examples: initial moment, initial level of knowledge, initial position, initial situation, initial advantage.
Outgoing is a document management term.
Usage examples: outgoing number, outgoing document, outgoing mail, outgoing correspondence.
Stony - stone
Stony - rich in stones, containing many stones
Usage examples: rocky road, path, footpath, soil; rocky coast.
Stone- 1) consisting of a stone, 2) like a stone (immovable, frozen, insensible).
Usage examples: stone house, city, bridge; stone architecture, building; stone wall; stone face, stone figure, stone heart.
Comfortable - comfortable
Comfortable— convenient, with comfort.
Usage examples: comfortable apartment, furniture; comfortable car, plane, ship, train.
Comfortable- convenient.
Usage examples: comfortable situation, atmosphere, furnishings, role, comfortable living, but maybe comfortable housing (in dictionaries, one word is explained through another).
equestrian - horse
Equestrian - 1) for horses, 2) with the help of horses, 3) on a horse.
Usage examples: horse harness, horse yard, horse traction, horse thresher, horse riding, mounted police.
Horse- 1) related to the horse, 2) part of the botanical names.
Usage examples: horse hair, horse stomping, horse snoring, horse neighing; horse sorrel, horse chestnut.
root - stocky - root
Indigenous - 1) basic, original, 2) deep, essential, affecting the foundations, 3) important, main, 4) medical term.
Usage examples: native people, indigenous people, indigenous nationality; fundamental question, fundamental turn, fundamental changes, radical mast, radical horse (middle in the top three); permanent teeth.
Stocky- body type (short, strong, muscular).
Usage examples: stocky figure, stocky young man.
Root- pertaining to the root.
Usage examples: plant root system, root morpheme.
colorful - dyed
Colorful- bright, juicy
Usage examples: colorful landscape, still life, language; colorful picture; colorful, bright colors of summer.
Painted- treated with paint.
Usage examples: dyed blonde, dyed hair, lips; painted floor, house; painted frames.
oily - oily - oily - oily
Buttered - 1) oiled, soaked in oil, 2) about the look (sensual), 3) about the voice (saccharine, flattering or ingratiating), 4) Maslenitsa (Shrovetide, the week before Lent).
Usage examples: oily pancake, oily porridge, oily hands, oily cuffs, sleeves, oily padded jacket, oily look, oily voice.
oilseed- pertaining to an olive (olive), tree or fruit.
Usage examples: olive tree, olive berries, Mount of Olives in Jerusalem.
Oily- 1) containing oil, 2) similar to oiled, glossy, having a shine.
Usage examples: oily stains on the road, oily leaves, oily eyes, oily look.
Oil- 1) from oil, 2) filled with paints, pounded in oil, 3) running on oil.
Usage examples: oil stain, oil painting, oil paints, oil engine, oil lamp.
put on - put on
put on- something for yourself.
Usage examples: put on a dress, suit, glasses, jewelry, shoes.
Dress up- someone.
Usage examples: dress a child, sick, baby; dress with a blanket.
Availability - cash
Presence is presence.
Usage examples: availability of products in the store, goods in stock.
Availability is the quantity currently available.
Usage examples: cash, cash check.
print - print
Print - SV to the verb print.
Usage examples: print books, circulation, print photographs, print (publish) poetry, novel, type on a typewriter.
Print- 1) the same as printing, but with a touch of completion (finish printing), 2) make an imprint, 3) open the room by removing the seal.
Usage examples: print the edition of the book, print the text on a typewriter, the crow printed footprints in the snow, print the room in the presence of witnesses.
Ignorant - ignorant
Ignorant - impolite, violating the norms of polite behavior.
Usage examples: He is rude and uncouth ignoramus. Don't be rude.
ignoramus- ignorant, ignorant, poorly educated.
Usage examples: He is a complete ignoramus: he has not read a book in his life. It's a shame to be ignorant.
innocent - innocent
Innocent - 1) without guilt, innocent, 2) naive, ingenuous, 3) chaste.
Usage examples: an innocent look, an innocent appearance, an innocent joke, an innocent conversation, an innocent creature, an innocent girl.
Innocent- not involved in the crime.
Usage examples: an innocent person, an old man, a youth.
imperceptible - imperceptible - imperceptible
Immeasurable - unobservable.
Usage examples: boundless distances, boundless sea surface, boundless sky, boundless horizon.
Impenetrable- dense, dark, deaf.
Usage examples: impenetrable darkness, darkness, night; impenetrable fog, darkness.
Unsightly- inconspicuous, unattractive.
Usage examples: unsightly view, yard, house, district; unsightly surroundings, unsightly prospect, unsightly future.
intolerable - impatient - intolerant
Unbearable - unbearable.
Usage examples: unbearable stuffiness, pain, heat, thirst.
Impatient- 1) having difficulty enduring something, 2) expressing impatience.
Usage examples: impatient person, look; impatient movement, tapping, impatient posture.
Intolerant- one that is impossible to put up with.
Usage examples: intolerant attitude, intolerant act, intolerant behavior, intolerant trick.
snippet - snippet
Scrap - 1) torn off piece, 2) part.
Usage examples: a piece of paper, a piece of newspaper, pieces of thread, pieces of phrases, a piece of conversation.
excerpt- a small part of the work, a fragment.
Usage examples: an excerpt from a poem, an excerpt from a story, a musical excerpt, an excerpt from a play.
to embrace - to embrace
Embrace - embrace from different sides, hug.
Usage examples: put your head in your hands, sit with your hands on your knees.
Reach- 1) grab, hug, 2) settle around, nearby, surround, 3) spread over the entire surface, throughout the space, 4) bypass the enemy from the flanks, 5) involve someone in some activity, 6) completely take over .
Usage examples: grandmother wrapped (synonymously: grabbed) my head with her hands, the forest covered the dacha from three sides, the steppe covered the village from all sides, the fire engulfed the entire building, I was trembling, she was seized with fear, the election campaign swept the entire region, the population census swept the whole country , we covered the Germans from three sides.
fence off - fence off - fence off
fence- 1) to enclose with a fence, 2) to protect.
Usage examples: to enclose a house and a garden, to enclose a piece of land; protect from attacks, accusations, protect from trouble.
fence- surround with a fence.
Usage examples: enclose the house and garden with a fence, enclose the bed with screens.
fence off- 1) separate something with a partition, fence, 2) isolate, separate.
Usage examples: fence off with a curtain, fence off a children's corner, fence off a distant section of the garden; to fence off from life, to fence off from affairs.
limitation - limitation
Limitation- boundaries, limits in any activity.
Usage examples: service restrictions, restriction of opportunities, restriction of rights, seasonal restrictions, age restrictions.
Limitation- 1) small opportunities, 2) property of a person, group of people, society.
Usage examples: limited money, limited opportunities, limited time, limited mind, limited possessive psychology, limited authority; her, his, their limitations.
limit - limit - limit
Restrict- set within boundaries.
Usage examples: the building of the town hall limited the area from the north, limit income, limit the will, limit freedom, limit opportunities, limit rights.
delimit- to separate one from the other or from everything else by setting a boundary.
Usage examples: the far corner of the garden was delimited by a light fence, we need to delimit our understanding of the problem from the generally accepted one, we should not artificially delimit the child from the life of the family as a whole.
demarcate separate from each other or one from the other: distinguish between concepts, distinguish between duties, distinguish between good and bad, distinguish between harmful and beneficial factors.
single - single - single
Single- consisting of one part, not double.
Usage examples: single door, frame; single thread.
Lonely- 1) existing separately from others, 2) having no family, relatives, 3) flowing alone.
Usage examples: lonely pine tree, lonely house, lonely person, lonely life, lonely old age, lonely walk, lonely meditation.
Single- 1) alone, 2) without the help of anyone.
Usage examples: single shot, leopards are characterized by a solitary lifestyle, solitary fishing.
call - response
A cry is an exclamation, a cry.
Usage examples: a low call, an unexpected call, a sharp call, a call “Stop! Who goes?"
Response- 1) response to the appeal, 2) state of mind resulting from any impact, 3) review, article, letter.
Usage examples: there was no response, a quiet response, there was no response, I heard an unintelligible response, provoke a response in the soul, awaken a response, responses in the newspaper, responses on the Internet.
Dangerous - dangerous
Cautious- Fearful, fearful, wary.
Usage examples: a fearful thought, a fearful reaction, a fearful old woman.
Dangerous- representing a danger.
Usage examples: dangerous zone, dangerous criminal, dangerous state of affairs, dangerous situation.
choosing - choosing
Selecting- gerund from ch. select. To take away - 1) to take something from someone against his will, 2) to take from a certain number on a certain basis.
Usage examples: take away toys, money, phone; select the participants of the competition, select the best works.
Choosing- gerund from ch. choose. Choose - 1) take what you need from what is available, based on certain signs, 2) participate in elections, 3) find time for something.
Usage examples: choose the most beautiful girl, choose the ripest fruits, choose the chairman of the meeting, choose the president, choose with difficulty the time for your favorite business.
selective - selective
selective- 1) selected from others as the best, 2) obscene.
Usage examples: selected grain, selected cast of actors, selected berries; selective swearing, selective mat.
Qualifying for the purpose of selection.
Usage examples: qualifying competitions, selection committee.
Deviation - evasion
Deviation- 1) refusal, 2) retreat.
Usage examples: rejection of a petition for pardon, rejection of an appeal, deflection of a compass needle, deviation from the norm, deviation from the right direction.
Evasion- retreat from something.
Usage examples: evasion of duties, evasion of obligations, evasion of the agenda.
evade - evade
deviate- move to the side.
Usage examples: the compass needle deviates for a fraction of a second and returns to the correct position, the speedometer needle deviates to the right, we deviate from our goal, you deviate from the topic.
Dodge- 1) deviate, move away, 2) refrain from something, 3) change the original direction.
Usage examples: evade blows, evade duties, evade conversation, evade the original course.
Distinguish - Distinguish
Distinguish- 1) recognize something among other things, 2) reward, highlight (obsolete).
Usage examples: he does not distinguish rye from wheat, he was distinguished by a promotion.
Distinguish- 1) to recognize by sight or other senses, 2) to distinguish.
Usage examples: with difficulty to distinguish in the dark, to distinguish her voice, to distinguish shades of color, to distinguish the manner of performance.
Difference - difference
difference- 1) a sign that creates a difference, 2) merit (obsolete), 3) sign, title, diploma, etc. indicators of recognition of someone's merit.
Usage examples: understand the difference, catch the difference, combat differences, graduate from the university with honors.
Difference- 1) difference, dissimilarity.
Usage examples: the difference between us, the difference between the lyrical hero and the author, the difference between photography and painting.
shake off - shake off
shake off- shake off (remove something with a movement of the hand or with the help of something).
Usage examples: shake off crumbs, dust, shake off the snow from your feet, shake off your feet with a broom, shake off a dusty magazine.
shake off- 1) remove something with a characteristic movement, 2) get rid of something.
Usage examples: shake off the snow from the hat, shake off the drops of water from the umbrella, shake off fear, shake off unpleasant memories.
memorable - memorable
Retentive- having a good memory.
Usage examples: memory person.
Memorable- unforgettable, memorable, significant, important.
Usage examples: memorable day, year, moment, conversation; commemorative medal, trip; memorable event.
endure - endure
endure- to endure, endure something unpleasant, difficult.
Usage examples: endure hardships, endure cold, thirst, heat.
endure- 1) survive, endure something unpleasant, difficult, 2) undergo a change.
Usage examples: endure all difficulties and hardships, endure punishment; undergo change, undergo deformation, undergo transformation.
Transitional - transitory - transient
Transition- 1) being a transition, 2) a grammatical term.
Usage examples: transitional period, age, transitional era, time, transitional time; transitive verbs.
rolling- 1) one that passes, 2) transferred to the winner, 3) a financial term.
Usage examples: crossing the road; challenge cup, challenge banner, challenge title; carry-over amounts, carry-over totals.
Transient- one that passes quickly, temporary, short-lived.
Usage examples: transient values, transient glory.
sandy - sandy
Sand- 1) containing sand or intended for sand, 2) similar to sand.
Usage examples: hourglass, sand dust, sand box (for sand); sand color, sand coat.
Sandy- consisting of sand or covered with a layer of sand.
Usage examples: sandy beach, sandy bottom, sandstorm.
weeping - weeping - deplorable
whiny- 1) often crying, prone to tears, 2) plaintive, such as happens when crying.
Usage examples: whiny child, whiny mood; whiny voice, whiny facial expression.
Weeping- 1) having long, hanging branches, 2) obsolete: often crying.
Usage examples: weeping birch, weeping willow. In the second sense, the word can be found in classical literature.
deplorable- 1) regrettable, pity, 2) obsolete: dreary, plaintive.
Usage examples: deplorable state of affairs, deplorable state, deplorable results; deplorable sounds.
Selection - choice
Selection- 1) process, 2) meeting, collection.
Usage examples: selection of personnel, selection of people, selection of artists; selection of jewelry, selection of coins, selection of books.
Choice- 2) process, 2) what they choose from, 3) in many ways. h.: elections - election by voting.
Usage examples: choice of profession, offer a choice, a good choice, a poor choice, a huge choice; President elections.
Fake - fake - fake
Fake- 1) the process of making fake things, 2) a fake, a fake thing.
Usage examples: counterfeiting money, counterfeiting antiques; This store is full of fakes.
craft- small work or its result.
Usage examples: the exhibition included children's crafts, handicrafts, bone and wood crafts.
Trick- a reprehensible act, a misdemeanor.
Usage examples: a serious trick, a childish trick, an innocent trick (prank), the tricks of a clown amused everyone: both adults and children.
appropriate - similar
Befitting- appropriate, required in given conditions.
Usage examples: proper quality, proper attitude, proper meeting, proper honors.
Like- 1) similar to someone or something, 2) a mathematical term.
Usage examples: similar situation, similar case, similar news, similar work, similar answer; triangles are similar.
place - place - place
Post- 1) determine a place for something (put, put, hang, arrange), 2) settle, provide housing, 3) arrange someone somewhere (to a hospital, orphanage, boarding school), 4 ) invest funds (money), 5) print, publish.
Usage examples: put a chair in a corner, put guests in a corner room, I was placed in the surgical department, put money in a commercial bank at interest, in the latest issue of the Novy Mir magazine for 2013 they placed a selection of poems by a famous poet.
Post- 1) arrange in a certain order, 2) distribute among many persons (participants).
Usage examples: place the dishes on the shelf, place the linen in the closet, place orders profitably.
fit- to place something completely or in large quantities.
Usage examples: Mom was able to fit all my things on one shelf, I want to fit all the apples in one basket.
Fit(s) - fit(s) - fit(s)
fit- 1) fit in, find enough space, 2) settle down.
Usage examples: I did not think that so many people could fit here; cereals do not fit in a jar; We settled in a small house on the beach.
accommodate- find a place for yourself, settle down, settle down.
Usage examples: to be accommodated in the house, in the room, in the armchair, on the couch, it is convenient to accommodate.
fit in- 1) fit completely, 2) settle down, settle down in a limited space.
Usage examples: the sisters fit on one chair; I did not think that so many people could fit in such a small room.
Local - landowner
local-1) belonging to the estate, 2) owning the estate.
Usage examples: local landownership, local nobility.
landowner- owned by the landowner.
Usage examples: manor house, manor house, manor garden, manor stable.
Replenish - fill
Top up- increase, add, make more complete.
Usage examples: replenish the bank account, replenish food supplies, replenish the collection.
Fill- 1) take it entirely, fill it in, 2) enter the required information.
Usage examples: water was coming: it quickly filled the cellars of houses; fill out a questionnaire, a form, an application form.
Get old - get old
grow old- getting older or getting older.
Usage examples: father, grandfather, brother, matchmaker has grown old, mother has grown old, cat has grown old.
become obsolete- 1) become old, 2) go out of use, out of fashion, out of use.
Usage examples: my views are outdated, it's time to change them; classics cannot be outdated; research methods are outdated; equipment is outdated.
Deed - misdemeanor:
deed- intentional action.
Usage examples: noble deed, selfless deed, masculine deed, worthy deed, commit an deed.
misdemeanor- an act that violates the rules of conduct; fault.
Usage examples: commit a misdemeanor, an unfortunate misconduct, a serious punishment for misconduct.
venerable - respectful
venerable- 1) worthy of reverence, respect, 2) significant (about distance or size, volume).
Usage examples: venerable sir, old man; venerable goals, tasks; be at a respectable distance.
Respectful- 1) relating to someone with respect or demonstrating respect, respect, 2) significant (about distance or size, volume).
Usage examples: respectful young man, respectful appearance, respectful manner, respectful countenance, respectful look; at a respectful distance.
festive - idle
Festive- 1) related to the holiday, 2) smart, beautiful, 3) solemnly joyful, happy.
Usage examples: celebratory date, celebratory event, celebratory salute; festive attire, costume; holiday dress; festive look, festive mood, holiday memories.
Idle- 1) doing nothing, being idle, 2) not filled with work, business, 3) empty, useless, aimless, generated by idleness.
Usage examples: an idle and empty man, no one saw him idle; idle life, idle way of life, idle conversation, idle question, idle interest.
practical - practical
Practical- 1) relating to practice, 2) dealing with any matter directly, personally, 3) being the application of knowledge and skills in practice.
Usage examples: practical activity, practical application, practical value; practical guidance, practical center; practical exercises, practical knowledge and skills, practical techniques.
Practical - 1) versed in practical matters, successful in the practical side of life, 2) profitable, convenient.
Usage examples: practical person; practical mistress, wife, mother; practical step; practical color, material.
Provide - introduce
Provide - 1) give the opportunity to use or own something, 2) give the opportunity or the right to do something.
Usage examples: provide opportunities, provide documents, provide freedom of choice, right; leave it to me to decide, to give the management of the estate to a new person.
Introduce - 1) give for review, 2) highlight, send as a representative, 3) apply for an award, promotion, position, 4) introduce, recommend, 5) show, demonstrate, 6) portray on stage, play, 7) mentally imagine.
Usage examples: present the results of the study; present candidates from the region, from the school; submit for an award; introduce the groom to the parents; present prospects, direction of work; the actors successfully presented the feelings and states of their characters; imagine something, be of interest.
representative - representative
Representative- 1) elective, 2) reflecting the interests of all interested persons, groups, parties, 3) solid, prominent, making a favorable impression.
Usage examples: representative power, representative bodies of power; representative assembly, representative congress, representative exhibition; representative man, representative appearance.
Executive - 1) for the purpose of presentation, 2) deluxe class.
Usage examples: entertainment expenses, purposes; representative interests; executive class car, executive class room (in a hotel).
Submission - Giving
Performance- 1) noun. from the verb to represent, 2) official paper, application for an award, promotion, rank, 3) performance, theatrical action, 4) the image of objects and the world in the perception of people, 5) understanding, knowledge.
Usage examples: presentation of evidence in court; presentation for an award; theatrical performance; my views, your view, get a view of the events; have the most general idea of historical processes.
Providing- noun. from the verb to provide: provision.
Usage examples: provision of living space, provision of services, provision of opportunities, provision of work in accordance with the contract.
Recognized - appreciative
Recognized- 1) the one who was recognized (participle from chap. recognize), 2) appreciated, famous.
Usage examples: recognized authority, recognized talent; recognized artist, actor, director, public figure, scientist.
Grateful- feeling or expressing gratitude, gratitude.
Usage examples: be grateful, grateful words, grateful attitude.
humiliate - humiliate
belittle- 1) put a humiliating position in, humiliate, 2) belittle the value, underestimate.
Usage examples: belittle in one's own eyes, belittle the value, belittle the role.
Humiliate- offend, offend.
Usage examples: humiliate in front of everyone; to humiliate with an attitude, words, a slap in the face, a cry.
problematic - problematic
problematic- conjectural, unsaid, unlikely, doubtful.
Usage examples: problematic solution, statement, conclusion, assumption; problematic conclusion, result; problematic opportunity.
Problem- containing a problem or intended to solve it.
Usage examples: problem situation, problem article, problem group, problem approach, problem lesson, problem lecture.
production - productive
Industrial- related to production or intended for production.
Usage examples: production process, production capacity, production department, industrial relations, production defects, production meeting, production area.
Productive- producing, creating, productive.
Usage examples: productive labor, productive forces.
prophesy - read
Prophesy- foretell, foretell.
Usage examples: prophesy the future; prophesy misfortune, trouble; prophesy good luck, victory.
Read- predestinate, foretell.
Usage examples: to read into wives, into husbands; read to the bosses; read into the bride; read for yourself, for your brother.
fisherman - fisherman
angler- 1) the one who catches fish, 2) the lover of fishing.
Usage examples: Fishermen sat and stood along the banks of the lake. Passionate fisherman, amateur fisherman; real, knowledgeable, experienced angler.
Fisherman- 1) one who is engaged in fishing, 2) A lover of fishing (colloquial)
Usage examples: the fishermen worked as a team; brigade of fishermen; real, good, old fisherman.
Fishing - fishing
Fishing- related to fishing or intended for fishing.
Usage examples: fishing season, fishing tackle, fishing minesweeper, fishing fleet.
Fishing- engaged in fishing as a trade.
Usage examples: fishing artel, fishing trawler.
vocabulary - verbal
Vocabulary— pertaining to a dictionary or the work of creating dictionaries.
Usage examples: dictionary entry, vocabulary of the language, dictionary work.
Verbal-1) adjective from noun. word, 2) expressed in words, in words.
Usage examples: verbal war, battle; verbal material, word combinations.
resistance - resistance
Resistance- 1) counteraction, 2) term: resistance of materials
Usage examples: resistance to authority, resistance to the will of parents, electrical resistance, resistance to compression, resistance to materials; windage.
Resistance- the ability to resist.
Usage examples: resistance to diseases, infections, stress; body resistance; resistance of rocks to weathering.
comparable - comparative
Comparable- participle from the verb compare; one that can be compared to anything.
Usage examples: comparable values, with nothing comparable.
Comparative- 1) based on comparison, 2) relative, 3) linguistic term: comparative degree, comparative adjective, comparative adverb.
Usage examples: comparative research method, comparative linguistics; comparative silence, comparative prosperity; comparative adjective, comparative degree.
ancient - old
Old- 1) created in the old days, 2) old, old
Usage examples: old carpet, old coin, vintage decoration, vintage books; old acquaintance, old friend.
Old-1) having lived for many years, 2) old, old, 3) long in use, 4) (about time) past, 5) former.
Usage examples: old grandfather, old woman; old hurt, old wound, old pain, old tradition; old dress, old shoes, old house; old time, old life; old address, phone, old data.
Glass - glass
Glass- 1) made of glass, 2) such as glass, 3) motionless, lifeless.
Usage examples: glass cup, glassware; glass shine, glass chime; glassy eyes, glassy eyes
Glass- designed for glass or glass production, glass work.
Usage examples: buy glass putty; glass workshop, glass factory, glass raw materials, glass industry.
Satisfied - Satisfied
Satisfying- 1) well satiating, high-calorie, 2) plentiful.
Usage examples: hearty pies, hearty dish; hearty lunch, hearty food; satisfying life, satisfying wintering.
well-fed- 1) not experiencing hunger, 2) well-fed, well-fed, 3) living in abundance.
Usage examples: well-fed man, well-fed children, well-fed cat, well-fed cattle; well-fed country, well-fed Europe.
Lucky - Lucky
Lucky- one who is favored by luck; successful.
Usage examples: successful entrepreneur, successful sportsman; lucky hunt.
Successful- 1) ended in success, good luck, 2) good, meeting the requirements.
Usage examples: successful business, successful operation; good film, performance, good role, good words.
Mention - reminder
Mention- words relating to someone, not said on purpose, but in passing.
Usage examples: mention of the actor, mention by the way, relevant mention, mentions in the press.
Reminder words to remind.
Usage examples: important reminder, appointment reminder, agreement reminder, self reminder, birthday reminder, computer reminder.
get old - get old - grow old
become obsolete to become old and out of use or out of fashion.
Usage examples: views are outdated, working methods are outdated, classics will never be outdated.
Grow old- 1) get older, grow old, 2) stop being relevant.
Usage examples: mother grew old (became old); the book is old; artistic techniques have grown old.
grow old- 1) get older, change due to age, 2) change physical properties.
Usage examples: the mother has aged (became older), the rubber has aged, the metal has aged.
royal - regal - reigning
Royal- 1) associated with the monarchical form of government, 2) related to the king, 3) like a king or worthy of a king.
Usage examples: tsarist regime, tsarist autocracy; royal place, royal tomb; royal gift, royal palace.
Regal- 1) relating to the king, 2) majestic, majestic.
Usage examples: regal appearance, regal gait, regal posture
Reigning- 1) the one who reigns, participle from the verb to reign, 2) dominating, dominating.
Usage examples: reigning dynasty, reigning surname; reigning orders, reigning views.
whole - whole - whole
Holistic- representing wholeness, unity.
Usage examples: holistic meaning, holistic system, holistic research.
Whole- 1) complete, 2) important, real, 3) having unity, 4) unharmed.
Usage examples: whole piece; whole day, year; a whole drama, a whole tragedy; the whole is better seen at a distance; whole cup; whole and unharmed.
Whole- not composite, made from a single piece.
Usage examples: from a single piece of marble, a single impression, a single character.
central - centralized - centrist
Central- 1) located in the center, 2) main, main, important.
Usage examples: central point, central square, central district; central committee, central telegraph, central question, central role.
Centralized centered, emanating from the centre.
Usage examples: centralized power, centralized supply, centralized distribution.
centrist- occupying a centrist position (worldview between revolutionary and evolutionary).
Usage examples: centrist ideology, politics, centrist beliefs, centrist parties.
Efficient - spectacular
Effective- effective, leading to the desired results.
Usage examples: effective method, way; effective solution; effective methods and methods.
Spectacular- impressing.
Usage examples: spectacular woman, spectacular costumes, spectacular picture, spectacular gesture, spectacular pose, spectacular performance.
Efficiency - efficiency
Effectiveness- a noun from the adjective spectacular, the property to impress.
Usage examples: with strive for showiness, showiness of behavior, external showiness.
Efficiency- Efficiency, efficiency.
Usage examples: reasons for the lack of efficiency, effectiveness of impact, efficiency of implementation of the discovery, efficiency of absorption of funds.
lingual - lingual - lingual
Language- pertaining to language.
Usage examples: language abilities, language flair, language university, language specialty, language phenomena.
language- made from tongue.
Usage examples: tongue sausage, canned tongue, tongue aspic.
Lingual- 1) adjective from the noun language (organ of speech), 2) part of compound words
Usage examples: lingual consonants, lingual nerve; multilingual, bilingual dictionary, Russian site.
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FULL analysis of task 5 FOR exam-2018
In Russian
Test your strength: solve without delving into the theory!
Task Formulation:
WRONG chosen word.
1. Malyuta Skuratov, the favorite guardsman of Ivan the Terrible, was distinguished by a sharp mind, cruelty and PREDATORY glitter of eyes.
2. ICE the palace, built on the orders of Anna Ioannovna in St. Petersburg, became the venue for the clownish wedding.
3. In The Tale of Bygone Years, Nestor describes UNSUCCESSFUL 1185 campaign of Prince Igor against the Polovtsy.
4. Mitrofan, the main character of Fonvizin's comedy "Undergrowth", ¾ a classic example Ignorant in Russian literature
5. In 1957 the first ARTIFICIAL the satellite of the Earth, invented by Korolev, was launched into space.
Check yourself: find out the right one
the answer is on the next page!
| X | And | SCH | H | S | M |
*Explanation: predatory ¾ greedy exploiting others (about a person): predatory eye gleam, predatory official;
Predatory ¾ oppressive, robbing someone: predatory habits, predatory tendencies.
What is the secret to success in problem 5?
1. It is important to remember that paronyms¾ are words similar in sound, but having different lexical meaning: addresser ¾ addressee, put on ¾ put on, etc..
2. Members of paronymic pairs are in different words.
* For example, you need to determine in what meaning in a sentence instead of a word ETERNAL need to use CENTURY?
1) Petya Trofimov was called " ETERNAL student."
2) ETERNAL oak struck us with its beauty and grandeur.
3) Documents were prepared for archiving for ETERNAL storage.
4) Compassion and humanity are ETERNAL life values.
How to learn to distinguish paronyms?
1) Need formulate lexical meaning of each word, find synonyms:
· century ¾ living, existing for centuries, very long;
· Eternal ¾ endless in time, without beginning or end.
2) Compose with these paronyms phrases so that there is no doubt about the choice of the word:
· Age-old oak (oak living age), secular traditions (traditions that have been around for a very long time)
· Eternal values (unchanged), eternal student (constant), eternal storage (perpetual)
! Necessarily read information from "dictionary of paronyms" to be fully equipped for the exam !
THE MOST COMPLETE dictionary of paronyms for the exam
Be sure to remember a couple of the most popular paronyms!
Now try to solve problem number 5 again!
Task Formulation:
One of the suggestions below WRONG highlighted word is used. Correct the lexical error by choosing a paronym for the highlighted word. write down chosen word.
Task number 1.
1. Flooding from jam-type floods, which depend little on the water level of the year, should be EXPECT in April and May.
2. There is a proven method for cleaning short pile fur: dirty fur should be wiped with hot mashed potatoes, and then carefully shake off.
3. The greatest misunderstanding of Moscow SUBSCRIPTIONS causes the need to pay a subscription fee for the use of the line.
4. The new company was registered under beautiful, SOUND name.
5. Under it HARD everything looked out of place.
Task number 2.
1. To prepare a marinade for fish baked in coals, you need SHAKE OFF seeds from four to five cardamom pods, add a pinch of saffron and grind them in a mortar and salt.
2. The girl with a sharp movement threw back her bangs from her forehead and unexpectedly calmly and CONFIDENTLY looked Alexis in the eye.
3. ISSUE skates are made if the visitor of the rink has a passport or any other document that can be left as a pledge.
4. Analysts say that in the coming year, the securities market can EXPECT significant changes.
5. CHOOSE one direction or another, navigate strictly by compass.
Check yourself!
One philologist girl once refused a date with a guy who said: “Tomorrow, put on your best dress.” It seems that the young man did not say anything criminal, but the mistake turned out to be fatal. Say the young man “put it on”, everything would work out in the best way. Unfortunately, many people cannot use certain words correctly.
The words “put on” and “put on” are paronyms, it is precisely such lexical traps that lie in wait for us at every step. These words are often similar in sound, this leads to confusion - confusion, which happened in our example. To avoid mistakes in speech, we will talk about what paronyms are and how they are used in Russian.
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Meaning
Paronyms are single-root words that are similar in sound, phonetically synchronous, differing in lexical meaning. The term came from the Greek language, literally it means adjacency (similarity) of names. Twin words outwardly can differ only in one or two signs, sounds. With all the “sameness”, the difference in meanings can be cardinal and insignificant. Paronyms form pairs, which are called "paronymic". Constructions containing more than two paronyms form rows.
In Russian, there are dictionaries with explanations of paronyms as independent lexical forms, they contain more than a thousand rows . Online services on the Internet also provide an opportunity to get examples and descriptions of paronyms as parts of speech, get advice on the use of words - paronyms in speech. This is necessary for those who are inclined to confuse a student with a diplomat. Any dictionary will help to avoid such confusion (confusion), as well as teach you how to use words and phrases correctly.
In quantitative terms, most of the paronyms are nouns, adjectives are slightly less common, and, in descending order, verbs and adverbs.
Nouns
In Russian speech, nouns are the most paronymic. Let's look at some interesting examples.
Adjectives
Examples of adjectives - paronyms. There are fewer of them, but they are often used in speech. Examples: supreme - supreme, harmonic - harmonious, long - long, businesslike - businesslike. Consider the example of a pair of long - long. Long - this word belongs to the category of measure of length, describes the visual perception of the dimension of something (someone). "Long pole", "long rope", "long torso" - these examples are the most obvious.
Long. This word-definition refers to the category of time. Long vacation, long walk, long journey. And by no means a "long ride!"
Verbs and adverbs
Verbs and adverbs are used less often and their number is less. Let's bring a few examples. Activate - activate, drive - beat, rude - rude, dare - dare. When the meaning of one word is far from another, there are fewer mistakes in speech. Even the most uneducated person will not be able to say "beat a nail in the hay" instead of "drive a nail into the wall."
Annoying - annoying, satisfying - full, lucky - successful. These examples are more complicated and require explanation. Words are close in lexical meaning, confusion is possible. Their use must be careful. Annoyingly - a mimic or gesture image of emotion. Annoyingly wrinkle your nose, annoyingly spread your arms, that is, portray an emotion. Annoyingly - a deep, emotional experience, without the obligatory external expression. For yourself, you need to be able to quickly determine the meaning of the word.
Satisfying - satisfying to eat, then now, in the present tense, experience satiety. Full - a full life, full to live, means to be provided for for a long time (it does not necessarily mean food).
Division by morphological feature
Morphologically, paronyms fall into three categories:
- Formed by suffixes (suffixes). Basically, these are adjectives: spectator, visual, offensive, touchy, etc.
- Formed by attaching prefixes to the root. Examples: turn - turn, circle - take away, pour - roll back and others.
- Having different roots, but consonant: ice cream - frosty. But their use is rarely wrong.
Lexical division
According to the semantics of paronyms, there are also three types of paronyms.
- Paronyms in pairs and rows line up randomly, due to the mere similarity in pronunciation. They have different roots and do not coincide in meaning: an excavator is an escalator. These are root paronyms. Their use is easy without mixing, since the meaning of these words is obviously different.
- They have a common root, but suffixes, prefixes do not match. Such paronyms are called affixal. For example: economic - economical.
- Etymological. These words line up in pairs and rows of paronyms according to their origin, confusion of meanings, and they are taken from different languages: single - ordinary.
The use of paronyms must be literate. You can’t “put on” a dress, you can “put on” it. And, in general, we only put on ourselves! This applies to any clothing and to all inanimate things (ring, necklace, chain). But we dress someone else (animate objects). Examples: “I will dress the child warmly”, “dress yourself in the latest fashion”. Mixing paronyms leads to lexical errors in speech.
Therefore, when trying to insult the person who nudged you and did not apologize, consider which word is better to choose: “ignorant” or “ignorant”. The use of any word should be meaningful, but it is better if it is aimed at reconciliation. You can also refuse paronyms, saying: "Sir, you are wrong, but this time I forgive you."
Paronyms are well illustrated in the statements of great people. For example, Dmitri Shostakovich distinguished between people who can listen to music and those who can hear it. Marina Tsvetaeva also has a similar statement. The great classic of Russian literature Alexander Griboedov in his creation "Woe from Wit" wrote the famous phrase about the fact that serving is a joyful thing, but serving is nauseating.
