Natural ventilation in the house. DIY ventilation device in a private house
The importance of air exchange in living quarters leaves no doubt. High-quality ventilation is the key to maintaining family health. But ventilation is not only a requirement for humans. Its task, as one of the main engineering systems, while maintaining a normal microclimate, is to prevent the gradual destruction of structural elements of the structure. Mold, high humidity, "crying" windows, fumes have a negative effect not only on human health, but also on things and objects in the house.
Features of ventilation in a private house
The ventilation system of modern private housing construction faces completely different tasks than in houses built at the end of the last century. So, for example, the amenities were "in the yard", food preparation - in summer kitchen, cellar and garage - separate premises, laundry was dried outside. The house itself is one-storey, its footage ranged from 60-100 sq. m, with a shallow foundation. For construction, bricks, cement, sand, clay, wood and slate were used. The houses were heated mainly by a stove. The chimney replaced the hood. Wooden window frames and the doors naturally aided the intake of air.
Factors impeding proper ventilation in modern private houses:
- The houses are a comfortable residential complex in which the living area is adjacent to a kitchen, sanitary rooms, sometimes a swimming pool, a gym, and often a garage (a source of toxic substances).
- The stoves disappeared, and with them the main ventilation duct.
- Drying the laundry in the house resulted in intense fumes.
- Sealed structures and materials are used: metal-plastic windows, doors with seals, polyurethane foam, sealants, adhesives, external and internal finishing materials.
- Refusal of an unheated attic space in favor of an attic floor.
- The shape of the roof without a ridge is flat.
- Deepening the foundation to the depth of soil freezing, which increased the accumulation of harmful radon gas in the structures of the house.
- The increase in the number of storeys led to a violation of the correct air circulation.
Considering all these factors, proper ventilation should minimize their negative impact. For each country house its own system is being built, correlating with the wishes of the consumer, his financial capabilities.
Types of ventilation systems
Ventilation schemes in a private house have three options for arrangement:
- Natural - fresh air flows into the room through cracks, windows, doors. Saturated with carbon dioxide - come out through vents in sanitary rooms (toilet, bathroom) and in the kitchen.
- Forced - all air exchange processes are performed by specialized equipment.
- Mixed - one of the natural directions of air (inflow or intake) is replaced by a mechanical one.
Natural ventilation is based on the difference in temperature and pressure between the outside and the room. Hence the disadvantage - stable operation is possible during the cold season and when the temperature inside the building is higher than the outside. In addition, for its functioning, air must constantly and freely flow in and out.
Forced ventilation in a private house is divided into: type-setting, consisting of individual components and monoblock, in which all the elements are structurally assembled into one block. The disadvantages are the high price, the complexity of installation, for typesetting - the need for calculations, cumbersome.
Ventilation equipment in a private house is different for each type. So, natural ventilation equipped only with ventilation boxes and pipes.
For forced ventilation apply:
- fans;
- filters;
- ionizers;
- electric air heaters;
- dehumidifiers;
- recuperators.
Forced ventilation in the house is prompted by such devices:
- wall valve;
- infiltration valve;
- supply unit.
For the operation of the exhaust, fans are mainly used with different design solutions - axial, duct. Often, with their help, it is possible to solve the problem of “sluggish” intake of moist and exhaust air in the bathroom and toilet rooms.
DIY ventilation device in a private house
Step number 1 Calculations
To find out the power of the system, a parameter such as air exchange is calculated. It is calculated for each room separately according to the formula:
V is the volume of the room (cubic meters), calculated by multiplying the width, length and height of the room;
K - approved by SNiP 41-01-2003 norms of minimum air exchange in rooms (cubic m / h). For residential areas - 30, separate sanitary rooms - 25, combined - 50, kitchens - 60-90.
Also, in the calculations of the ventilation system of a private house, other indicators are taken into account:
- The number of people who are constantly in the house. One requires 30 cubic meters. m / h of air.
- The thickness of the walls of the premises.
- The number of household and computer equipment.
- Glazing area.
- The location of the building relative to the cardinal points.
- Presence (absence) of the prevailing wind in this area.
- The presence in the structure of the pool. It is recommended to carry out a separate system for it.
Step 2 Natural ventilation: improvement of parameters
Natural ventilation in a private house does not always cope with its task of maintaining the specified temperature and humidity parameters. Then, it is desirable to "modify" the system.
Window supply valves will help with this. They will not depressurize the window, but create an influx of fresh air. Their installation is elementary, following the instructions, even a completely ignorant person can cope with it. The principle is that an elongated device (350 mm) is mounted on the top of the sash. From this place, the standard seal is cut off and installed from the delivery set (narrower).
A few more devices that improve air circulation. In order not to block the flow of air, ventilation grilles are installed on all interior doors. The process of mixing the cold air of the window and the warm radiator must not be “covered” by a too wide window sill.
If during the construction of the house a natural ventilation system is designed, then the following nuances should be taken into account: the house should not have rooms without windows; a guarantee of good ventilation - the windows face all sides of the building (“blank” walls are excluded).
Important! Natural ventilation is not suitable for big houses... With the correct arrangement of structural elements, heating systems - it is ideal for one-story houses.
Step 3 Supply and exhaust ventilation systems
The supply ventilation device in a private house is solved using a wall ventilator. It is a telescopic or flexible pipe, on one side (outer) of which there is a decorative grill with a mosquito net (from midges and mosquitoes), on the other (inner) - a fan, a filter.
Supply ventilation in a private house, mounted in the wall in this way:
- With the help of appropriate equipment, a hole of the required diameter is punched.
- A pipe with insulation is inserted into it.
- The device itself is mounted on the glue solution, consisting of a fan, a filter, some models are equipped with an ionizer.
- Electrical connection.
- On the street side, a decorative cover is installed to prevent rain and snow from getting inside, on the inside there is a decorative grill.
Important! Since the intake of fresh air will significantly increase with the help of forced ventilation, make sure that its intake is timely and in the required volumes, otherwise drafts cannot be avoided. Therefore, it should not be installed in a bedroom or children's room. Optimal - kitchen, dining room.
The exhaust ventilation scheme in a private house, with a good natural inflow, can consist of fans installed in the premises of sanitary rooms, in the kitchen. The wall exhaust fan in the kitchen is installed in the same way as the supply fan. In the sanitary room, either axial or duct is mounted in the ventilation duct.
The hood in the kitchen above the stove will also be an additional exhaust duct. If the exhaust ventilation works more intensively than the supply ventilation, then the house will suffocate.
Step number 4 Ventilation in a private house with your own hands scheme
The most optimal ventilation option for a private house is a supply and exhaust ventilation with mechanical induction. Two types of its designs are used: type-setting and monoblock.
The ventilation scheme in a private house of a monoblock system looks like this:
- air from the street, through the supply air duct, enters the recuperator;
- is cleaned of harmful impurities of the atmosphere;
- heats up to the required temperature;
- further, through the air duct, it enters all rooms of the house;
- exhaust air enters the recuperator through the exhaust pipe;
- gives off its heat to the incoming cold air;
- from the recuperator, through the chimney into the atmosphere.
Do-it-yourself ventilation in a private house: some features
Delivery of air flows to all rooms and their removal into the atmosphere is carried out by an air pipeline network. Its components: air ducts, adapters, bends, tees. Characteristic features: cross-sectional area; the form; rigidity (rigid, flexible, semi-flexible). Adjustment of the flow rate is mandatory. If the permissible values \u200b\u200bare exceeded, a strong noise is generated. The material for the air supply network is galvanized steel or plastic.
Insulation material is selected at will, but not less than 10 mm thick. The inflow pipe from the outer grille to the heating section (recuperator) is insulated, and the exhaust hood is in the attic. Thermostats, hydrostats, pressure sensors are used as sensors.
For the correct operation of outdoor ventilation in a private house, you must comply with the requirements. First, the part of the chimney passing through the cold attic need to be insulated. Insulation is chosen to be moisture-proof. Secondly, the outgoing pipe must be 0.5 m higher than the ridge level. Thirdly, it is advisable to mount a deflector at the end of the pipe. It will improve the operation of the entire system by 15-20% by drawing in the exhaust air and passing it through special holes. In addition, it will protect the pipe from snow, rain, birds, debris, and in winter - from freezing.
If you decide to make ventilation with your own hands, remember that air ducts, ducts and other elements of the system should not be conspicuous. If the system is installed after finishing works, it will be almost impossible to hide them. Therefore, ventilation must be invested in design work. Installation of the system requires a commissioning behavior.
Comments:
- General rules for arranging ventilation in a private house
- What kind of ventilation to choose for a private house?
- Ventilation system design guide
- Step-by-step instructions for installing ventilation
If a person decides to build a house on his own, he, among other things, needs to figure out how to do it right. Due to mistakes at this stage, many unpleasant moments arise that interfere with a normal life and even simply being in the premises of a private house. With a strong desire, ventilation in a private house can be done with your own hands, saving money on the services of a third-party team and taking everything under your own sensitive control.
General rules for arranging ventilation in a private house
Before starting to independently equip the ventilation system of any room, you must first of all find out such parameters as air purity and the general condition environment at the construction site. Building and finishing materials play an important role in choosing a suitable ventilation scheme.
Regardless of whether expensive and exclusive materials are used or the most budgetary options, you cannot save on ventilation in a private house, because this is saving on your own comfort, health and safety.
Figure 1. Exhaust ventilation in the kitchen.
The process of ventilation device in a private house is based on the creation of special technological holes. Exhaust air will be discharged through some of the rooms, while fresh air from the street will be supplied through others.
The inlet, in accordance with the approved standards, must be made in outside houses at a distance of at least 2 m from its foundation. The same outlet through which the polluted air will leave is done on the roof. The chimney, in which all ventilation ducts converge, must be brought out at least 50 cm above the roof level.
Particular attention needs to be paid. In this room, we make a ventilation system with the obligatory arrangement of a built-in ventilation duct... Air will enter it through a special vent hole.
In the case of correct design, calculation and installation of ventilation in a private house, the bulk of the air will flow from all rooms into the kitchen and will be discharged outside. Therefore, special attention is usually paid to kitchen air ducts.
Figure 2. Supply and exhaust ventilation in the house.
One of the most important stages of the calculation is to determine the cross-sectional area of \u200b\u200bthe ventilation duct. It must be such that all waste is discharged to the street in a timely manner. After completion of all calculations, one or more channels are embedded inside the walls. Entrances are made from the side of the kitchen, from the side of the street - the weekend.
Stainless steel products are used as ventilation ducts. The surface of the channel must be smooth so that less soot, grease and other waste can settle on it. To protect the holes from dirt and various third-party objects, special grilles are put on them. In cold weather, an air heater should be installed next to the inlet.
In a private house, natural and forced ventilation can be done. Explore the features of both types and find the one that suits you best.
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What kind of ventilation to choose for a private house?
In a private house, natural supply ventilation shows itself best. Channels are mounted in window sills. You can also make such an option when the adjustable clearances will be built into the structure. plastic windows... Thanks to them, it will be possible to regulate the intensity of air exchange without losing the original characteristics of the window.
The outside air can hardly be called perfectly clean. Together with him in a private house dust and other small debris will be brought in. Heavy particles are deposited on floors and windowsills. To eliminate them, it is enough to periodically wet cleaning. Usually no special measures have to be taken to control pollution.
You can, of course, install filters, but in this case, the owner will have to take responsibility for periodically cleaning them from dirt and dust. If this is not done, the air will not be purified, but only more polluted. This is fraught with the spread of harmful microorganisms, dangerous both for the premises and everything that is in them, and for people living in a private house.
Before starting to make ventilation in a private house, prepare a set of necessary tools and materials. You will need the following:
- Corrugated pipes.
- Lumber.
- Lattices, valves and gate valves.
- Screwdriver.
- Measuring tape.
- Self-tapping screws.
- Corner.
- Drill.
- A hammer.
- Saw.
When performing this kind of work, you will need various design schemes. In fig. 1 you can see how natural ventilation works. An example is shown for the kitchen, but in other rooms everything can be done according to a similar principle.
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Ventilation system design guide
First, you need to choose the most optimal location for installing the ventilation system. Currently, many varieties of such systems have been developed, if you wish, you can order or make any of them yourself. Depending on their purpose and function, they are divided into supply and exhaust. Supply ventilation is responsible for forcing air into the premises, and exhaust ventilation is responsible for removing it.
Ventilation systems are divided into natural and forced. The natural ventilation scheme was shown earlier. As for forced systems, they include special devices responsible for air exchange. The forced ventilation diagram can be found in Fig. 2. For greater convenience, save and use the forced ventilation circuit as it is during operation.
Depending on the service area, ventilation systems divided into local or general exchange. The first type is most often used in apartments and private houses, the second is more suitable for industrial complexes of buildings, but it can be considered as an air exchange option for a private house if it has a relatively large area and many people live in it.
Find a place to install the system. In most cases, ventilation is arranged so that air is removed through the roof. Draw a plan to remove air from your home. First you need to determine the ventilation paths.
Select locations for holes and an exhaust fan if you intend to install one. It is important that the dimensions of the opening and the dimensions of the fan match. Make a template of the appropriate size in advance. It will save you time later.
Check the location of the wiring. It is important that it does not interfere with the arrangement of ventilation. Check if you can turn off the power yourself. If the system includes an exhaust fan, make sure that the cover for it is large enough to connect inside all wires.
Check the insulation quality of all systems. Any moments that seem insignificant to you can in fact significantly reduce the efficiency of air exchange.
If your lovingly built house does not have proper natural ventilation, do not be surprised if soon the children begin to suffer from allergy attacks, you will wake up in the morning with a weight all over your body, and fungus and mold will appear in the rooms.
In a house made of logs, there is no need to specially arrange ventilation - in such a house the walls themselves "breathe" through window openings, joints of logs, a chimney. But in a brick or stone house, everything is hermetically made and natural ventilation in the cottage is simply absent.
The essence of any type of ventilation consists in the constant exchange of indoor and outdoor air due to the difference in temperature and pressure. Most easy way ventilation - to ventilate the room by opening windows and doors, but this cannot be done in winter, and rooms that have no windows, for example, closets or bathrooms, cannot be ventilated in this way at all.
In a private house, ventilation has to be done independently. Many developers try to do this work with their own hands, but it is better not to take risks and invite a master, but to be his assistant yourself.
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In a private house, you need to install at least two hoods for effective natural ventilation of the premises. Most often they are made in the kitchen or bathroom. The hood system needs to be thought out in the process designing a house, because ventilation in a house is a complex system, you need to make the necessary drawings and calculations and you can't do without the help of a professional.
Natural ventilation in a private house requirements:
- Properly conducted ventilation should not cool the air in the premises in winter;
- A constant exchange of air with the street must be ensured;
- Fresh air must be supplied to all rooms;
- Polluted air from the kitchen, toilet or bathroom must be quickly removed;
- There should be no drafts in the house.
Ventilation in the house
If the house has already been built, it is simply impossible to integrate an effective ventilation system into it. It is necessary to carry out these works at the construction stage, which means that the ventilation system should already be in the project documentation.
First of all, ventilation ducts are built into the walls. These channels should have exits inside the premises, as well as exits to the outside. One of these exits will draw outside air into the house. It must be positioned at least two meters above the foundation, in any of the outer walls. The second exit will remove dirty air from the house. Usually it is located on the roof and all exhaust ducts are brought to it. The chimney should rise 0.5 meters above the roof of the house. If the house is large enough, there may be several such exhaust pipes.
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The ventilation ducts are made of non-corrosive metals with smooth walls and rectangular cross-section. The openings of the channels outside and inside the house are closed with a grill. It is also necessary to provide for an air heating system in the winter. For this, a heater is installed near the ventilation duct.
Thus, the natural ventilation of a private house with your own hands is absolutely real, does not require a lot of money and especially complicated engineering solutions, but it protects the health of family members, improves the comfort of living and protects the house from mold and excess moisture.
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