Shower floor in a frame house. Work execution algorithm. Preparing a wooden floor for waterproofing

03.08.2018

Waterproofing is designed to protect structures wooden house from the harmful effects of high humidity levels typical for the bathroom. Prolonged contact of wood with water and water vapor leads to the destruction of natural organic building materials.

From constant dampness, the structures of the floor, walls and ceiling of the bathroom that are not protected by waterproofing materials begin to rot over time, mold and an unpleasant musty smell appear. Correctly executed waterproofing of the bathroom in wooden house will save the structure from the listed problems. If you wish, you can grasp the essence of the issue, and, having dealt with the technology, do all the work on finishing the bathroom with your own hands.

Its thickness should not be less than 40 mm. Sliding seams are unlikely to be needed, since the length of wooden ceilings in the light between the walls does not exceed 6 m, and the area of \u200b\u200bthe bathroom is usually much less than 36 m. 2. The wires will serve mainly as reinforcement for shrinkage. They are less likely to strengthen the bend foundation. Then, however, you need to perform the appropriate static computation checks.

You should also pay attention to the distribution of the meshes in the screed cross-section. The rule of thumb is to fix the reinforcement so that above the timber ceiling beams, the mesh wires are at the top of the foundation and in the span at the bottom. It is also important to ensure an adequate steel coating of at least 15 mm.

The construction market offers a wide range of waterproofing materials. All products can be divided into several groups if classified according to the method of applying waterproofing.

Group # 1: painting

This group includes all types of mastics and emulsions produced on a polymer or bitumen basis. After applying these formulations, a stable waterproof surface is created.

Leaving time depends on the type of foundation, its speed or ability to dry quickly. It is worth checking the manufacturer's data sheet to find out what recommendations he gave in this regard. Due to the sensitivity of timber ceilings to vibrations and associated deformations, extreme care must be taken to seal any breaks in the substrate, especially expansion joints, as well as indirect expansion lines of associated welds. Insulation at expansion points and pipe passages is performed using all types of waterproofing accessories: tapes, inner and outer corners, rings.

It is necessary to apply paint waterproofing layer by layer, maintaining a certain time interval between approaches.

Group # 2: adhesive

This group includes roll or film materials produced on a bitumen or polymer basis. The materials are glued to a wooden surface using hot or cold mastic, applied in several layers.

When gluing the tapes, carefully shape them into the expansion joints by profiling the analogous Greek word Ω into a shape. This will ensure maximum durability and tightness of the waterproofing joint. A specific problem on wood floors can be the proper sealing of linear drains installed directly in the floor.

They allow filling the entire surface under the veneer and application in a thickness of 4-20 mm. The adhesive on white cement will not additionally cause skin discoloration on insensitive ones. Then you have to use the combination method, applying adhesive to the tile and backing. When applying a cement joint, be sure to take care at least 3 days after styling. It is also worth following the basic principles regarding the course of welds and their widths. Where there is an expansion joint in the floor lining, it must be repeated at the joint between the slabs and filled with a tension channel and a deformable mass.

One of the significant disadvantages of using glued waterproofing is the presence of seams between the canvases, into which moisture can penetrate.

The problem is solved by laying the canvases with an overlap, as well as by pouring the roll waterproofing with waterproof cement-based compounds, such as hot bitumen or pitch.

Before applying heated bitumen, sheet or roll waterproofing is covered with reinforced fiberglass.

The width of the weld should be determined by two criteria. Cladding thickness - the joint should not be narrower than ¾ of the tile thickness. The length of the longer side of the tile. The sequence and type of work described in this text related to the manufacture of ceramic cladding on a wooden ceiling does not exhaust all situations, because this type of construction allows a completely different molding. The implementation proposals presented include most of the typical solutions, but they are not recommendations for non-critical use in all buildings.

After the applied composition hardens, a seamless layer forms over the entire surface, which meets all the technological requirements of waterproofing.

Group # 3: impregnating

This group includes all impregnating materials that include water-repellent cement with the addition of crushed sand and chemicals.

The professionalism of the contractor requires careful analysis in all possible atypical cases.

And here we are talking about an environmentally friendly, wood-free structure that is environmentally friendly but not completely insulated. Yes, it's better than nothing, but the difference is small. And attention! The bad part is that we have now figured out her secret, but unfortunately we realized that most wooden housesbuilt and sold in Romania are fundamentally damaged because of this vapor barrier.

When applying such waterproofing, the surface of the wood is impregnated and made waterproof. This type of waterproofing is not recommended for residential use.

Of the listed groups, only the first two are suitable for waterproofing a bathroom in a wooden house.

Often they are combined, using mastic for waterproofing hard-to-reach places, and roll materials for flat surfaces.

What is the role of the vapor barrier?

The bad part is not using the barrier, but using it without a project and without a specialist study. This is all the more serious in metal frame houses, and more recently in containers. The role of the vapor barrier is to stop the condensation of water vapor outside the insulation. Its role is not, as is incorrectly explained everywhere, to stop the entry of moisture into the mineral wool and not destroy it.

Remember, rockwool doesn't breathe, try packing yourself in a 15cm rockwool blanket and die asphyxiation. In Romania, the myth spread that the best insulation is rock wool just because it breathes, but in reality it just leaves water vapor to pass through, which is why the idea of \u200b\u200bvapor barrier came about.

The wooden walls of the bathroom in the house are impregnated with a moisture-resistant compound, and a waterproofing layer is provided under the tiled floors

How to apply waterproofing material correctly?

Before applying waterproofing, the surface is cleaned and primed with deeply penetrating compounds.After the primer has dried, a layer of bituminous mastic is poured, with special attention paid to sealing the cracks present in the places where communications are laid, and smearing the corners.

In summer, external humidity is higher than internal humidity and, implicitly, pressure, so water vapor migrates from outside to inside. Therefore, they stop at this vapor barrier, which works in both directions, it is only a barrier. Romania has modern steam barriers that prevent external moisture from entering the interior.

Why is there more humidity in the summer? Because the water evaporates due to the high outside temperature, and in winter the humidity is very low, because the water is already condensed or freezes. What happens in winter? Water vapor occurs due to breathing and internal water, which, due to the difference in pressure inside and outside, migrates as vapor in the walls.

Remember, while the mastic is drying, you can not dust it. A day after the bituminous mastic has dried, the next layer of waterproofing is laid in the form of canvases cut to the size of the bathroom.

Their number is calculated taking into account the fact that they will overlap, going over each other by 10-15 cm.

It is recommended to make the floor in the bathroom lower than in the rest of the house. A small headroom will save the whole house from flooding in the event of a sudden emergency type of pipe breakage or leakage of the connection, breakage washing machine and other incidents.

To calculate vapor permeability, the coefficient of resistance to vapor permeability is also used - a coefficient that shows how many times a layer of material is less permeable than an air layer of the same thickness. Steam passes through the brick more strongly and usually condenses and remains there all winter, as well as in concrete. There are special vapor-permeable membranes that act as a winter barrier and become porous in summer, leaving external moisture to penetrate into the house, avoiding the dampness of cotton wool and wooden structures.

Does anyone use them, does anyone know about them? All of the above verses prove that it is absolutely necessary to have a thermal calculation showing where it condenses the water vapor that passes through the vapor barrier because it has never been completely sealed. These calculations should be included in any project, such as timber houses or houses with metal structures.

Waterproofing the floor will prevent water from entering the basement or the lower floor of the house. The water will stand until its level rises above the left stock.

Particular attention is paid to the so-called "wet" area, which includes, in addition to the floor, walls near the bathroom, shower, around the washbasin within a radius of 50 cm.

The ceiling in the bathroom is made suspended from moisture-resistant plasterboard or glossy PVC panels. Wooden structures, disguised behind the finishing, are primed and coated with mastics.

After all, do houses breathe or not?

Let's think for a moment, what is actually the problem that makes ventilation necessary? The story is that breathing walls are a misunderstanding, they do not breathe, they just carry moisture and so on. It would be very serious if the walls breathed, and in the house, to get into the air after passing through this glass, would bring glass fibers into the breathing air, right? Winter when the beating blizzard should be inside, right?

If he does not breathe, then ventilation is necessary, especially because the moisture that appears in the interior due to its use must come out, and it even comes out partially. In stone houses, water vapor accumulates in brick, gypsum, concrete, drywall, where it captures. Wooden houses with steam barriers build up in drywall and much more it doesn't have where it goes.

Scheme of mandatory places for applying waterproofing in a bathroom in a wooden house, taking into account the minimum distances around plumbing fixtures

Wooden floor waterproofing in detail

In wooden houses, as a rule, floors are also made of wood. Concrete screeds are not welcome, as they increase the load on the foundation of the house and are cold bridges through which heat escapes from the living space.

Steam migration is very simple for me, in an apartment in the city, in winter the humidity was about 30%, the vapors came out and condensed where they were caught, and the block was not isolated. Now that summer has come, the moisture is migrating inward and I have 50% moisture inside. Do your experiment at home and convince yourself.

We have identified two important issues. Calculations must be made and scientifically proven depending on the climatic zone in which the house is located, only what can decide what and how. Below the opinions of experts, they are the most famous American researchers in the field of building physics.

Therefore, in a wooden house, the floors are laid on logs, which are thoroughly impregnated with waterproofing materials.

Before starting the processing of the lag, the foundation is waterproofed by coating it with mastic or plastering with a special solution obtained from a mixture containing polymer additives.

A sub-floor is laid on the logs impregnated with an antiseptic, which is covered with roll waterproofing. Floor tiles are laid on top of this material.

When it comes to vapor retarders, what do the experts recommend? Here is a selection of statements from leading civil scientists on the issue of vapor retarders. In practice, it does not matter what the penetration of the vapor retarder is, because the air leak will pass around it to carry moisture. John Straube: The whole reason we talk about vapor barriers is not because vapor diffusion control is so important, but because people think it is so important. The question arises: have we seen the errors associated with diffusion?

And the answer is very little, maybe in rooms with a pool. Assuming the steam is coming from the inside, you have to have a very high load before you see the problem. Moisture comes from the other side of the assembly. Joseph Lstiburek: In North Carolina, for some reason, they build their walls with fiberglass insulation and poly on the inside. Depending on the cladding - brick and plaster are the worst - the walls rot like crazy.

The technology of laying roll waterproofing on the floor

One of the main factors influencing the choice of materials in modern construction and renovation is the speed of their installation. This can be achieved by:

reducing the intervals of interlayer laying;
reduction of intervals for performing related technological processes.

The self-adhesive bitumen-polymer film used for waterproofing the floor in the bathroom of a wooden house belongs to just such materials.

André Dejarly: We cannot assume that the envelope of the building is perfect. We have to accept some level of rejection: rain will hit the wall and there will be flaws in the air barrier. Achilles Karadzhiosis. This is all related to the steam control strategy, air tightness and the presence of a ventilation cavity behind the outer shell. If you have a vent behind the shell, it doesn't matter which vapor retarder strategy you use.

Bill Rose: There is no vapor barrier in the south. In the North, as long as you have insulated the shell that meets the dew point test, there is also no vapor barrier. And then where is the vapor barrier? It is a hungry thing, everyone expresses it, but nobody worries about it. If you read on American sites and they come to the same conclusion, the genre will allow them to be there, which doesn't hurt. But isn't it better if everyone is ready to use a controlled vapor diffusion membrane? It is definitely better than plastic wrap.

This option is also suitable for waterproofing floor slabs, bathrooms, rooms with wet technological processes, kitchens.

The film adheres perfectly not only to concrete bases, but also to wooden ones. Therefore, this roll material can be used for waterproofing horizontal and vertical surfaces in a wooden house.

The entire process from preparing the floor to applying ceramic tiles to it is carried out without interruption, that is, in one cycle. Waterproofing a bathroom floor can be done with this technology in one day.

Special attention should be paid to the preparation of the base, since the quality of laying the waterproofing membrane depends on this stage.

Schematic illustration of the installation of moisture-resistant floors and walls in a bathroom, arranged in a wooden private house, cottage or townhouse

Work execution algorithm

First, sweep or vacuum up all dust and dirt from the sub-floor to ensure good adhesion of the waterproofing film to the wooden base.
The next step will be the priming of the floor, during which a bitumen emulsion primer is applied to the entire surface with a roller, which does not have an unpleasant odor, since it is diluted with ordinary water, and not with a solvent. The primer is also applied to the walls along the perimeter of the bathroom, while the width of the strip is 20 cm. In the corners and places that are hard to reach for the roller, the primer is applied with a brush.
Check the degree of drying of the applied primer using a cotton pad, which is applied to the treated floor. If the cotton pad remains clean, the bitumen primer is dry. Note that the entire drying process at a 20-degree room temperature will take no more than 20 minutes.
After the primer has dried, they immediately start laying the waterproofing membrane, which can be used as a self-adhesive bitumen-polymer roll material. Its installation does not require the use of open fire, which is very important for wooden buildings. The material is easy to fit on its own; in exceptional cases, you can do with the help of your wife or mother-in-law.
Unrolling the roll, measure out a piece of the required length and cut it off with a sharp clerical knife, let the material rest a little. Then they twist the web from both ends to the center, cut the protective film, carefully remove it, spinning the roll in the opposite direction, while the material is firmly glued to the base.
Air bubbles are removed with a brush, which iron the laid canvas several times.
The next blade is overlapped, the width of which must be at least 100 mm. The overlap zone is treated with a primer or bitumen mastic. Carefully rolled with a heavy roller.
After applying the roll waterproofing to the horizontal surface of the floor, proceed to the processing of the walls adjacent to the floor. To do this, cut canvases 30-35 cm wide, of which 10 cm goes to the floor, and the rest to the wall. The film is cut at a distance of 10 cm from the edge. First, the waterproofing material is glued to a vertical surface, that is, to the wall, and then it is brought onto the floor, previously lubricated with a primer.
After the installation of the self-adhesive roll waterproofing is completed, the ceramic tiles are immediately laid on the floor.

Lubricating waterproofing: the optimal solution

To protect the surfaces of the floor and walls in the bathroom of a wooden house, water-repellent coating materials are ideal, produced in the form of various mastics:

Polymer-bituminous mastics are easy to apply and durable in use.
Polymer-cement mastics are able to form a strong layer of waterproofing film, one of the properties of which is a good degree of bending resistance.
Bituminous mastic belongs to the cheapest waterproofing coating materials with low quality, as they become brittle at subzero temperatures.
Bituminous rubber Mastic compositions have a higher plasticity, and therefore they are able to withstand those low temperatures at which ordinary bituminous mastics begin to collapse. Naturally, bitumen-rubber mastic is sold at a higher price.

Another scheme for waterproofing in a room with a high level of humidity, which includes a bathroom in a wooden house

Polymer-cement mastic consists of a powder containing moisture-proof binders and inert fillers. It also contains water-dispersive acrylic polymers.

After mixing all the components, a waterproofing material is obtained that has a high adhesion (adhesion) ability to any type of substrate.

Tip # 1:

If an additional reinforced mesh of fiberglass is laid between the layers of polymer-cement mastic, then the waterproofing will turn out to be even stronger and more reliable.

Tip # 2:

The seams of the abutment of vertical surfaces to horizontal planes must be reinforced with an elastic sealing tape.

Preparing a wooden floor for waterproofing

Before applying the coating waterproofing to the surface of a rough wooden floor, a number of preparatory measures are required in order to seal the cracks.

This will reduce the consumption of mastic, which will not seep through cracks, chips and crevices in the floor.

The subfloor must be cleaned of dirt, lay a crate of bars on it, insert insulation into the cells, which is better to use expanded polystyrene, which forms a hard and even surface after laying.

The joints between the expanded polystyrene plates and the joists should be sealed with a sealant. Instead of expanded polystyrene, mineral mats can be laid, but they will have to be covered with waterproof plywood.

Preparing a wooden subfloor in a private bathroom for the application of the selected waterproofing material

Coating waterproofing technology

Mix the liquid rubber with the activator and immediately apply the resulting compound to the floor using a roller. Use a brush to carefully coat the joints of the floor and walls.
Wait until the liquid rubber is completely dry, and then evaluate the quality of the resulting waterproofing. The surface of the film should be uniform and smooth to the touch. An additional second layer of waterproofing can be applied to achieve a final protective film thickness of about 2 mm.

Laying the finishing floor covering in the form of tiles directly on the waterproofing layer is not performed, since the tile adhesive does not adhere well to rubber compounds.

This drawback is corrected by pouring a thin concrete screed, reinforced with a reinforcing mesh.

Wash-type waterproofing applied to floors, adjacent walls, bathroom screen, areas near pipes of water supply and sewerage systems

Lubricating waterproofing is used to protect wooden and concrete surfaces... This method is suitable not only for finishing bathrooms, but also for repairing rooms with an even higher level of humidity.

Such objects include swimming pools, water parks, baths washing departments, etc. The undoubted advantage of the coating technology is the ease of installation of waterproofing, which is very important when decorating a bathroom in a wooden house with your own hands.

Mastics, which are flowable masses, are simply applied to the surface, leveled and dried for the time required for this process.

After drying, the waterproofing film acquires excellent water-repellent properties and becomes capable of stretching, followed by restoration of its original shape.

That is why coating waterproofing is considered the best solution for protecting a wooden floor in a bathroom.

Use of special tree species

In the bathroom, you do not need to cover the wooden floor with other materials.

In this case, for flooring, it is necessary to use special types of wood (teak, cork) or building materials that have undergone heat treatment during their manufacture.

Excellent waterproofing properties are characteristic of certain tree species. Wood treated in a special way acquires moisture-resistant qualities and the ability to maintain its original dimensions during the entire service life.

The cork flooring is resistant to constant exposure to moisture, while it is very decorative and durable.

Teak floors are prized for their high content essential oils, moisture resistance, durability, subject to the technology of laying floors and treating cracks with a sealant.

The walls of the bathroom, finished with a board, are covered with deck lacquer.

Wooden floors and decorative elements in the bathroom are made of thermally treated moisture-resistant wood with high waterproofing properties

Now you have a clear idea of \u200b\u200bthe process of waterproofing a bathroom in a wooden house and you can decide on the choice of how to carry it out. However, desire alone is not enough.

Still, it is better to entrust the finishing of the bathroom with all the accompanying processes to professionals, and to monitor the work itself with knowledge of the matter, albeit superficial.

Waterproofing of a bathroom, equipped in a wooden house, must be carried out for all surfaces: floor, ceiling, walls around the perimeter.

After soberly assessing your capabilities, consider hiring specialists from a trusted company that provides bathroom repair services.

Errors at the stage of waterproofing can render not only the bathroom room unusable, but also the house as a whole.

Bathroom and toilet in wooden frame house, as you know, require such work as waterproofing and high-quality finishing, which you can do with your own hands, so as not to overpay for the services of specialists. The walls of such rooms, especially in a wooden frame house, have their own characteristics: the bathroom requires not only high-quality waterproofing, but also vapor barrier.

Ceramic tiles are usually used to decorate a bathroom in a wooden house, although the options can be very different. The article will consider the question of how best to finish the walls in the bathroom of a wooden house, as well as how waterproofing and other important work is carried out in the bathroom.

Arrangement of a bathroom in a frame house

The main thing to consider when sheathing a bathroom or a bathroom, and the walls in a wooden house as a whole, are high-quality waterproofing. In the process of work, the following points must be taken into account:

The main thing that needs to be provided in the bathroom is high-quality waterproofing.

The best material for cladding the walls of the bathroom in a frame house, PVC panels are considered.

Ceiling device

The principle of arranging the ceiling in the bathroom of a wooden house practically does not differ from the arrangement of walls. The ceiling in the bathroom is equipped with the following technology:

Moisture resistant ipsokarton - ideal for bathroom ceilings

A vapor barrier membrane is attached to the ceiling beams (sometimes you can hear the term "vapor barrier" - this is the same thing);
Either strips are attached to the fixed vapor barrier membrane, or, as in the case of wall cladding, the same metal profile;
Using self-tapping screws to the installed metal profile (or slats), sheets of moisture-resistant drywall are fixed. If, in the case of wall cladding, it is recommended to use 2 layers of drywall at once, then one will be enough for the ceiling. However, the second layer will also not be superfluous, if there is enough drywall - you can make double cladding;
Since the second layer of moisture-resistant drywall is most often not mounted on the ceiling, the caps of the metal screws must be covered with a special sealant or mastic to avoid the appearance of corrosion on them;
After the screws have been treated with sealant. you can start lining the ceiling plastic panels... Here you can immediately tell about one nuance: if polyvinyl chloride (PVC) panels were used for wall cladding, then exactly the same material must be used for ceiling cladding. The only exception to this rule is if ceramic tiles were used for wall decoration. It is clear that it will be impossible to mount ceramic tiles on the bathroom ceiling. In this case, you can use suspended ceilings that imitate real ceramic tiles with their pattern and texture. By the way, the above-described crate is just suitable for suspended tiled ceilings, it is impossible to make it any other, complicating the whole structure;
For wall decoration in the bathroom frame houses it is not recommended to use materials that are physically heavy. Frame panel houses have a relatively light construction. Finishing, waterproofing should not involve the use of heavy materials. For example, if wall decoration will be carried out natural stone (or wooden shingles, for example), this will significantly increase the load on the building as a whole.

Self-tapping screws do not need to be treated with sealant if moisture-resistant drywall is laid in 2 layers.

In general, we can conclude that the walls are finished in almost the same way as the ceiling. A bathroom in a frame house will not be any exception here.

Scheme of a slatted ceiling for a bathroom

Floor installation

It should be noted right away that the floor in the frame house located in the bathroom will receive the greatest load, especially if the bathroom is not on the first, but on the second floor.

It is for this reason that waterproofing and flooring must be done best. First of all, chipboards are laid on top of the subfloor (their marking of great importance does not). They have a fairly high density, are durable and resistant to high humidity.

Diagram of a water floor for a bathroom

A waterproofing film is laid on the chipboard. And already on top of the film is a cement screed. I must say that without a cement screed, the floor in panel houses cannot be used, otherwise it will simply rot (I mean the bathroom and toilet, and not all the rooms at once).

At this stage of work, the following nuances must be taken into account:

Linoleum is increasingly used as a floor covering for bathrooms in frame houses.

It is allowed not to use the screed if the bathroom is on the second floor. In this case, the best option is laying on a rough floor. oSB boards, on top of which a waterproofing and vapor barrier film is mounted. And it is already possible to mount PVC panels or any other decorative coating on the film. The only thing that should not be done is to lay tiles on the floor of the second floor. It weighs quite a lot, which will significantly increase the load on the floor of an unstable panel frame house;
For heating a bathroom in a frame house, it is recommended to use a "warm floor" system, not electric, but water. Why should you prefer a water "warm floor"? Elementary for the sake of ensuring safety, because in a wooden house there should be a minimum of electrical communications in general. A panel house from a short circuit can flare up just like a match - and nothing will help then;
When installing a warm floor, you cannot use any insulation, but only one that is made on a foil basis. Foil-based insulation will, as it were, reflect heat, the efficiency of the warm floor in this case will be significantly increased;
If linoleum is laid in the bathroom (often the floor is finished and it is carried out), then it should not be cut strictly along the perimeter of the floor, but with some (5-10 centimeters) overlap on the walls. This will avoid water leakage onto the floors of the timber frame house.

If the bathroom is on the second floor, then it is not recommended to make a cement screed there due to its heavy weight.