Decorative fireproof panels for ovens. Refractory oven plates

26.05.2018

When creating stoves and other heating structures, to protect the surrounding objects, you need sheet materials... This is due to the strong heating of the combustion chambers. To exclude fires from various composites, sheathing of stoves and fireplaces is made. Also, the cladding has an aesthetic appearance. For example, the minerite refractory plate is used for cladding various heating structures.

Types of materials

Some of the most sought-after materials used for exterior decoration various furnaces are metal and asbestos. Asbestos sheets are able to withstand prolonged heating. In this case, the temperature can rise to +500 degrees. Such materials poorly conduct heat, which has a positive effect on the safety level of the oven. They are also highly durable. They are used in the construction of heat-resistant walls.

Important! Steel plates are usually placed in front of sauna oven doors.

Protective screens made of steel sheets are more often used for combustion units when insulating the side walls. They are installed 5 cm from the heating equipment. Due to this, its thermal radiation is reduced.

This increases the safety level of heating devices. Installing protective screens is quite simple. They are mounted on special legs.

Fire-resistant claddings are heat-reflecting elements that are equipped with a tight fit of the building wall to the side of the heating device. Thus, the surrounding space of the apartment is protected from heat and fire. Fireclay slabs are fire-resistant materials made from a special powder.

Reflective sheathing

Quite often, to protect various objects from heating, sheathing is used, which consists of non-combustible heat-insulating composites and refractory sheets. Fire-resistant materials are installed on top of the thermal insulation layer. For such cladding, it is better to choose stainless steel. Galvanized models release hazardous substances when heated.

To increase the effectiveness of protection, the stainless steel sheet is polished to a mirror finish. So the heat rays will be reflected from the metal. At the same time, the wall heats up noticeably less.

Many manufacturers offer a range of OLMs for oven sheathing:

asbestos cardboard, which has established itself as a strong and durable material;
basalt cardboardproviding not only good heat, but also sound insulation;
minerite - this material is also widely used to create protective screens.

There are other materials for cladding, which, in addition to protective ones, also have decorative properties. For example, fireclay slabs are in demand for facing furnaces.

Sheathing with cladding

For creating attractive appearance furnace equipment use various materials with decorative properties. Among them are:

glass-magnesium sheet - it is made of fiberglass;
minerite - it is also characterized by increased moisture resistance;
fireproof drywall - it retains its properties even under strong heating.

Such materials provide sufficient protection for objects in the immediate vicinity of the heating device.

There are also several other types of refractory boards. The most popular are terracotta tiles... This material is made from baked clay. The products are quite durable and also have high heat resistance. Terracotta tiles come in a variety of colors.

Another interesting option for lining the furnace is clinker refractory plates... Outwardly, they resemble facing bricks. They are also made from clay. Clinker tiles are characterized by high density.

Porcelain stoneware is also often used for cladding ovens. Such tiles often imitate a natural stone. Color palette material includes all shades.

Vermiculite boards

Competent selection of material for covering the furnace should be carried out taking into account the type of heating structure. Vermiculite boards are considered the most effective. They are used for wall cladding, near which the heater is located. They have many advantages that can be attributed to fireclay slabs.

Vermiculite boards have a number of advantages:

high environmental friendliness;
excellent sound insulation;
high thermal stability;
fire resistance;
aesthetic appearance.

Such plates are used for different tasks... This is due to the presence of a large number of useful properties of such a material. Applications:

thermal insulation for stoves and fireplaces;
for fire protection;
to increase the fire resistance of various objects located in a room with a heating device.

Vermiculite boards are simple and easy to install. Such work does not require professional training. They can decorate the oven from different sides. The use of such materials is an effective solution for decorating ovens.

All models of fireclay slabs are modern high quality products. In addition to fire protection, they are able to give the heating device strength, as well as protect it from chemical influences.

Along with vermiculite boards, Supersil products are increasingly used today. They are made from silica. Covers are used for thermal insulation of any furnaces. The high performance properties of the material are due to the fact that it was originally developed by the Ministry of Defense.

Plates can withstand temperatures up to 1200 degrees. The thickness of the plates is 0.6 cm. For some time the material was used in testing spacecraft. One of the main advantages of the material is its elasticity. This property makes it possible to cover surfaces of different shapes.

Flam Slabs

Flam refractory boards are made of fiber cement. They are highly fire resistant. They are used for shielding stoves and fireplaces, as well as various heating equipment. The products are in demand for the construction of fire-resistant partitions in those rooms for which high fire safety requirements are imposed.

Plates of this brand also have high impact resistance. They are not affected by moisture, and are also resistant to fungi and mold. Flam plates do not emit harmful substances into the atmosphere. They can also be dyed.

The protective sheathing must be carried out with the obligatory observance of the ventilation gap. Due to this, the wall does not heat up. In addition, through the use of cladding, it is possible to mask the protective layer, as well as to make the cladding in the style of the room.

Fireclay plates are quite often used in the arrangement of speeches and fireplaces. They serve as excellent protection against high temperature exposure.

Thanks to its natural components, Superisol is resistant to temperatures of 1000-1200 ° C. It is used as an insulating element in fireplaces and inserts. It is used for cladding for chimneys, beams, side and rear walls in places where sources of high temperatures are installed.

Superisol does not emit unpleasant odors when heated and does not change its structure. It is porous, smooth, easy to process and adheres to surfaces using ISOL GLUE glue, screws or the system connections G-K... It is produced in the form of light gray slabs 25-80 mm thick, 610-1200 mm wide and 1000-2440 mm long.

Minerite

This is another non-combustible material. withstands temperatures of 150 ° C. It copes well with its thermal insulation function and is used for the following purposes:

protection of walls in baths from high infrared radiation of stoves;
creation of fire-resistant partitions, walls, ceilings, etc.;
arrangement of hoods and ventilation there.

The composition of white or gray cement minerite, which contains 90% of the total mass, includes mineral fillers: mica, limestone and cellulose fibers. This set of components provides the material with hardness, hydrophobicity and mold resistance.

There is no asbestos in the boards of the EU countries. This speaks of their harmlessness. All of them belong to the M1 class, which indicates the safety of products. Plates are produced in standard sizes with a thickness of 8-10 mm with various colors. They cut well and are easy to attach.

GRENA-ISOL

This is the name given to the fire-resistant material of the Czech company Grena. The products are vermiculite insulating panels. It is based on layered silicates, which, upon heat treatment and pressing, acquire the following unique properties:

heat resistance up to 1250 ° С;
environmental friendliness;
strength;
durability.

All these qualities make them the most demanded in relation to similar types of products. Thin, strong and heat-resistant, the panels are used in the manufacture of fireplaces as a body material, as well as in the insulation of walls and chimneys. The panels are easy to handle and attach to the surface.

Nichiha

The thermal protective decorative board of the Japanese company Nichiha can be characterized as follows. It is intended for wall cladding in baths. The slabs have an embossed surface and are marketed with dimensions 1000 x 443 x 14 mm.

The material from which they are made is fiber cement. The basis of the product is a special fiber coated with durable ceramics that are resistant to high temperatures. The material does not contain asbestos, therefore it is absolutely harmless. All of its qualities are confirmed by the relevant sanitary standards and certificates. The tiles are hydrophobic, do not change color and are very practical.

If the walls of your bath or room with a fireplace need protection from high temperatures, you will hardly find better material samples than those listed here. Feel free to use any. Their quality is undeniable, and the recommendations are true.

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Non-combustible interior panels are ideal for homeowners who prefer to approach interior design not only from aesthetics, but also from the point of view of maximum safety. On the construction market, such materials are presented in a fairly wide range of colors, shapes and sizes.

These types of panels are in perfect harmony with other finishing materials, so they can be used in the interior in various combinations. In addition, they are distinguished by their high practicality in operation and ease of maintenance, as they are durable and easy to wet clean. But in fire hazardous situations, in the event of overheating and the beginning of smoldering, this finishing material acts on self-extinguishing, preventing the fire from spreading through the premises.

Considering the issue of fireproof finishing, it is necessary to have an idea of \u200b\u200bthe criteria by which the flammability group of materials is determined. These estimated parameters include the following factors:

Ignition rate of materials and spread of fire.
The toxicity of substances released during combustion.
The ability to maintain a fire in an oxygen-free environment, that is, the ability to quickly extinguish the flame, stopping the access of oxygen to it.

Ideally, a good quality fire retardant material should score top marks on all three of these points. Many finishing boards used for interior decoration of the house, made of heat-resistant materials, can be safely attributed to non-combustible products. However, in the assortment of shops there are often panels designated as non-combustible. Therefore, further it is worth considering how to make a choice:

From the very name of non-combustible finishing material it becomes clear that panels should not be subject to destructive changes under the influence of open fire, sparks, various chemical reactions, and be able to withstand high heating temperatures. Under such extreme conditions, there should be no emission of gaseous by-products that pose a risk to human health.

Such plates, in accordance with the regulatory documents GOST 30244-94 and SNIP 21-01-97, belong to the flammability group "NG", that is, non-combustible materials.

All other panels marked "G1", "G2", "G3" and "G4" are flammable finishing materials. The designation goes in ascending order of their vulnerability to fire. Materials from the last two groups in this series, "G3" and "G4", in fact, do not have any degree of security at all, that is, they are openly fire hazardous, and, according to the current standards, are unacceptable for interior decoration.
Moderately and low-flammable decorative plates can catch fire from an open flame or strong overheating, but the material used for their manufacture or covering does not support combustion and prevents the spread of fire, that is, in other words, they can be called self-extinguishing.

This group of finishing materials includes some fiberboard and chipboard, familiar to everyone under the abbreviations of fiberboard and chipboard. But this will be true only if flame retardant additives are included in the material of their manufacture, which prevent ignition and the spread of fire. The existing rules allow for moderately flammable ("G2") and slightly flammable ("G1") finishing materials for interior work.

You should not even consider purchasing those decorative panels, in the documents on which the marking of their flammability group is not at all affixed. Firstly, this largely speaks of the low responsibility of the manufacturer and the non-compliance of materials with standards. Surely, the quality of such products will also not be up to par. And secondly, the issues of ensuring fire safety - this is not the area where "initiative" is allowed, that is, it is necessary to have complete certainty in this matter.

The flammability of finishing boards depends primarily on the basis on which they are produced. So, facing decorative panels are made from inorganic and organic raw materials:

Organic types of backing include wood, which is used in the production of plywood, chipboard and fiberboard. Most of these products are flammable, but some of them contain flame retardants, which make the panels more resistant to fire, that is, capable of self-extinguishing. However, it should be noted that decorative products made from this raw material, even protected by special additives, can withstand high temperatures not infinitely, but only for a certain, and quite limited period. Therefore, if you do not stop the exposure to them with open fire in time, the material will surely catch fire.
Non-combustible panels are made from various inorganic mineral components of natural origin. The further presentation will be devoted to just such materials.

General information on non-combustible finishing panels

The main characteristics and advantages of non-combustible panels

Non-combustible finishing panels made of different materials have a fairly similar general characteristics... Therefore, in order not to repeat themselves in the future, it makes sense to consider them in advance.

So, such general advantages of this entire group of materials include the following features:

Due to the fact that the panels are made from inorganic raw materials, they are not susceptible to biological damage by mold and mildew.
All slabs, from whatever material they would be made, are easy to install on a frame crate or on a pre-prepared, aligned wall.
In the production of boards, raw materials are used that do not emit toxic fumes under any operating conditions, therefore they can be called environmentally friendly products.
The protective coating applied to non-combustible plates perfectly resists high humidity in the room, it lends itself perfectly to regular maintenance, including with the use of household detergents.
All finishing panels are produced in a wide variety of colors, which allows you to choose the best option that is most suitable for the interior design, conceived in a particular style.
Like all panel materials used for wall and ceiling decoration, their non-combustible varieties also perfectly hide all the flaws of the main wall, level its surface.
Non-combustible panels with an outer layer of decorative coating practically do not need additional finishing.
All types of non-combustible facing slabs have heat and sound insulating qualities. These parameters depend on the thickness of the main material of their manufacture, as well as on the thickness of the decorative and protective layer, which in some types of panels can be up to 1.5 mm and is applied on one or both sides of the plates.
During installation and finishing works, the premises generate a minimum amount of construction waste and dust. There are no "wet" processes at all
Most often, the decorative top layer, in order to avoid damage during transportation, is sealed with a protective film, which can be easily removed after installation is completed.

Non-combustible panels made of different materials can differ in both sheet sizes and thickness, which can vary from 3 to 50 mm. This is due to the fact that such materials can be used in a wide variety of areas of both the interior and exterior of a building, with different requirements for the surface strength of the cladding. For interior wall decoration, products with a thickness of 3 to 15 mm are most often used.

Main areas of application of non-combustible panels

For interior decoration, and in different areas of an apartment, house or premises of public buildings, almost all types of non-combustible panels are suitable, but besides this, some of them may well be used for facing facades. Typical use cases for internal works the following options can be attributed:

They are often used to decorate living rooms in apartments decorated in one of the directions. modern style "minimalism".
Such plates are excellent for use as "panels", that is, the lower, most exposed to external influences, areas of the walls of hallways, corridors and kitchens. However, nothing interferes with finishing the walls along the entire height.
Panels of this type will perfectly fit into the interior of children's rooms, especially since for this purpose you can choose bright, well-combined colors.

In residential environments, some non-combustible panels with a certain flexibility are used to decorate arched openings. In addition, any of the varieties of such materials is suitable not only for wall decoration, but also for the construction of lightweight frame partitions.
Niches, slopes of door and window openings are very often faced with these finishing materials - a practical and easy-to-install solution.
One of the "classic" application examples is the interior decoration of hotels, restaurants and offices. This is all the more important because in such institutions there are always increased requirements for ensuring fire safety both in the premises themselves and on the escape routes.

Non-combustible panels of small thickness are often used to create multi-level ceiling structures.
An interesting application - some varieties of this material are successfully used for the manufacture of individual parts of cabinet furniture.
Another area of \u200b\u200buse is cladding of non-standard interior elements, such as decorative fireplaces, podiums and others, which must be distinguished against the general background.

Varieties of non-combustible panels by material of manufacture

As already mentioned above, non-combustible materials are selected for panels of this type, which include gypsum, vermiculite, glass magnesite, silicate-calcium composition and others. To have an idea of \u200b\u200bwhat these products are, it is necessary to consider those of them that are most often used to decorate the interiors of living quarters.

Gypsum vinyl panels

Gypsum vinyl finishing panels or gypsum vinyl plus cardboard is a sheet product, the main part of which consists of a non-combustible gypsum layer. This carrier layer is lined on both sides with sheets of cardboard, and then its front side is also covered with a special protective and surface-decorating vinyl film.

The density of the general cardboard-vinyl layer of the gypsum board coating is about 250 ÷ 300 g / m². This layer has increased wear resistance, so the finishing material can be used even in rooms with a high intensity of movement of people and, therefore, a possible abrasive load.

Installation of this material on the walls is carried out using a special system metal profiles, some of which can also simultaneously serve as decorative elements in design decoration walls of the room.

One of the manufacturers presenting on the Russian market similar gypsum panels for interior decoration with the original vinyl covering "Durafort" is the Dutch company "BN International". The products of this brand are quite popular among professional finishers, as they have excellent operational and decorative characteristics.

Thanks to a reliable moisture-resistant coating with a thickness of 0.4 ÷ 0.47 mm, the plates are practically not subject to mechanical damage, abrasion, and may well be subjected to regular wet cleaning. In addition, such a panel coating withstands not only common detergents, but also such aggressive compounds as various acids, alkalis, gasoline and ammonia.

Vinyl gypsum boards can be produced with double-sided or single-sided coating. The first option is used for the construction of light thin decorative partitions. The second is used for wall cladding or the construction of a multi-layer structure partitioning off a room - with external decorative walls and an internal cavity, which is most often filled with sound and heat insulating materials. Basalt mineral wool is usually used as the inner layer.

Another important advantage of vinyl flooring is its antibacterial properties, as they eliminate the risk of mold colonies on the surface of the cladding.

This kind of material for decoration interior walls produced in the widest range, that is, the panels can have a smooth or textured surface, be made in various shading options, which ultimately allows you to choose suitable option for a specific interior solution.

Vinyl covering "Durafort" can simulate the pattern and color variety of natural materials on the surface of the slabs, such as leather, stone, wood, and the structure of fabrics or Venetian glass. The manufacturer guarantees the shelf life of the original decorative look their products for at least eight to ten years.

A few words must be said about the shortcomings of this finishing material, at least so that they do not come as a surprise when purchasing gypsum vinyl panels, during finishing work and during the further operation of the finished premises. These factors include:

- A fairly high price for this type of finishing material;

- Relative fragility, since if the rules of transportation or installation work are not followed, the plate may break;

- Gypsum vinyl panels of the specified manufacturer can have only two thicknesses: 12.5 mm, if there is a decorative layer coating on one side, and 13 mm, if it is applied on both sides of the plates;

“In addition, Durafort coated products are produced in only two sizes - 3000 × 1200 and 2500 × 1200 mm. However, it should be noted that the sizes of plates and other manufacturers also do not differ in particular variety. Therefore, if you are planning to decorate the wall with colored squares or rectangles, they will have to be cut out and adjusted to the crate yourself.

Now, knowing the areas of use of non-combustible gypsum vinyl panels for interior decoration and their main characteristics, it is necessary to clarify the points that limit their use or impose additional requirements for the work:

This type of stove is not recommended for use in rooms with a pronounced high humidity, such as basements, bathrooms or baths. Gypsum itself absorbs moisture very well, which can gradually damage the finish.
Almost always, when installing panels on the wall, they have to be cut to the desired size. In this case, the edge of the slabs must be protected by sealing and carefully covering it with masking tape.
When decorating the slopes of door and window openings with this material, it is imperative to use a waterproof and transparent adhesive to fasten them.

Magnesite glass panels (MSL)

Glass-magnesite or glass-magnesium sheets (plates) LSU are made from volcanic perlite and magnesium compounds, which are initially, by their nature, non-combustible.

Magnesite glass panel consists of several layers, the main of which is a plate of perlite and magnesium. Then a decorative layer of acrylic paint, and protective, consisting of a special varnish or plastic, that is, in fact, the material is laminated.

Several variants of glass-magnesite panels are made, differing from each other in some characteristics, depending on the layers of which they consist:

"Premium" with a one-sided decorative layer - wall panels measuring 2440 × 1220 mm, thickness 6, 8, 10 or 12 mm and weight, respectively, 18, 24, 30 and 37 kg, as well as ceiling panels 600 × 600, thickness 3 and 6 mm, weight 1.35 and 2.17 kg.

3 - protective paint and varnish coating.

This type of panel is produced in a wide range of shades and textured surfaces... Thanks to this, it becomes possible to implement any design solutions and achieve the desired effect of room decoration.

"SML-Premium" with double-sided fiberglass mesh reinforcement has the same dimensional parameters as the previous version. Such panels also have a one-sided paint coating, but have greater mechanical strength and flexibility due to the reinforcing mesh.

1 - glass-magnesite plate "SML-Premium";

2 - a special outer reinforcing layer based on magnesium oxide and chloride and special fillers;

3 - fiberglass reinforcing mesh;

4 - protective and decorative acrylic paintwork.

Premium boards with HPL plastic coated on both sides of the base. They also have a size of 2440 × 1220 mm, a plastic coating thickness of 0.8 mm and a weight, depending on the total sheet thickness - 31, 36 or 41 kg.

1 - glass-magnesite plate "SML-Premium";

2 - a layer of HPL-plastic with a decorative coating (on the front side of the material);

3 - protective laminating layer;

4 - adhesive compensation layer;

5 - protective HPL-plastic coating on the back of the sheet

Double-sided plastic coating expands the functionality of the panels and their application in different areas, as it makes the products more durable and avoids deformation processes of the base material with an increase in temperature and humidity. The laminated plastic coating is fire-resistant, inert to aggressive media, including chemical attack. This type of panels is highly environmentally friendly and surpasses in this parameter even other variants of the same premium class SL-boards.

Panels "Premium" with a painted decorative layer according to the "RAL" table. The size of sheets is 2440 × 1220 mm with a thickness of 3, 6, 8 or 10 mm and a weight of 11, 22, 28 and 34 kg, respectively.
Panels with imitation of a pattern of wood texture of various species with the following parameters: size 2440 × 1220 mm, thickness 3, 6, 8, 10 and 12 mm and weight 11, 22, 28, 34 and 41 kg. Panels with a monochrome relief surface have the same linear and weight parameters.

The main characteristic features of magnesite glass panels include the following qualities:

This type of material compares favorably with other non-combustible panels with an increased level of fire safety, since plates of this type can ignite only at temperatures exceeding 1000 degrees, which is comparable in heat resistance to concrete and steel.
Premium glass-magnesite boards, especially reinforced with fiberglass reinforcement, have good flexibility compared to gypsum-vinyl panels. They are able to withstand a bending stress of 10 ÷ 13 MPa, which makes it possible to use them for the design of arched openings and complex structures of multi-level suspended ceilings.
Unlike gypsum vinyl panels, magnesia glass plates have increased moisture resistance, and therefore can be safely used in rooms with any level of humidity, including both in basements and in bathrooms. This type of finishing material does not swell or exfoliate, and also does not lose its original qualities, so the rooms decorated with it do not lose their aesthetic appeal for a long time and do not need repair.
The advantages of glass-magnesite sheets include the fact that during operation this finish does not emit fine dust particles, which are dangerous for people with a predisposition to allergic reactions.

The area of \u200b\u200bapplication of these panels in construction is practically unlimited, since they are not only non-combustible, but also environmentally friendly material, and under any existing conditions do not emit fumes hazardous to humans or the environment. Therefore, they are widely used for wall decoration in both residential and public buildings.

These panels are perfect for facing the entrances of apartment buildings, as they have anti-vandal strength. They are difficult to scratch, they do not break upon impact and other mechanical influences, which is especially important for objects with high traffic intensity and a high probability of shock or abrasion.

In addition, the panels often have a glossy surface that is capable of enhancing illumination, which is also important for fairly dark staircase rooms.

SKL incombustible wall panels

Another option for a non-combustible finishing material are SKL panels - this abbreviation stands for "calcium silicate sheet". These slabs are made from minerals such as calcium silicate, cement, quartz, lime and cellulose fibers. All of these components are environmentally friendly materials that do not emit toxic substances when heated, as well as during the entire operation of the finish.

In addition to monolithic sheets, you can find perforated panels on sale, which are intended mainly for finishing the ceiling surface. However, some homeowners successfully use them for wall decoration.

Calcium silicate boards are divided into classes - these are "premium" and "standard", as well as perforated and solid, laminated or uncoated. The characteristics of the various species vary somewhat.

SKL "Premium"

This class of non-combustible slabs is used for both interior decoration and facade wall cladding. The panels have increased density, strength and moisture resistance, and as an end result - excellent durability. This quality is also facilitated by the reinforcement of the base layer with fiberglass mesh.

The standard dimensions of the "premium" class panels are 2440 × 1220 mm, and the thickness and corresponding mass of sheets of material are presented in the table:

Panel thickness, mm	Panel weight, kg	Specific weight of the panel, kg / m2
3	9,9	3,3
6	19,8	6,7
8	26,4	8,9
9	29,7	10,0
10	33,0	11,1
12	39,6	13,3
15	49,5	16,6
16	52,8	17,7
18	59,4	20,0
20	66,0	22,2

It should be borne in mind that small discrepancies in dimensional and weight parameters are quite acceptable, which can be: ± 0.2 mm in thickness, and ± 0.07 kg in weight.

Detailed technical and operational characteristics of premium class products and their hygiene certificate confirming compliance with all sanitary standards, as well as a quality certificate from the manufacturer, must be available from the seller of the goods.

The distinctive features of this finishing material, which you can check yourself, include the following signs:

The surface of the boards with a reliable protective coating has a high strength, therefore it should not be subject to mechanical damage, such as rinsing or scratching. You can test this in a store by applying pressure to the material and trying to scratch it. A similar experiment is usually carried out on samples that are displayed on display stands.
The obligatory presence of a perfectly smooth coating on one side of the sheet is checked, and its reverse, back side is usually rough. The material should be hard and not show signs of crumbling.

Calcium silicate slabs of the "premium" class during private construction can be used in various areas of work:

Finishing of attic and other building envelopes.
Decking for roofing material in rafter system - as a continuous lathing.
Construction of interior partitions.
Finishing of emergency exits and fire rooms.
Cladding of walls and ceilings in rooms with high humidity.
Arrangement of suspended ceilings of any complexity.
Finishing the slopes of door and window openings.
Installation of permanent formwork for the construction of foundation walls and basement.
Flooring as a basis for a further topcoat.

When carrying out installation work, the panels are cut in the same way as drywall, that is, along the front side of the plate, along the marking line, they are carried out with a sharp knife. Then the incision is aligned with the edge of the table and the protruding part of the surface is evenly pressed down. You can also cut the panels using an electric jigsaw or a hacksaw.

When fixing the panels to a wall or frame using self-tapping screws, it is recommended to pre-drill holes for them, otherwise the “premium” class sheet may crack, since it has a high density. The holes should be drilled with a victory drill or a crown drill if it is necessary to cut out a large window, for example, for an outlet or a switch.

Plates SKL "standard"

Panels "standard" can be immediately distinguished from the "premium" class, since their surface does not have a perfectly smooth surface, and the reinforcing mesh can even be applied directly to the surface on both sides.

The tensile strength and frost resistance of the "standard" panels is much lower, and the hygroscopicity is higher. Products are produced in light gray or beige color, emit a ringing sound when tapped on them, about the same as for slabs made of Portland cement. The dimensions of the panels are 2500 × 1250 mm, and the thickness is 6, 8.10 and 12 mm.

AT finishing works indoors, such material is practically not used.

Laminated panels SKL

Silicate-calcium boards with a laminated surface can have various decorative coatings that imitate metal, stone, leather, wood of different species, or simply painted in different colors according to the RAL scale. On top of the decorative layers, a protective glossy or matte film coating is applied to the boards, ensuring the durability of the finish.

Laminated boards are intended for both interior and exterior decoration, so we can safely say about them that their area of \u200b\u200bapplication is not much limited. This type of SKL, in addition to its special decorativeness, has all the above-mentioned positive characteristics of SKL-"premium", and are excellent for wall cladding in any residential, public or utility room.

Installation work for the installation of non-combustible finishing panels

All non-combustible panels are mounted on walls in two ways - with fixation to the frame, or with fixation directly to the surface, that is, using frame or frameless technology. To determine which installation option is best for a particular surface, it is advisable to familiarize yourself with both cladding methods.

Installation of panels on a frame structure

To create the frame and fix the panels on it, special steel or aluminum profiles are used to cover the joints and corner parts of the junction of the plates. Moreover, the outer profiles are painted with polymer compounds selected according to the RAL catalog, which allows you to ideally combine the color of the frame and the mounted plates, creating a surface completely protected from external influences.

The metal parts of the frame have standard sizes in length, which are 3000 mm for an aluminum profile, and 2500, 2700, 3000, 3300, 3600 mm for those made of galvanized steel.

To understand in what area and for what purpose this or that frame element is used, it is recommended that you familiarize yourself with the installation diagram presented for the sample and the table below. They show the main connectors used to install non-combustible finishing panels.

Profile design	Profile name and scope
	The PS profile is a common rack-mount profile, also used for drywall work. Creates the load-bearing base of the frame - it is these posts that are attached to the wall surface. The PS profile is completely hidden by the cladding, that is, its appearance does not matter - the usual galvanized version can be used.
	L-profile is intended for joining slabs at inner corners.
	The F-profile is used to neatly and evenly join the panels at the outer corners.

The peculiarity of the application for the installation of plates of these profiles is that the panels are not damaged when they are fixed, but are clamped between two profiles. The profiles themselves are attached to the guides of the frame, assembled from the PS profile, installed vertically or horizontally and fixed with self-tapping screws for metal. Due to the fact that the design is not only reliable, but also easily disassembled, access to all communications hidden behind the panels will always be ensured, since it will not be difficult to remove a panel fixed in this way.

Installation of the cladding structure is carried out in stages, in the following order:

The first step is to mark the wall for fixing the elements of the future structure, taking into account the width of the panels. A prerequisite is the presence of a PS profile exactly along the junction of adjacent panels.

Further, horizontal guide profiles are fixed to the wall with dowels to the ceiling and floor, as well as along the side walls. These profiles should define the future plane of the cladding.
After that, PS profiles are mounted in the ceiling and floor guide profile, perpendicular to them, that is, strictly vertically, which become the guides of the frame. They are installed with a step that is calculated depending on the planned width of the panel, and are fixed to the wall with dowels or using straight hangers - if an indent is needed, for example, for laying insulation or soundproofing material, or the wall has a curvature.
The next step is to degrease and dry the front parts of the PS profiles. After that, sections of double-sided construction tape with a length of 650 ÷ 700 mm are applied to them. They are glued with a step of 200 ÷ 250 mm.
Installation of profiles and non-combustible panels starts from the corner of the structure. Therefore, the L-profile is fixed to the PS-profile installed in the corner part of the frame using self-tapping screws. A decorative plate is inserted into it and pressed against the adhesive tape glued to the PS profile. It should be borne in mind that the distance between the floor and the bottom of the sheet should be at least 10 ÷ 20 mm. To maintain this clearance, it is best to put wooden blocks of the required thickness under the sheet.
Further, a profile for joining "omega" is superimposed on the installed and fixed plate, it is also first strictly vertically fixed on an adhesive tape, and then screwed to the PS profile with self-tapping screws in increments of 400 mm through the central channel.
After that, another finishing board is installed under the second "wing" of the "omega" profile and is also pressed against the tape of two PS profiles, fixed on the wall along the edges of the panel. Work continues in the same order until the entire wall is covered with cladding.
The next step, the channels of the "omega" -profiles, through which they were screwed to the frame, are closed with Pi-profiles (plugs).

The outer corners are formed with F-profiles, the inner ones with L-profiles. How they are installed can be clearly seen in the above installation diagram.

Frameless installation method for non-combustible panels

This technology of fixing the slabs can only be realized if the surface to be faced is perfectly leveled, since the slabs will be glued directly to the wall

The process of installing panels without using a frame is carried out in the following sequence:

First, the surface of the wall is cleaned of dust, primed and dried.
Further, if you plan to use the aluminum profiles discussed above to fix the panels, then the wall must be marked. It is taken into account that there must be a distance between the plates to install the “omega” docking profile, which in this case will be fixed to the wall, pressing the facing panels themselves against it. Otherwise, the installation follows the principles of frame technology.
If the plates will be joined together without additional fasteners, then construction double-sided tape is glued to the wall, or liquid nails are applied in strips. Adhesives are applied vertically, so that they fall on the edges of the boards, and in addition - horizontally with a step of 600 ÷ 700 mm.
Then, slabs are exposed and pressed against the prepared surface with the applied glue. It is necessary to leave a gap of 2 ÷ 3 mm between them, for thermal expansion of the material. In the future, it can be filled with putty in order to obtain an even cladding surface.

It is clear that most often this method of installation is used when slabs without decorative coating are selected. In principle, this is not even a finish in the direct sense of the word, but rather one of the preliminary stages of preparation for it, associated with leveling the wall surface. But on this non-combustible flat surface it is already possible to carry out any conceived finish.

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In conclusion, it should be noted that many owners of houses and apartments do not even assume the existence of non-combustible panels for interior decoration. And some of those who are aware of the availability of such products, for some reason, do not consider them seriously as a finishing material for residential premises. And it is completely in vain, since the panels have many clear advantages over other types of wall cladding.

Choosing non-combustible decorative plates, you can solve several problems "in one fell swoop" that arise during the repair process. This will significantly reduce the time for repair work, save yourself from large-scale cleaning, hide some engineering communications behind the cladding, additionally soundproof and insulate the walls, and also save certain funds, since in most cases additional finishing is no longer needed.

At the end of the publication - we suggest watching an interesting video about the advantages of non-combustible finishing panels: