How to build a house from blocks with your own hands. We build a house from blocks with our own hands: the advantages and disadvantages of technology, detailed instructions

11.06.2018

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Block house: advantages
How to build a building from blocks with your own hands

Building a house with your own hands from blocks is becoming increasingly popular due to the excellent operational properties of the material and ease of installation.

The foam block is made of aerated concrete and is a durable porous material with excellent thermal insulation properties.

Block material is presented:

foam concrete;
gas silicate;
aerated concrete.

Aerated concrete blocks are obtained by hardening a mortar from cement, sand, water and foam. When the mass dries, pores filled with air are formed in it.

Aerated concrete is formed by mixing sand, lime, water and aluminum dust in autoclaves. After the mixture dries, gas bubbles form cells in it, which are filled with a natural heat insulator - air.

Block house: advantages

Concrete blocks are polished and rough; colored or plain.

Besides the fact that block houses are the warmest, they have a number of other advantages:

Buildings with block material are much faster to construct than conventional bricks.
Block houses are durable and strong.
The porous material provides excellent sound insulation. Since the dimensions of the blocks are larger than sand-lime bricks, there will be fewer seams at the walls. This additionally keeps the room warm.
Foam blocks can be easily processed: sawn off, drill holes.
Good fire resistance.
Due to its high thermal insulation, the structure can be erected in one layer - without interior walls and air gap.
The ribbed structure of the surface excludes the application of mortar to all vertical seams, since the installation of foam blocks is carried out by the groove-comb method.
The weight of the block building material is small, which reduces the pressure on the foundation. This fact eliminates the need for additional strengthening of the foundation.
Foam blocks lend themselves well to plastering and decorative finishing, thanks to the grooved surface. At the same time, the consumption of the finishing solution is much less than in the case of conventional bricks.
Thanks to the pores of the foam blocks, there is good ventilation in the room. This fact excludes the appearance of mold and mildew on the walls.
The process of building a block house is very economical: you can save up to 40% of your money.
The structure is quite respectable and aesthetically pleasing. Building material allows you to construct a building of the most complex architectural idea.

The block house also has its drawbacks. The main one is the impossibility of installation reinforced concrete floors... To ensure this, it is necessary to equip an additional concrete belt.

To erect a block structure, you will need the following tools and materials:

concrete mixer;
drill with mixing attachment;
building level;
putty knife;
rubber hammer;
mortar containers, shovels;
building blocks;
Red brick;
fittings;
cement;
crushed stone;
boards;
waterproofing film.

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How to build a building from blocks with your own hands

The construction of any building begins with pouring the foundation. A good option would be to build a strip foundation. Its technology is as follows:

Dig a trench around the perimeter of the house. The depth and width of the base are determined by special calculations that take into account the size of the house, the number of storeys, as well as the characteristics of the soil.
Formwork is installed in the pit.
A layer of sand and gravel is poured onto the bottom. This pillow plays the role of drainage.
The foundation must be reinforced with a reinforcing sheaf.
Pour the prepared trench with a solution. The solution is prepared from sand, crushed stone and cement in the following proportions: 3: 4: 1, respectively.

A month after the foundation is poured, a red brick basement is laid out. The basement masonry consists of 5 rows, which are wider than the thickness of the block walls. This is due to the fact that the foam block does not like dampness.

The mortar for basement masonry has the following composition: 1 part of cement grade M400 and 5 parts of sand. Mixes must be done in small portions, as the solution dries quickly.

When the basement is ready, you can proceed to the construction of the walls. A waterproofing film is laid on top of the foundation, and a leveling cement screed is installed on it. After the solution has dried, start laying the first row.

The process begins with the laying of corners, the evenness of which is checked with a level and a plumb line. The dressing of the rows is carried out in half a block, as in the case of a brick system. The thickness of the seams should not exceed 3-4 cm. The block is leveled with a rubber hammer.

Every 2-3 rows of block masonry, it is necessary to lay an iron mesh, which strengthens the structure.

Quite often, from residents of private houses, one can hear a desire to move to a cozy apartment where they do not have to work a lot, while residents of apartment buildings, on the contrary, strive in every possible way to move to a separate house. In this case, whoever is offered the exchange, it is unlikely to take place, since the tenants of private houses will not give up their freedom, which is granted by a separate plot. For residents of multi-storey apartment buildings, it remains only to dream that someday they will have a separate corner in their lives in the form of a country house. If you decide to purchase a plot and build Vacation home ik do it yourself, then you should pay attention to the construction process, namely: how to build a house from blocks. This construction option is the most profitable and correct if you have not previously encountered construction processes.

Advantages and disadvantages

First of all, it is worth paying attention to some of the advantages of such construction and the use of blocks as the main building material, namely:

Carrying out construction work on your own, you can pleasantly save on almost all purchases and work. In this case, the cost of the finished building will be significantly cheaper than a house erected by a construction company.
Further, it should be noted that living conditions in your private house are much more comfortable and cozy than in apartment building... One can only give one of many arguments: in your house in the warm season, it is much easier to fight the heat than in an apartment.

All grown vegetables, or fruits on their site, are environmentally friendly. No product purchased in the market or in a store can boast of such quality.
Living in a private house, you significantly save on utilities.
There is a great opportunity to park your favorite car in the garage or in a free yard. No apartment building can boast of such an advantage.
In addition to all of the above, there is absolute freedom of action for your children in the yard. In this case, children will have significantly fewer prohibitions.

Of course, your own separate house, built independently with your own hands, has significant advantages over an apartment, however, there are also some disadvantages that for some discourage the desire to have a country house, namely:

In the case when a private house is far from the city, there may be significant difficulties with the road to work, school or hospital. If the city has public transport that runs constantly, then this is not always the case here, so you will need a car, or even two, depending on the size of your family.
At some points, the entrance to suburban areas does not have a decent asphalt surface, therefore, in winter, it will be difficult to get to the place of work or study.

It is necessary to have a cesspool on the site, in addition, it will need to be pumped out regularly.
Quite often, garbage collection is organized independently, since garbage collection companies do not serve remote suburban areas.

Foam blocks and their advantages

Almost every person seeks to make a profit for himself from everything. In this case, we are talking about building a house with your own hands. Many people want to build a reliable house on their own, but this requires some knowledge and experience. If you do not have any, then you should pay attention to the recommendations for construction, with their help, you can build a beautiful and practical house without excessive costs and efforts. Next, it is worth considering the answer to the question: how to build a house yourself?

As a building material, it is advisable to choose a foam block, since it is lightweight and easy to work with. You will not need additional help in your work, it is very important point, for those who want to significantly save money during construction. This material has a number of advantages, namely:

Walls made of similar building material are not subject to condensation. In our climate, such a moment is very important, since due to the lack of moisture on the surface, fungus will not appear here.
Foam blocks have a fairly simple structure, because of this they perfectly keep the temperature in the room.

Interesting fact:
In winter, the room will be warm, and in summer it will not be very hot.

Houses made of this material have excellent thermal insulation. Thanks to this quality, you will be able to significantly save on additional heating. In addition, excellent isolation from ambient noise can be added.
Blocks are easy enough to handle with your own hands.
If you have followed all the technologies of construction work, then the erected house will turn out to be reliable and durable.

Applied construction technology

To erect a building with your own hands, from such blocks, is not particularly difficult. All material has standard dimensions, as well as smooth edges and corners, which greatly facilitates the process of work. The rather impressive dimensions of a separate block allow you to erect walls incredibly quickly, which similar building materials cannot boast of. Even though it is planned to build several floors, lifting equipment can easily be abandoned. Except for the installation of interfloor slabs.

First of all, you need to prepare the foundation. Such a moment will also pleasantly surprise you, since the blocks are light enough, for a building to be erected with your own hands, you will not need a powerful foundation. Another nice moment of saving. Experts recommend using a strip-type monolithic concrete foundation for such structures. But do not forget that with such a foundation, waterproofing will be required, which should be slightly wider than the structure of the foundation itself. It is advisable to protect the blocks from direct exposure to water, since moisture quickly destroys such a material. Therefore, DIY block houses should be reliably protected from the effects of water.

Laying the walls

The first row of blocks is laid with ordinary cement mortar. This is necessary in order to get even walls in the future. It is almost impossible to make a flat foundation, therefore the walls are leveled due to the first row of cement mortar masonry.

When laying, the building level is used. If the first row does not turn out to be even, do not despair. As mentioned above, the material is easy to process, so it will be enough just to align the row with a grinder.

After the first row is ready, it is better to refuse the cement mixture, as it can create cold bridges. For the further laying of the walls with your own hands, it would be best to use a special glue for foam blocks. A similar adhesive solution is prepared in the same way as conventional tile adhesive. Sometimes, it is quite difficult to find the necessary solution, so you can purchase ordinary tile adhesive that is resistant to low temperatures.

Before applying the glue to the blocks, let it brew. This takes no more than ten minutes. Further, all dust is removed from the surface of the blocks, after which the solution is applied using a conventional notched trowel.

If you neglect the recommendations and use a cement mortar, then all blocks will have to be moistened with water before installation, otherwise there is a risk that the mortar will not be taken. It is important to note that every third row must be reinforced, otherwise the masonry may crack. In addition, all the masonry is done carefully, in no place should anything protrude, otherwise the construction technology will be violated and the building will not be reliable. All subsequent blocks are mounted as described above.

After the masonry has reached a certain height, it will be necessary to make door and window openings. In this case, you need metal corners. For them, grooves are pre-prepared. Once the masonry is completed, it will take some time for the building to shrink. In each case, this process is individual and takes a different amount of time. Further, as soon as the shrinkage is completed, you can start finishing work.

As you can see, it is quite easy to make a private house from blocks on your own, while the savings will be impressive when compared to the price you have to pay. construction organization for the work.

Building a house from blocks has always attracted the interest of users. The variety of options offered by manufacturers allows you to choose a natural or artificial material that fully meets all the requirements of modern comfort. But it is important to know not only how to build a house from blocks, but also all the quality characteristics of the proposed building material.

Technical parameters of block elements

If you rely on the price and aesthetics of the material, you can also build a house from blocks with your own hands, but no one will tell you how long the building will last. Therefore, you need to rely on the following indicators:

Thermal conductivity. The lower the indicator, the higher the energy saving, which means that the walls can be thinner;
Strength. This means the ability of the material to withstand compressive loads;
Frost resistance. Indicated by the number of freeze / thaw cycles without the product losing its exceptional qualities;
Volume weight. Determined in kg / 1m3, depends on the density of the material and is needed to calculate the strength of the bearing base;
Moisture resistance. This is a parameter of hygroscopicity, that is, the moisture absorption of the product - the lower the better;
Water vapor permeability. Responsible for the formation of condensation in the room and the removal of excess moisture;
Fire resistance, fire safety;
Soundproofing qualities.

The size range and environmental friendliness of materials are also taken into account without fail. The first indicator is responsible for the variety of elements, which means the ability to translate into reality any forms and projects. The second - for the safety of the product for the health of all residents of the house. And last but not least, the choice is played by the price of the goods, the efficiency of the construction of buildings.

Types of block products

All blocks are separated by composition and filling. The structural determinant of each element and endows the material with characteristics that determine the field of application: internal or external wall panels, foundations and others. It is worth starting with the blocks for arranging the supporting base.

Foundation blocks

The composition of the FBS block is heavy grade concrete, which is characterized by increased strength, resistance to various types of influences. It is most often used for arranging a strip foundation and is shown for heavy massive structures. However, when planning a basement level, such blocks are also good and are an alternative to a tape base, gaining in economy and speed of construction.

Important! To increase the strength, the reinforcement of the frame is applied.

In addition to standard FBS, the following are used:

FBV - elements with cutouts, through which it is convenient to lay communications;
FBP - hollow block bars used to lighten the weight of a structure or equip load-bearing wall panels... Have enhanced qualities thermal insulation.

Advice! The use of foundation blocks will require the use of technology, since it is physically impossible to lift some elements on your own.

Creating a block base has many advantages:

Building a house regardless of the seasons;
The lack of time for the maturation of the structure and the possibility of erecting the box immediately after the completion of work with the laying of the foundation accelerates the construction period;
Reduction in the amount of work due to the lack of formwork, reinforcement cage and pouring the mixture.

Important! It is allowed to create a block foundation on any soil, except for heaving.

Cellular blocks for building a house: advantages and disadvantages

This type combines three types: aerated concrete, foam concrete,. Each material has been successfully used to build a block house, but it is difficult for a layman to determine the characteristic features of the species. Let's analyze the fundamental differences.

Foam, aerated concrete blocks

Materials differ in the way they are produced. For the formation of foam, a foaming agent is used, as a result of which an element with a closed internal structure is obtained, while for a gas a chemical reaction is used that forms an open-shaped structure. Making a block can be in one of two ways:

Pouring the mixture into a mold made for small-sized elements;
Pouring a monolithic piece, followed by cutting into segments.

Foam concrete blocks are inferior to aerated concrete ones in terms of material shrinkage and an increased level of hygroscopicity, moreover, aerated concrete is considered better in terms of thermal insulation qualities.

Technological features of the construction of houses from blocks of foam, aerated concrete

The main advantage of the material is that. At the same time, you do not need to have a lot of experience at all. Accuracy of shapes and sizes, determined class and a variety of options for elements help to choose the material for any type load-bearing structures... Blocks are fastened with ordinary cement mortar or adhesive.

Advice! If you buy glue, then it is much easier to adjust the shape of the house vertically and horizontally.

Positive and negative qualities of gas and foam concrete blocks:

Good permeability of wall structures;
High rates of energy saving;
Sufficient bearing capacity of each block;
Fire resistance;
Environmental friendliness;
Durability;
Frost resistance.

Important! Autoclaved aerated concrete allows up to 100 defrost and thaw cycles.

These were the pros, the cons are as follows:

High hygroscopicity, and if you choose aerated concrete, then the higher the density of the material, the higher the absorbency;
Cold bridges reduce energy savings.

It is possible and necessary to be built from blocks of this type, if you think over heat and waterproofing. The general savings are added to the pluses: on the material, the arrangement of the foundation (the light weight of the blocks reduces the requirements for the bearing capacity of the base), the use of the services of specialists. And here general process building a house from blocks will show a video.

Gas silicate blocks

A cellular material with high thermal insulation properties, produced by an autoclave method. It is made from the same raw materials as aerated concrete, but the difference is in a larger proportion of lime. It is such an additive that causes controversy about the harmfulness of the product, however, people have been whitening their homes for many years in a row and use this way to this day, without experiencing any particular inconvenience.

Important! The highest load-bearing capacity allows houses up to 5 floors to be built, but the material has low flexural strength. Therefore, the requirements for the base are increased: monolithic foundation will be the best option if you want to build a gas silicate house correctly and for a long time.

The advantages of gas silicate are not limited to only high performance - the material has an extremely low price, and the possibility of arranging a load-bearing wall in one row in latitudes of positive temperatures also adds popularity to the product. However, if there are frosts, gas silicate elements need additional insulation. Moreover, it is best to combine the process with waterproofing due to the high absorbency of the blocks.

Advice! Assuming to build a house on your own, it is worth paying attention to the density indicator, especially if this is a two-story building - the best indicator of D 400-D 700. Ideal geometry, durability, frost resistance (up to 100 cycles) and high bearing capacity are clear advantages in favor of choosing gas silicate ...

Blocks of other types and types

In addition to aerated concrete, manufacturers offer equally convenient and practical materials. Each product has its own advantages, characteristics, and when considering in detail, it is quite possible to find a rational and cost-effective option for the construction of a private building.

Expanded clay concrete. This is fired clay, cement and sand, sintered into one element. Being one of the most environmentally friendly materials, blocks are hollow and solid. The first ones have high energy saving characteristics. Plus, there are many more pluses:

strength;
reduced coefficient of thermal conductivity;
increased sound insulation characteristics;
resistance to humidity, aggressive environmental influences;
light weight.

Arbolit. It is also called sawdust concrete and is a composition of cement, sand, chips and sawdust. Small specific gravity and extremely high levels of thermal insulation determined the popularity of the product. It is important that the foundation can be made light enough, and with proper waterproofing, the creation of a house from wood concrete blocks is shown in wet conditions. Another positive point is incombustibility, despite the content of woody elements.

Calculation of the amount of materials for building a house

After choosing the material, it's time to calculate its quantity. If you have contacted a company, you do not need to do it yourself, but it is still better to make a calculation to make sure that the developer is honest. First, you need to translate all the indicators into the building volume, that is, m3, which is the unit of sale of materials. After that, find out the volume of one block and determine how many of them are needed per 1 square meter.

Determination of the total volume of purchased building material is determined by determining all dimensions of the future house: height, length, thickness of wall panels. Do not forget window and doorways in the calculations.

Now the found out total building volume is divided by the number of block elements, which in total make up the coverage of 1 square meter - the number will be the amount of material that you need to buy.

How to build a house from blocks

There are no special tricks in building a house from block elements. The technology is similar to laying a brick, but it takes much less time. All processes begin with the arrangement of the foundation, and here it will pleasantly amaze the possibility of good savings - block structures have a low specific weight and therefore the foundation can also be made lightweight, the house will stand firmly on shallow, pile foundations (it all depends on the type of soil).

Further stages of construction are also simple:

Arrangement of external load-bearing walls from denser elements. Moreover, the method of laying is no different from laying bricks;
Construction of internal wall partitions, for which a cheaper product with an average thermal conductivity is selected;
Roof arrangement and decoration.

The main thing is not to wait for a prolonged shrinkage of the structure and almost immediately move into a new dwelling, simultaneously doing the final finishing. Of course, for each type of block you will have to choose a special type. finishing materials due to poor adhesion of standard fillers and coatings to stone. But such costs are paid off by the general savings on the foundation and material.

When calculating how much it costs to build a house, you cannot forget about block structures. If the technological subtleties of the choice are observed, a house built from aerated concrete or other block elements will serve excellently for many years, will not yield to other products in environmental friendliness, warmth and a pleasant microclimate. And look at the photo, don't you want to have your own comfortable and excellent home, which is ready not for 2-3 seasons necessary for "maturation", shrinkage and other subtleties, but literally in one summer!

Varieties of blocks
Foam block construction technology
Selection of foam blocks
Foam concrete masonry
Reinforcement of foam concrete walls
Overlapping from foam blocks

A modern house with your own hands can be built from variety of materials... They use not only concrete and traditional wood, but also a variety of building blocks, which include bricks. The block house is distinguished by a relatively simple manufacturing technology; it will be durable, warm and attractive.

In construction, not only brick is used, but also foam concrete, aerated concrete, expanded clay concrete. All of them are manufactured in the factory, have standard sizes and shape, which greatly facilitates not only construction, but also the calculation of the material. Large blocks based on concrete are also used, which are much more convenient to work with, do not require the use of complex construction equipment. turns out to be quite economical without losing a high level of quality.

Varieties of blocks

For the construction of a block house, the following are used:

Expanded clay concrete blocks, which are a material based on fired clay. They are used for any type of walls, they are laid down with voids. For fasteners, a solution based on sand and cement is suitable.
Foam concrete are made on the basis of cement, sand, foaming material. Masonry is made on special glue or cement mortar, the material is suitable for any walls.
Gas silicate ones are made on the basis of cement, foaming agent, silicate. Installation is carried out with special glue. It is not recommended to use it for facade and load-bearing walls, as its strength is low.
Cinder blocks, sawdust blocks are materials based on cement, sawdust (blast furnace slag). A mixture of cement and water with sand is used as an adhesive.
Brick is a traditional material that is made on the basis of clay or silicates. For masonry, a special masonry mortar is used.

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Foam block construction technology

To build a house with your own hands from blocks, you must follow the technology exactly, but it does not differ in great complexity. It is important to follow all the manufacturing steps, including:

choice of foundation and foam blocks;
foam concrete masonry;
reinforcement of foam concrete walls.

When choosing a foundation design, it is important to take into account the design of the future house, the characteristics of the soil at the construction site. You can use a strip foundation, pile, ordinary columnar, monolithic for the base. For difficult soils, it is best to use pile options, but for hard rocky soils, slab is well suited.

When choosing a base, it is necessary to take into account the tensile strength, which is not the best for foam blocks. The height of the basement should be about 40 cm. The foundation itself is built in full accordance with the selected type, but before that it is necessary to conduct a study on the level of occurrence of groundwater, the location of the freezing point of the soil.

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Selection of foam blocks

The block house is being built from ready-made blocks. Usually these are special wall foam blocks that have different sizes depending on the purpose. For example, for the construction of internal partitions, blocks of 300 * 100 * 600 mm are used, and foam blocks of 200 * 300 * 600 mm are suitable for the facade and main walls. Other options can be used as well. The thickness, the height of the blocks can be from 50 mm to 500 mm, although the length always remains the standard 600 mm.

Based on the design of the house and the size of the blocks, the calculation of the amount of material required for construction is performed. To obtain data on the amount of material, you should calculate the area of all walls of the house. This is not so difficult to do: it is necessary to determine the area at each wall by multiplying the height by the width, then subtract the area of the door and window openings. Then the obtained values are added, and the area of the foam block is subtracted from the total area. Usually this value is equal to:

for a conventional wall block - 0.12 m²;
for blocks for partitions - 0.18 m².

To obtain the volume of material, it is necessary to multiply the area of the walls without deducting the openings by the thickness of the walls. As a result, you can get a value for the number of blocks and for the total volume of all material. The calculation is carried out without taking into account the area required for masonry joints. However, one should not panic, since this value turns out to be insignificant, it can be neglected. In any case, it is required to add 2-3% to the resulting value for cutting.

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Foam concrete masonry

It is quite possible to build a house from blocks with your own hands. Before starting work, it is required to check the horizontality of the foundation. If all the diagonals and the height match, then you can start laying. Foam blocks can be mounted from any angle. If discrepancies are observed, then it is necessary to start from a higher angle in level, and for the rest, use cement mortar as an adjustment. The thickness of the seam here will act as an equalizer.

Before laying on the surface of the foundation, it is necessary to lay out a layer of waterproofing from roofing material. Such material is attached to mastic.

You can start laying the first row from any corner, if the foundation is even, and there is no need to level it with mortar. During the entire masonry, it is necessary to check the horizontal position. For convenience, a building level and a level are used. This stage should not be overlooked, since the evenness of the masonry and the reliability of the building depend on it. Foam blocks are placed first in the corners, their level is checked, after which a cord is pulled between the blocks along the upper edge. All other elements will be displayed on it.

For masonry, it is recommended to use special glue, and not ordinary cement mortar. It can create bridges of cold, and a special glue minimizes heat loss. The thickness of the glue seams is 2 mm, and in the case of cement mortar, in order to provide the necessary strength, it must be larger. It is much more convenient to work with glue than with cement mortars.

A do-it-yourself block house assumes that glue is applied to the base of the previous row and to the side edges. After that, the foam block is tightly installed in its place so that the glue is evenly distributed over the entire surface. The excess protruding must be carefully removed.

All blocks are laid with the obligatory dressing, the seams of individual elements must be overlapped with solid blocks from above and below. If necessary, blocks of foam concrete are easily cut with a hacksaw with large teeth. To do this, you should accurately measure the required part, and then cut. During masonry, you must constantly use the building level, check the vertical and horizontal rows.

Many people want to live in their own home, rather than in cramped apartments in multi-storey buildings... Preference is rarely given to already built objects due to the fact that it is not known from what the building was erected and how high quality it is. Without seeing the construction process, it is difficult to conclude how well the work is done. Making a house with your own hands, you can be calm that the building will last for many years. Thus, if there is experience in construction or there are golden hands, you can safely proceed to construction.

First of all, you need to choose a material that will combine two important properties: strength and energy saving. The expanded clay concrete successfully combines these qualities. It is the most widespread and demanded material due to its lightness and strength. It is environmentally friendly, is not afraid of fungus and has a reasonable price.

With the plan in hand, you can start building. The first question that arises is: "How many blocks are needed?" Knowing the length of all walls, we add up their dimensions, and add them to the length of all load-bearing partitions. The sum of the walls is multiplied first by the height of the ceilings, and then by their thickness. This gives the required volume for construction. During the construction process, damage to the expanded clay concrete block is possible, therefore, the result is usually increased to 15%. If you need to know the number of required claydite blocks, the resulting volume is divided by the volume of one block, which is 0.014 m3.

Construction technology

Foundation

A house made of expanded clay concrete has a relatively low weight, you can do without the construction of a heavy monolithic structure.

Depending on whether there is a basement in the project, a foundation is chosen. If provided basement, then they do, and in the absence - use the strip type of the foundation.

First, a site is cleared for the future object. Next, they dig a trench, which has a depth of about 0.5 m. It is placed in it. Having built a wooden formwork, it is erected in a trench. A pre-prepared concrete solution is poured into the pit, consisting of sand, cement, gravel and water. It is better to stir the concrete mortar with a concrete mixer, thereby preserving its strength for the rest of the work, speeding up the process of creating the base.

When filling the foundation, it is important to leave holes for ventilation and drainage. Otherwise, it will complicate the construction process, you will have to manually break the foundation. This all leads to a waste of time and damage to the new foundation.

The mortar for the base of the building is left for at least 2-3 weeks. But we can say that the foundation for such a time is considered to be made on hastily... It is better to let him infuse for about 3 months or even six months. During this time, the foundation will sit down under its own weight, which will strengthen the structure.

In addition, the foundation is covered with a waterproofing material and insulated.

Any person can cope with such a foundation on their own, but before starting to fill it, it is worth examining the soil. In order to find out its carrying capacity.

Wall masonry

After 3-6 months, you can start building the walls. It is much easier to lay out than from a brick. The expanded clay concrete wall does not differ in its beautiful appearance, therefore it is necessary to lay out blocks and in parallel to veneer, insulate the walls. Mineral wool, fiberglass and other materials are used as insulation.

Reinforcement of expanded clay concrete is done every 3-4 rows for structural strength.

It is also important to know that there are two types of expanded clay concrete: solid and hollow. The first type of blocks copes well with loads, therefore it is preferable to put it on the lower floors. Hollow is suitable for upper floors and self-supporting walls.

Next, the foundation is leveled with cement mortar, which is laid out in 3 centimeters. As soon as the solution hardens, put a layer of roofing material and a layer of mastic, this procedure is repeated 2-3 times. Laying starts from the corner. Corner expanded clay concrete blocks are installed, and the fishing line is stretched. It should definitely go along the upper edge of the blocks, thereby helping to lay out exactly a row. You should not trust your eyesight alone, you need to check the work done using a level and a plumb line.

Before you go to bed expanded clay concrete block, the surface on which it is placed is smeared with a solution. A solution based on sand and cement is used and the space between the blocks is filled with it. The distance of such seams is 12 mm. So, block by block, put without gaps and tap so that the block adheres to the solution and corresponds to the line level.

The strength of the house is given by reinforcement, which is laid out along the perimeter of the laid out masonry every 3-4 rows. Grooves are laid on the block by two rods with a diameter of 12 - 14 mm. If the masonry is two-row, then two rows are laid out at the same time. It is also important to release every second block to eliminate cold bridges. Single-row masonry is done exclusively with insulation

The first floor is crowned with a reinforcing belt made of such materials: brick, reinforced concrete or mortar with a mesh. On top of such a belt, you can put monolithic ones or that will act as an overlap for the house. In this case, the reinforcing belt should be 20 cm and insulated from the outside. Multi-slot light grades are enough for wooden floors. Observing this technology, the wall will be easily laid out with the help of your hands.

Most often, the roof structure is made of wood.

It almost turned out to build with my own hands if there was only one roof left. This is an important part of the house, just like the foundation. If you don't pay enough attention to the roof, you can face a lot of consequences: water leakage, problems with wiring, collapse of the roof due to precipitation. For the construction of the roof, wood is most often chosen, since it is an affordable material, and the roofing is chosen at its discretion. Roof covering can be inexpensive but of high quality.

First of all, waterproofing is laid, and then beams with a section of 150 * 150 mm are laid, attached to the bearing walls with the help of anchors. Next, the rafters are installed, which are attached with brackets and brackets. The edge of the rafters should extend beyond the edge of the house. By combining the rafters, perpendicular beams are laid.

Once the roof structure is in place, the battens are nailed down. A waterproofing film is applied on top, and then a roofing material. The roof covering usually has individual fasteners. After that, they begin to insulate the roof from the inside. Insulation is applied to the rafters and fastened.

When creating the foundation, space is left for the cladding of the building. They clad the building not only for beauty, but also to protect the walls from temperature changes. The following materials are used:

brick;
plaster;
artificial or natural stone;
marble;
siding;
thermal panels, and clinker tiles.

Exterior facing of the house with bricks.

Most often they resort to brick, clinker or ceramic masonry. The most budgetary facade material is plaster. Through decorative plaster and paints have the ability to create interesting and different surfaces. The plaster is suitable for expanded clay concrete walls, as it is used on materials subject to temperature extremes.

Natural stone looks noble. It has identical properties with artificial stone... The only difference in materials is the price. Heat panels are a budget option in construction. They are lightweight, environmentally friendly, durable and used with strip foundations. Keeps warm in cold weather and cold in hot weather. Siding is the cheapest form of cladding, but siding panels are very fragile. If the material is damaged, it can negatively affect the wall.

Before revetting, the insulation is laid in two layers. Basalt wool 10 cm thick is used. A windproof and hydrological layer is installed between the layers of insulation. Thanks to such insulation of houses, heat is retained, expanded clay concrete is not exposed to moisture. A well-made finish will last from 50 to 100 years.

Insulation options

There are such materials that are most often used:

Mineral wool. Suitable if interior decoration made with plaster. Use with aluminum foil. This material has many advantages: thermal insulation, incombustibility, noise absorption, strength.
Basalt wool. It is an environmentally friendly product, resistant, sound and heat insulating.
Fiberglass. The characteristics are identical with basalt wool. Protect from the inside with plasterboard, and from the outside with foam.
Expanded polystyrene. Has similar characteristics to mineral wool, but is cheaper.

Comparison of expanded clay concrete blocks

One block replaces 7 bricks. This suggests that during the masonry process, it is possible to perform a larger amount of work in one action. Expanded clay concrete has identical decorative and environmental characteristics with brick. Expanded clay concrete makes it possible to save 30-40% compared to other materials.